CHAPTER 1-
THE LIVING WORLD
CHAPTER BY FLOW CHARTS. oo
BY-
PARESH PUROHIT
XI "B"
CHARACTERISTICS
NON-
DEFINING
DEFINING
GROWTH
Increase in
number &
mass of cells
by cell
CELLULAR
ORGANISATION-
progeny having
The basic tool
Ability to sense
the environment
features similar
reactions taking
which ascends
& respond to
to those of
place inside a
from simplest to
parents.
living system.
complex one.
environmental
stimuli.
Production of
division.
CONSCIOUSNESS-
METABOLISMSum total of biochemical
REPRODUCTION-
Can be
DETERMINATE or
UNDETERMINATE
Can be
INTRINSIC or
ASEXUAL-
CATABOLISM-
EXTRINSIC
Fission,
{on the basis of
{on the basis
Budding,
time
of place of
Fragmentation,
Break down
of larger
molecules. It
growth}
Regeneration
SEXUAL
is
EXOTHERMIC.
ANABOLISM
Synthesisof
larger
1. CELL
2. TISSUE
molecules. It is
3. ORGAN
ENDOTHERMIC
4. ORGAN
SYSTEM
5. ORGANISM
SELF-CONSCIOUSNESS-
Human is the only selfconscious organism. He can
relate his mind
the
changes
taking place in the world. He is
to
an intelligent animal with
thoughts, feelings and self
hood.
BIODIVERSITY-
SYSTEMATICS- Deals with
The number and
types of
evolutionary relationships
organisms
TAXONOMY- It is the study
of ldentification,
Classification &
between organisms
present on
**Systema- Systematic
Earth.
arrangement (Latin)
Nomenclature of organisms.
IDENTIFICATION- It is
the finding of correct
name & place of an
organism in a system
of classification.
CLASSIFICATION- It is
the grouping of
organisms into
convenient categories
taxa) based on
characters.
NOMENCLATURE- It is the
standardization of names of
organisms such that an
organism is known by the
same name all over the
world.
*ICBN- International Code of Botanical Nomenclature
RULES OF BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE-
*ICZN-International Code of Zoological Nomenclature
1. Scientific names are in LATIN, written in italics and when
handwritten, they are underlined separately.
*CAROLUS LINNAEUS-
2. First word is GENERIC NAME & second word is SPECIFIC EPITHET.
1. Father of Taxonomy
3. Genus name starts with capital letter and species name with small
2. Species Plantarum- Book on Plants (1753)
letter.
3. Systema Naturae- Book on Animals (1758)
4. Author's name appears at the end of biological name.
4. Binomial Nomenclature- The
system of naming with two components.
Example-MANGO-Mangiferaindica Linn.
TAXONOMIC CATEGORIES
SPECIES
GENUS
FAMILY
ORDER
CLASS
PHYLUM
KINGDOM
Group of
related genus.
Assemblage of
related
families.
Assemblage of
related orders.
Assemblage of
related classes.
Assemblage of
related phyla.
"-aceae"
"-ales" suffix
"-nae/-opsida"
In
of
"-phyta/-spermae"
suffix is used
is used in
order.
suffix are used
Group of
closely related
organismns
capable of
Aggregates of
closely related
species.
inter-breeding.
It is the lowest
category
Eg-Sapiens
Tuberosum
No definite
suffix is there
for Species &
Genus.
family.
Eg-Solanum
Panthera
Eg- Solanaceae
Felis
Canidae
Felidae
Eg- Polymoniales
Carnivora
on class.
case
plants,
DIVISION.
suffix are used in
phylum & division but
there is no definite
suffix for kingdom.
Eg
Eg- Plantae
the related
classes form
EgDicotyledonae
Angiospermae
Mammalia
Chordata
Animalia
TABLE TO MEMORIZE
Common Biological
Name
Name
Genus
Family
Order
Class
Phy lum/
Division
Man
Homo saplens Homo
Hominidae
Primata
Mammalla
Chordata
Housely
Musca
domesttoa
Musca
Muscldac
Diptera
Insecta
Arthropoda
Mango
Mang era
Mangsera Anacardlaceac Saplndales Dlcotyledonac
Wheat
Trtlaum
Trticum
tndica
aestitum
Poaccac
Poalcs
Anglospermae
Monocotyledonac Angospemac