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WHAT ARE FILM CONVENTIONS/SWAT CODES?
Activity:
Review and/or learn what Film Conventions/SWAT Codes are by working though Learn,
Write, Spell, Play, Test in this Quizlet:
https://quizlet.com/_9d4t4y?x=1qqt&i=pnc66
Activity:
Provide examples, wherever possible, of the following Film Conventions/SWAT Codes in this Stop Motion
Animation:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XxyJju6UWq0&ab_channel=WildBrain-KidsTVShowsFullEpisodes
Symbolic Code: the use of objects, colour, lighting and/or ideas that represent something (a concept, an
idea, a group, a product, an identity, an emotion etc.) e.g. a crown symbolises royalty
Example from film:____________________________________________________________________
Written Code: the use of words to set the scene, provide information (written preludes/ prologue or
epilogue, words on screen, opening credits, signage and words as part of the scene)
Example from film:__________________________________________________________________
Audio Code:
Audio/Sound: the use of sound to set the tone of scenes and establish mood e.g. sadness or joy
- Sound may be diegetic (actual sounds from characters or actions or non-diegetic which are added
during editing, including music and special sound effects
Example from film:_____________________________________________________________
- Counterpoint refers to sound that contradicts the image
Example from film:_____________________________________________________________
Voiceover/Narration:
- The story (plot) is told by an external narrator
Example from film:_____________________________________________________________
- or a character in the film is narrating while events paly out on screen
Example from film:_____________________________________________________________
- or the protagonist’s (or other characters’) private thoughts are shared though voiceover
Example from film:_____________________________________________________________
Technical Code:
Camera work:
Camera angles
Extreme high/bird’s eye – signals the size of the setting and and/or insignificance of people in
context
Example from film:_____________________________________________________________
High – makes subject look vulnerable and insignificant, can accentuate fear, loneliness, isolation,
powerlessness etc.
Example from film:____________________________________________________________
Eye level - establishes equality of characters, helps viewer to identify with character.
Example from film:____________________________________________________________
Low – makes subject look larger and more powerful or important or even threatening or possessing
other negative traits. Can also accentuate bravery or admiration or other positive traits.
Example from film:____________________________________________________________
Extreme low – may make viewer feel uncomfortable or intimidated by the imposing nature of the
authoritarian subject
Example from film:____________________________________________________________
Over the shoulder – both characters are visible in the shot but the listening character is usually in
the foreground and the listening character in the background so the viewer can see character
expressions etc. and understand relationships better
Example from film:_____________________________________________________________
Point of view – conveys a character’s perception of an event/experience such as the feeling of being
dizzy
Example from film:_____________________________________________________________
Shot size
Establishing – used at the start of a scene, identifies location and orients audience expectations
Example from film:____________________________________________________________
Two shot – two characters can be observed from the front, in the same shot at the same time
Example from film:____________________________________________________________
Extreme close up – magnifies anything significant and may arouse viewers’ sense of mystery
Example from film:____________________________________________________________
Close up – common shot size to show character expressions and responses
Example from film:____________________________________________________________
Extreme long shot – signals the size of a setting and often the insignificance of people in the context
of that setting
Example from film:____________________________________________________________
Long shot/Full shot – establishes the main location of a scene.
Example from film:____________________________________________________________
Medium shot – establishes the main characters and all relevant elements of a scene
Example from film:________________________________________________________________
Camera movement
Panning – the camera moves from side to side from a focal point
Example from film:________________________________________________________________
Tracking – the camera follows the subject along a parallel track
Example from film:________________________________________________________________
Tilting – the camera moves up and down from a focal point
Example from film:_____________________________________________________________
Zoom in – the camera remains stationary but magnifies the subject using optical or digital zooming
Example from film:_____________________________________________________________
Zoom out - the camera remains stationary but the subject is made smaller using optical or digital
zooming
Example from film:________________________________________________________________
Lighting:
High contrast lighting – can create a mysterious, intriguing atmosphere. Can also be used to
Accentuate/highlight a feature
Example from film:_____________________________________________________________
Shadow – the use of light and dark to create a particular mood or atmosphere
Example from film:____________________________________________________________
Colour: - the use of colour and/or coloured filters and/or digital enhancement to focus viewers’ attention on
major themes or to signal a character’s mood or state of mind; or to set a particular tone or
atmosphere
Example from film:_____________________________________________________________
Juxtaposition: - images are placed side by side to emphasise a particular order of events or an intended
meaning
Example from film:____________________________________________________________
Mise-en-scene (what is put into the frame): – the components such as objects, sets, actors, costumes,
etc. purposefully chosen to be shown or included within the frame to create the intended meaning
Example from film:________________________________________________________________
Costuming: - important for establishing the setting and characterisation as well as creating atmosphere
Example from film:_____________________________________________________________
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