TYPES OF SOIL
C
Soil contains mineral particles with various sizes, living organisms
(earthworms) dead materials, water and air.
• How soil forms?
• Soil forms by the weathering of rock above ground and from weathering of bedrock,
weathering of bedrock, which is below ground.
• (weathering is the process in which rocks breaks up to form a fragments)
fragments)
Types of soil
Clay soil
Sandy soil
Loam soil
Particle size
Small particles
Space and air
content
Permeability to
water
Soil can become
waterlogged
in
heavy
Few and small air
rain (sticky when wet)
spaces
Large particles
Many large air
spaces
Mixture of small
and large particles Many different
sized air spaces
Drains water quickly
because of its larger
grains of rock.
It can hold water
without getting
waterlogged.
It contains more humus.
Clay soil
Sandy soil
Loamy soil
Layer of the soil
• 1. Humus – surface darkest layer (made up
of remains of plants and animals
• 2. topsoil – thicker layer under the surface
(made up of humus and rock fragments
where the plants grow.
• 3. subsoil – contains less humus
• 4. bedrock - made up of slightly unbroken
rock and only a little bit of organic material is
found here. Plant roots are not found in this
layer.
•Experiment