Recall what we know:
What makes a poem a poem?
Recall what we know: What is form in poetry?
sonnet
epistle
limerick
haiku
cinquain
ballad
quotella
open form
blank verse
concrete
sestina
epic
ode
villanelle
nonet
acrostic
tricube
dramatic monologue
ekphrasis
fibonacci
ghazal
palinode freeform
Recall what we know:
What do these keywords mean?
Stanza
Caesura
Refrain
Rhyme Scheme
Enjambment
Octave
End-Stopping
Tercet
Recall what we know:
What do these keywords mean?
Stanza
Caesura
Refrain
Rhyme Scheme
Enjambment
Octave
End-Stopping
Tercet
New Keyword:
Anaphora
Definition:
A device that repeats words at the
beginning of successive (in a row)
clauses or sentences.
Example:
It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was
the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it
was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of
hope, it was the winter of despair,
Recall what we know:
What do these keywords mean?
Stanza
Caesura
Refrain
Rhyme Scheme
Enjambment
Octave
End-Stopping
Tercet
New Keyword:
Anaphora
Definition:
A device that repeats words at the
beginning of successive (in a row)
clauses or sentences.
Example:
It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was
the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it
was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of
hope, it was the winter of despair.
Consolidate understanding:
What makes a poem a poem?
poetry
form ballad, sonnet, epic
dramatic monologue etc.
language
conceit
This is by no means exhaustive, but
it helps to know poems share many
descriptive writing techniques…
Descriptive
prose
LANGUAGE – word choice
Imagery: symbolism, metaphor,
personification, zoomorphism,
hyperbole, pathetic fallacy, allusion
sound: alliteration, assonance,
consonance, sibilance, euphony,
cacophony, onomatopoeia
structure (many for sound
effects) rhyme, half rhyme,
internal rhyme, eye rhyme,
STRUCTURE: cyclical, chronological,
metre, rhythm
flash back, tense, internal rhyme,
lines and stanzas
punctuation, narrative structure,
end-stopped lines
rhetorical devices: juxtaposition,
enjambment (run on)
repetition, anaphora etc.
apostrophe
caesura, volta
form
novel, novella, vignette,
literary non-fiction etc.
structure
sentences types
& paragraphs
Big Question 2: But does it contain poetic techniques?
Task 5 continued. Let’s organise our thinking…
Extracts from the writing
slim, agile, sneaking legs
lurked beneath the shadow of the trees
as if covered by soot
an orange mask of fur
thick forest canopy
a row of teeth like curved daggers
eyes glistened a warm ochre
a cunning grin
A fiery brush
lithe enough to curl and loop like ribbon
sink sharp teeth
What ‘crafting’ technique has been used?
Is it a technique used in
poetry?
Put learning into practice:
Adapt descriptive writing to create a poetic form
Task 1a. Turn this descriptive writing into an octave (you must re-rewrite it
as a single stanza of just 8 lines – that doesn’t mean 8 sentences, remember).
You can change words as required. Try to use these 5 structural techniques:
1. enjambment, 2. anaphora, 3. caesura, 4. a rhyme, 5. end-stopped line
It came on slim, agile, sneaking legs. It lurked beneath the shadow of the
trees. Each leg was darkened from the bottom, as if covered by soot, like little
black socks. And its head, covered by an orange mask of fur, gazed up into the
sky through the gaps of the thick forest canopy.
Drafting page!
It came on slim, agile, sneaking legs. It lurked beneath the shadow of the
trees. Each leg was darkened from the bottom, as if covered by soot, like little
black socks. And its head, covered by an orange mask of fur, gazed up into the
sky through the gaps of the thick forest canopy.
Task 1b. Compare this octave to the one you created.
•
•
Has this octave included all five structural elements?
Label the ones you can find.
The Fox
On slim, agile, sneaking legs it came. It lurked
Beneath shadows, untamed.
From the bottom, each leg was darkened by soot,
From the bottom, little black socks.
From the top, its head,
An orange mask of fur,
Gazed up
Into the sky.
end-stopped line
a rhyme
caesura
anaphora
enjambment
Task 1c. Label your own Octave to show that you included all five.
Task 2. Discuss why the writer structured the octave in this way.
•
•
•
What is the effect of leaving ‘It lurked’ on the end of the line and starting
the next with ‘Beneath’? Why do it?
What is the effect of rhyming ‘it came’ and ‘untamed’?
What is the effect of the anaphora, repeating the first words of the line ‘From the bottom’?
The Fox
a rhyme
enjambment
On slim, agile, sneaking legs it came. It lurked
Beneath shadows, untamed.
caesura
From the bottom, each leg was darkened by soot,
From the bottom, little black socks.
From the top, its head,
end-stopped line
An orange mask of fur,
Gazed up
Into the sky.
anaphora
You need to
• notice how poets
craft poems
• say what
techniques they
use on purpose
• explain what the
effects are…
From Prose to Poetry
The Fox
On slim, agile, sneaking legs it came. It lurked
Beneath shadows, untamed.
From the bottom, each leg was darkened by soot,
From the bottom, little black socks.
From the top, its head,
An orange mask of fur,
The Fox
Gazed up
Into the sky.
It came on slim, agile, sneaking legs. It lurked beneath
the shadow of the trees. Each leg was darkened from
.
the bottom, as if covered by soot, like little black
socks. And its head, covered by an orange mask of fur,
gazed up into the sky through the gaps of the thick
forest canopy.
Revise what we know: poetic form
Form is the overarching shape and structure of poetry.
sonnet
epistle
ode
limerick
acrostic
cinquain
Fibonacci ballad
blank verse
sestina
haiku
concrete
epic
open form
quotella
narrative
The red set forms of poetry
will feature in ‘Power &
Conflict’ so research these if
you haven’t already…
nonet
villanelle
tricube
dramatic monologue
ekphrasis
palinode freeform
Task 3a. Revise poetic form
What form of poem is this?
There was a young man of Nice,
Who insisted on bathing in grease.
He slid through the house,
Tormenting his spouse,
‘Til she hid in the oven for peace.
Recall poetic form
It’s a limerick!
It’s a limerick!
Short humorous poems, often silly
or naughty, with a lyrical quality.
Sometimes they have an ironic or
philosophical statement.
There was a young man of Nice,
Who insisted on bathing in grease.
Task 3b. Check the rules of form
have been followed in this example:
He slid through the house,
 five-line poem
 triplet split by a couplet (aabba)
 Lines 1, 2, and 5 rhyme (usually
7–10 syllables each line)
 Lines 3 and 4 rhyme (usually 5–7
syllables each line)
Tormenting his spouse,
‘Til she hid in the oven for peace.
Task 4a. Revise poetic form
What form of poem is this?
A lone penny lying on the ground
does not know its value is less
than the nickel beside it
since both are discarded
among the street trash
trampled over
by so many
all day
long
Recall poetic form
It’s a Nonet!
A lone penny lying on the ground
does not know its value is less
than the nickel beside it
since both are discarded
among the street trash
trampled over
by so many
all day
long
Nonet
A more contemporary version of
traditional Japanese poetry, like haiku or
tanka, the nonet poetic form has a simple
group of nine architecture.
Task 4b. Check the rules of form have
been followed in this example:
There is no direction on subject matter or
rule around rhyming, but there is a
specific syllable and line count.
Form:
 9 line poem
 Syllable count per line is 9–8–7–6–5–4–
3–2–1
Task 5a. Revise poetic form
What form of poem
is this?
Shall I compare thee
to a summer’s day?
by
William Shakespeare
What form
of
It's a Shakespearean
Sonnet!
poem
is of
this?
Task 5b. Check
the rules
form have
been followed in this example
The
Sonnet
has roots in Italy.
Shall
I compare
thee
 Usually about love
a summer’s
day?
 to
It has
14 lines
 The first 12 lines are divided into 3 quatrains
 by
TheWilliam
quatrainsShakespeare
have an alternate rhyme
scheme: ABAB, CDCD, EFEF, GG
 The rhyme scheme is regular
 the lines have 10 syllables, 5 iambic feet
 The last two lines form a rhyming couplet
fyi There are other styles of sonnet as well, such
as a Petrarchan sonnet, which follow different
structural rules.