Chapter One
Topic: Introduction to Organic Chemistry
Section: 1.1
Difficulty Level: Easy
1.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Chemical reactions occur as a result of:
Attraction between opposite charges
Nucleus–Nucleus interactions
Motion of electrons
Like atoms interacting
Combining two chemicals
Ans: C
Topic: Introduction to Organic Chemistry
Section: 1.1
Difficulty Level: Easy
2. Credit for the first synthesis of an organic compound from an inorganic precursor is
generally ascribed to:
A) Berzelius
B) Arrhenius
C) Kekulé
D) Wöhler
E) Lewis
Ans: D
Topic: Introduction to Organic Chemistry
Section: 1.1
Difficulty Level: Easy
3.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
What was long thought to be the difference between inorganic and organic compounds?
The number of atoms
The synthesis of organic compounds required a vital force
The molecular weight
Inorganic compounds exhibited a strong nuclear force
Inorganic compounds were composed exclusively of transition metals
Ans: B
Topic: The Structural Theory of Matter
Section: 1.2
Difficulty Level: Easy
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4.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Constitutional isomers may not differ in what aspects?
Physical properties
Atomic connectivity
Molecular formula
Name
Constitution
Ans: C
Topic: The Structural Theory of Matter
Section: 1.2
Difficulty Level: Easy
5. What is the relationship between the following compounds?
H
H
O
H
C
C
C
C
C
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
O
H
C
C
C
C
H
H
C
H
H
H
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
They are isotopes
They are constitutional isomers
They are the same structure
They are composed of different elements
There is no relationship
Ans: B
Topic: The Structural Theory of Matter
Section: 1.2
Difficulty Level: Easy
6. What is the relationship between the following compounds?
H
A)
B)
C)
D)
H
H
C
C
H
H
H
O
C
H
H
H
H
H
H
C
C
C
H
H
H
O
H
Resonance isomers
Constitutional isomers
Empirical isomers
There is no relationship
Ans: B
Topic: The Structural Theory of Matter
Section: 1.2
Difficulty Level: Easy
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7.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Carbon generally forms four bonds and is considered:
Tetravalent
Divalent
Trivalent
Monovalent
Qudravalent
Ans: A
Topic: The Structural Theory of Matter
Section: 1.2
Difficulty Level: Medium
8. Which of the following compounds are constitutional isomers of each other?
H
H
C
H
C
Br
H
C
C
Cl
C
H
H
H
Cl
C
II
I
C
H
Br
H
H
C
C
Br
H
C
C
H
H
H
H
C
C
C
C
C
III
H
C
C
H
H
C
C
C
H
C
H
H
C
C
H
C
H
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
C
C
H
H
C
H
C
H
C
Br
C
Br
H
C
H
Cl
IV
Cl
H
H
I & II
III & IV
I, II & III
II, III & IV
All of these
Ans: E
Topic: The Structural Theory of Matter
Section: 1.2
Difficulty Level: Medium
9. Which of the following compounds are constitutional isomers of each other?
H
Cl
H
C
C
H
Cl
I
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Cl
Cl
Cl
H
C
C
Cl
Cl
H
II
H
Cl
H
C
C
H
H
Cl
III
I & II
III & IV
II & III
I & IV
All of these
Ans: D
Topic: The Structural Theory of Matter
Section: 1.2
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Test-Bank-for-Organic-Chemistry-2nd-Edition-by-Klein
H
H
Cl
C
C
H
Cl
IV
Cl
Difficulty Level: Medium
10. Which of the following compounds are constitutional isomers of each other?
H
H
H
C
N
H
C
H
H
C
O
H
H
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
C
H
I
H
C
H
II
I & II
III & IV
I, II & III
I & IV
All of these
Ans: C
N
O
H
H
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
C
H
H
H
O
C
C
C
H
H
H
H
N
C
H
H
H
H
H
O
C
C
C
N
H
C
H
III
IV
H
H
Topic: The Structural Theory of Matter
Section: 1.2
Difficulty Level: Medium
11. Draw three constitutional isomers that have molecular formula C4H8BrCl
H
Br
H
H
Ans:
H
H
Br
H
H
Cl
Br
H
H
C
C
C
C
H
H
H
H
Cl
H
C
C
C
C
H
H
H
H
H
H
C
C
C
C
H
H
Cl
H
H
There are additional correct answers.
Topic: The Structural Theory of Matter
Section: 1.2
Difficulty Level: Hard
12. Draw three constitutional isomers that have molecular formula C4H8O.
H
H
H
H
O
H
H
Ans:
H
C
C
C
C
H
H
H
H
O
H
H
C
C
C
H
H
H
C
There are additional correct answers
Topic: Electrons, bonds, and Lewis structures
Section: 1.3
Difficulty Level: Easy
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Test-Bank-for-Organic-Chemistry-2nd-Edition-by-Klein
H
H
C
C
C
H
H
H
O
H
C
H
H
13.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
What force is not taken into account in the formation of a covalent bond?
Repulsion between two positively charged nuclei
Repulsion between electron clouds on individual atoms
Force of attraction between positively charged nuclei and electrons
Repulsion of electrons by neutrons
All forces listed are involved in forming a covalent bond
Ans: D
Topic: Electrons, bonds, and Lewis structures
Section: 1.3
Difficulty Level: Easy
14. What is the correct Lewis dot structure for S?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
S
S
S
I
II
III
S
IV
S
V
I
II
III
IV
V
Ans: C
Topic: Electrons, bonds, and Lewis structures
Section: 1.3
Difficulty Level: Easy
15. What is the correct Lewis dot structure for C?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
C
C
C
I
II
III
C
IV
I
II
III
IV
V
Ans: E
Topic: Electrons, bonds, and Lewis structures
Section: 1.3
Difficulty Level: Easy
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Test-Bank-for-Organic-Chemistry-2nd-Edition-by-Klein
C
V
16. What is the correct Lewis structure for PH3?
H
H
P
H
H
P
I H
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
H
P
H
H
II
P
P
H
H
III
IV
H
P
P
H
H
V
I
II
III
IV
V
Ans: A
Topic: Electrons, bonds, and Lewis structures
Section: 1.3
Difficulty Level: Easy
17. What is the correct Lewis structure for COCl2?
C
O
Cl
C
O
I
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
I
II
III
IV
V
Ans: B
Cl
Cl
C
Cl
II
Cl
O
C
Cl
III
Topic: Electrons, bonds, and Lewis structures
Section: 1.3
Difficulty Level: Medium
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Test-Bank-for-Organic-Chemistry-2nd-Edition-by-Klein
Cl
O
IV
O
Cl
Cl
C
V
Cl
18. What is the correct Lewis structure for CH3CO2H?
H
H
H
C
C
H
O
O
C
H
H
I
H
H
O
C
C
H
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
H
I
II
III
IV
V
Ans: D
H
O
C
O
H
H
C
O
O
C
H
H
II
III
H
O
H
H
C
H
IV
C
O
O
H
V
Topic: Electrons, bonds, and Lewis structures
Section: 1.3
Difficulty Level: Hard
19.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Which of the following compounds has two lone pairs on the central atom?
CO2
SCl2
NF3
CS2
SO3
Ans: B
Topic: Identifying Formal Charges
Section: 1.4
Difficulty Level: Easy
20. What is the formal charge on oxygen in the following structure?
H
H
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
C
O
H
H
H
212+
1+
0
Ans: D
Topic: Identifying Formal Charges
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Test-Bank-for-Organic-Chemistry-2nd-Edition-by-Klein
Section: 1.4
Difficulty Level: Easy
21. What is the formal charge on nitrogen in the following structure?
H
H
C
H
H
C
N
H
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
H
212+
1+
0
Ans: D
Topic: Identifying Formal Charges
Section: 1.4
Difficulty Level: Easy
22. What is the formal charge on oxygen in the following structure?
H
O
H
C
H
C
H
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
H
C
H
H
0
1+
2+
12Ans: B
Topic: Identifying Formal Charges
Section: 1.4
Difficulty Level: Easy
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Test-Bank-for-Organic-Chemistry-2nd-Edition-by-Klein
23. What is the formal charge on oxygen in the following structure?
H
O
H
C
H
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
C
H
H
H
2+
21+
10
Ans: E
Topic: Identifying Formal Charges
Section: 1.4
Difficulty Level: Easy
24. Which of the following structures have zero formal charge on carbon atom?
H
H
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
C
H
H
C
H
I
H
H
H
II
H
C
III
H
H
C
IV
I & III
II & III
III & IV
I & IV
II & IV
Ans: C
Topic: Identifying Formal Charges
Section: 1.4
Difficulty Level: Easy
25. Which of the following structures have 1- formal charge on sulfur atom?
H
H
H
H
O
S
H
C
H
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
I
S
H
C
S
H
C
H
O
O
H
H
II
III
I
II
III
IV
V
Ans: A
Topic: Identifying Formal Charges
Section: 1.4
Difficulty Level: Easy
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Test-Bank-for-Organic-Chemistry-2nd-Edition-by-Klein
C
H
S
IV
H
H
O
S
O
O
V
H
26. Which of the following structures have 1+ formal charge on sulfur atom?
H
H
H
H
O
S
H
C
S
H
C
H
H
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
S
C
O
O
H
H
II
I
H
III
C
H
S
IV
H
H
O
S
O
O
V
I
II
III
IV
V
Ans: C
Topic: Identifying Formal Charges
Section: 1.4
Difficulty Level: Easy
27. What are the formal charges on boron and fluorine in the following structure?
F
H
F B N H
H
F
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
B = 1+, N = 1+
B = 1+, N = 1B = 1-, N = 1B = 1-, N = 1+
B = 1-, N = 0
Ans: D
Topic: Identifying Formal Charges
Section: 1.4
Difficulty Level: Easy
28. What are the formal charges on boron and oxygen in the following structure?
H H
F C H
F B O
F C H
H H
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
B = 1-, O = 1B = 1-, O = 1+
B = 1+, O = 1+
B = 1+, O = 1B = 1-, O = 0
Ans: B
Topic: Identifying Formal Charges
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Test-Bank-for-Organic-Chemistry-2nd-Edition-by-Klein
H
Section: 1.4
Difficulty Level: Medium
29. Which of the following structures have 1+ formal charge on the central atom?
H
H
H
H
..
..
..
..
H : Be : H
H:B:H
H:N:H
H:N:H
H:O:H
..
..
..
..
H
H
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
I
I
II
III
III & V
IV & V
Ans: E
II
IV
III
V
Topic: Identifying Formal Charges
Section: 1.4
Difficulty Level: Medium
30. Which of the following structures have formal charge on at least one atom?
H
H
N
F
I
H
O
O
II
H
H
C
F
H
III H
O
IV
B
O
H
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
I
II
III
IV
None of these
Ans: A
Topic: Identifying Formal Charges
Section: 1.4, 1.3
Difficulty Level: Medium
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Test-Bank-for-Organic-Chemistry-2nd-Edition-by-Klein
O
H
31. Which of the following structures have 1- formal charge on nitrogen atom?
H
H
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
H
C
N
C
H
H
H
I
I
II
III
IV
V
Ans: B
H
H
H
C
H
N
H
II
H
H
H
C
N
H
H
H
H
III
C
H
N
C
H
H
IV
H
H
O
N
V
H
H
Topic: Identifying Formal Charges
Section: 1.4
Difficulty Level: Medium
32.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The bonding pattern of oxygen with a formal charge of –1 could be described as:
One lone pair of electrons and three single bonds
Two lone pairs of electrons and two single bonds
Three lone pairs of electrons, and one single bond
One lone pair of electrons, one single, and one double bond
Zero lone pairs, and two single and one double bond
Ans: C
Topic: Identifying Formal Charges
Section: 1.4, 1.3
Difficulty Level: Medium
33. In ammonium ion, nitrogen has a valence of 4, and zero nonbonding electrons. What is
the correct formal charge of nitrogen with 4 covalent bonds?
A) 2B) 2+
C) 1D) 1+
E) 0
Ans: D
Topic: Identifying Formal Charges
Section: 1.4, 1.3
Difficulty Level: Medium
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Test-Bank-for-Organic-Chemistry-2nd-Edition-by-Klein
34. What is the correct Lewis structure for nitric acid (HNO3) including the formal charges?
H
O
O
N
O
O
H
I
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
N
O
O
H
II
N
O
O
H
O
III
O
O
N
O
IV
I
II
III
IV
None of these
Ans: D
Topic: Identifying Formal Charges
Section: 1.4, 1.3
Difficulty Level: Medium
35. What is the correct Lewis structure for hydrocyanic acid (HCN) including the formal
charges, if any?
H
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
C
I
I
II
III
IV
V
Ans: B
N
H
C
II
N
H
C
N
III
H
C
IV
N
H
C
N
V
Topic: Identifying Formal Charges
Section: 1.4, 1.3
Difficulty Level: Hard
36. What is the correct Lewis structure for SCN— including the formal charges, if any?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
I
II
III
IV
V
Ans: A
Topic: Identifying Formal Charges
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Test-Bank-for-Organic-Chemistry-2nd-Edition-by-Klein
Section: 1.4, 1.3
Difficulty Level: Hard
37. What is the correct Lewis structure for N2O including the formal charges, if any?
N
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
N
O
N
N
O
N
II
I
N
O
N
N
O
N
O
V
IV
III
I
II
III
IV
V
Ans: B
N
Topic: Identifying Formal Charges
Section: 1.4, 1.3
Difficulty Level: Hard
38. What is the correct Lewis structure for hydrazoic acid (HN3) including the formal
charges, if any?
H
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
N
N
I
II
III
IV
V
Ans: A
N
H
N
N
II
I
N
H
N
N
N
III
H
N
N
IV
Topic: Identifying Formal Charges
Section: 1.4, 1.3
Difficulty Level: Medium
39. Draw Lewis structure for NH2CN including formal charges, if any?
Ans:
H
N
C
N
H
Topic: Identifying Formal Charges
Section: 1.4, 1.3
Difficulty Level: Medium
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Test-Bank-for-Organic-Chemistry-2nd-Edition-by-Klein
N
H
N
N
V
N
40. Draw Lewis structure for –CH2CN including formal charges?
Ans:
H
C
C
N
H
Topic: Identifying Formal Charges
Section: 1.4, 1.3
Difficulty Level: Medium
41. Draw Lewis structure for ozone (O3,) including formal charges, if any?
Ans:
O
O
O
Topic: Induction and Polar Covalent bond
Section: 1.5
Difficulty Level: Easy
42.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The electronegativity of elements on the periodic table tends to increase_______.
From left to right, top to bottom
From right to left, bottom to top
From left to right, bottom to top
From right to left, top to bottom
F
Ans: C
Topic: Induction and Polar Covalent bond
Section: 1.5
Difficulty Level: Easy
43.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Which of the following is the least electronegative element?
B
C
N
O
F
Ans: A
Topic: Induction and Polar Covalent bond
Section: 1.5
Difficulty Level: Easy
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Test-Bank-for-Organic-Chemistry-2nd-Edition-by-Klein
44.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Which of the following is the most electronegative element?
B
C
N
O
H
Ans: D
Topic: Induction and Polar Covalent bond
Section: 1.5
Difficulty Level: Easy
45.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Which of the following is the least electronegative element?
P
N
Mg
Si
K
Ans: E
Topic: Induction and Polar Covalent bond
Section: 1.5
Difficulty Level: Easy
46.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Which of the following is the most electronegative element?
P
N
S
O
F
Ans: E
Topic: Induction and Polar Covalent bond
Section: 1.5
Difficulty Level: Easy
47.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
What is the correct order of increasing electronegativity for Rb, F and O?
Rb < F < O
Rb < O < F
O < F < Rb
F < Rb < O
None of these
Ans: B
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Topic: Induction and Polar Covalent bond
Section: 1.5
Difficulty Level: Medium
48. Which of the following series has the correct order of elements in increasing
electronegativity?
A) C < N < B < Br
B) P < N < As < F
C) Li < B < N < F
D) Cl < Cs < C < Co
E) Be < B < Ba < Br
Ans: C
Topic: Induction and Polar Covalent bond
Section: 1.5
Difficulty Level: Easy
49.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The Cl—Cl bond is best described as___________.
Nonpolar covalent
Polar covalent
Ionic
Coordinate covalent
None of these
Ans: A
Topic: Induction and Polar Covalent bond
Section: 1.5
Difficulty Level: Easy
50.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The C—Cl bond is best described as___________.
Nonpolar covalent
Polar covalent
Ionic
Coordinate covalent
None of these
Ans: B
Topic: Induction and Polar Covalent bond
Section: 1.5
Difficulty Level: Easy
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Test-Bank-for-Organic-Chemistry-2nd-Edition-by-Klein
51.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The bond between potassium and oxygen is best described as___________.
Nonpolar covalent
Polar covalent
Ionic
Coordinate covalent
None of these
Ans: C
Topic: Induction and Polar Covalent bond
Section: 1.5
Difficulty Level: Easy
52.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The bond between carbon and hydrogen is best described as___________.
Nonpolar covalent
Polar covalent
Ionic
Coordinate covalent
None of these
Ans: A
Topic: Induction and Polar Covalent bond
Section: 1.5
Difficulty Level: Easy
53. Which of the following is the correct depiction of induction for a C—F bond?
C
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
F
I
C
F
II
C
III
F
C
IV
I
II
III
IV
None of these
Ans: A
Topic: Induction and Polar Covalent bond
Section: 1.5
Difficulty Level: Easy
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Test-Bank-for-Organic-Chemistry-2nd-Edition-by-Klein
F
54. Which of the following is the correct representation of dipole for P—Cl bond?
δ+
P
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
δ+
Cl
δ−
δ+
P
Cl
II
I
δ+
P
δ−
Cl
III
δ−
δ−
P
Cl
IV
δ
δ
P
Cl
V
I
II
III
IV
V
Ans: C
Topic: Induction and Polar Covalent bond
Section: 1.5
Difficulty Level: Easy
55. Which of the following is the correct representation of partial charges at the indicated
atoms?
II
O
III
I
Cl
C
H
C
H
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
C
H
H
H
I = δ+; II = δ+; III = δ+
I = δ–; II = δ–; III = δ–
I = δ+; II = δ+; III = δ–
I = δ–; II = δ–; III = δ+
I = δ+; II = δ–; III = δ+
Ans: D
Topic: Induction and Polar Covalent bond
Section: 1.5
Difficulty Level: Medium
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Test-Bank-for-Organic-Chemistry-2nd-Edition-by-Klein
56. Which atom has the most δ+ in the following compound?
Br
H
C
O
N
Br
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
N
O
Br
H
C
Ans: E
Topic: Induction and Polar Covalent bond
Section: 1.5
Difficulty Level: Medium
57. Which of the following statements best describes the C—Cl bond in the following
compound?
H
Cl
H
C
H
C
H
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
C
H
H
H
nonpolar; no dipole
polar; δ+ at carbon and δ– at chlorine
polar; δ– at carbon and δ+ at chlorine
ionic
None of these
Ans: B
Topic: Induction and Polar Covalent bond
Section: 1.5
Difficulty Level: Medium
58.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Which of the following compounds have both polar covalent and ionic bonds?
NH4Br
H2O2
HCN
H2S
None of these
Ans: A
Topic: Induction and Polar Covalent bond
Section: 1.5
Difficulty Level: Medium
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Test-Bank-for-Organic-Chemistry-2nd-Edition-by-Klein
59. For the following compound identify the polar covalent bonds and indicate the direction
of dipole moment using δ+ and δ-.
O
Cl
C
H
C
H
C
H
Ans:
H
H
O
δ−
Cl
δ−
C δ+
δ+
H
C
H
C
H
H
H
Topic: Induction and Polar Covalent bond
Section: 1.5
Difficulty Level: Medium
60. For the following compound identify the polar covalent bonds and indicate the direction
of dipole moment using δ+ and δ-.
O
Cl
C
C
H
H
N
H
H
Ans:
Topic: Induction and Polar Covalent bond
Section: 1.5, 1.3, 1.4
Difficulty Level: Medium
61. For NaSCH3, identify each bond as polar covalent, nonpolar covalent or ionic.
polar covalent
Ans:
H
Na
S
C
H
nonpolar covalent
H
ionic
Topic: Induction and Polar Covalent bond
Section: 1.5
Difficulty Level: Medium
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Test-Bank-for-Organic-Chemistry-2nd-Edition-by-Klein
62. For the following compound, identify each bond as polar covalent, nonpolar covalent or
ionic and place a δ+ on the most electropositive carbon.
O
C
F
H
C
H
Ans:
H
polar covalent
O
δ+ F
C
H
C
H
H
polar covalent
nonpolar covalent
Topic: Atomic Orbitals
Section: 1.6
Difficulty Level: Easy
63. Orbitals with the same energy are called___________.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Quantum orbitals
Atomic orbitals
Antibonding orbitals
Bonding orbitals
Degenerate orbitals
Ans: E
Topic: Atomic Orbitals
Section: 1.6
Difficulty Level: Easy
64. What is the letter designation for the following atomic orbital?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
s
p
d
f
g
Ans: B
Topic: Atomic Orbitals
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Test-Bank-for-Organic-Chemistry-2nd-Edition-by-Klein
Section: 1.6
Difficulty Level: Easy
65. What is the letter designation for the following atomic orbital?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
s
p
d
f
g
Ans: C
Topic: Atomic Orbitals
Section: 1.6
Difficulty Level: Easy
66.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
In quantum mechanics a node (nodal surface or plane) is:
location where ψ is negative
location where ψ is positive
location where ψ2 is positive
location where ψ2 is negative
location where ψ is zero
Ans: E
Topic: Atomic Orbitals
Section: 1.6
Difficulty Level: Easy
67. Which of the following principle states that “Each orbital can accommodate a maximum
of two electrons with opposite spin”?
A) Aufbau principle
B) Pauli exclusion principle
C) Hund’s Rule
D) Heizenberg Uncertainty principle
E) Le Chatelier principle
Ans: B
Topic: Atomic Orbitals
Section: 1.6
Difficulty Level: Easy
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Test-Bank-for-Organic-Chemistry-2nd-Edition-by-Klein
68. Which of the following principle states “When orbitals of equal energy are available,
every orbital gets one electron before any gets two electrons”?
A) Aufbau principle
B) Pauli exclusion principle
C) Hund’s Rule
D) Heizenberg Uncertainty principle
E) Le Chatelier principle
Ans: C
Topic: Atomic Orbitals
Section: 1.6
Difficulty Level: Easy
69.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Which of the following represents ground state electron configuration for phosphorous?
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1 3p4
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p3
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p2
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5
Ans: C
Topic: Atomic Orbitals
Section: 1.6
Difficulty Level: Easy
70. The atomic number for nitrogen is 7. Which of the following represents ground state
electron configuration for nitrogen?
A) 1s2 2s1 2p4
B) 1s2 2p5
C) 2s2 2p5
D) 1s2 2s2 2p3
E) 1s2 2s2 3s3
Ans: D
Topic: Atomic Orbitals
Section: 1.6
Difficulty Level: Easy
71.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Which element has the electron configuration 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5?
oxygen
fluorine
sulfur
chlorine
bromine
Ans: D
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Test-Bank-for-Organic-Chemistry-2nd-Edition-by-Klein
Topic: Atomic Orbitals
Section: 1.6
Difficulty Level: Easy
72.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Which element has the electron configuration 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p3?
Cl
S
P
Al
N
Ans: C
Topic: Atomic Orbitals
Section: 1.6
Difficulty Level: Medium
73.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
What is the electronic configuration for the nitride ion?
1s2 2s2 2p0
1s2 2s2 2p2
1s2 2s22p3
1s2 2s22p4
1s2 2s2 2p6
Ans: E
Topic: Atomic Orbitals
Section: 1.6
Difficulty Level: Medium
74.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
What is the electronic configuration for the magnesium ion?
1s2 2s2 2p63s2
1s2 2s2 2p6
1s2 2s22p4
1s2 2s22p63s1
1s2 2s2 2p63s22p2
Ans: B
Topic: Atomic Orbitals
Section: 1.6
Difficulty Level: Medium
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Test-Bank-for-Organic-Chemistry-2nd-Edition-by-Klein
75.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
What is the electronic configuration for the oxide ion?
1s2 2s2 2p6
1s2 2s2 2p2
1s2 2s22p4
1s2 2s02p6
1s2 2s2 2p63s22p2
Ans: A
Topic: Atomic Orbitals
Section: 1.6
Difficulty Level: Medium
76. Which element has the following electronic configuration?
1s
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
2s
2p
boron
carbon
silicon
nitrogen
fluorine
Ans: D
Topic: Atomic Orbitals
Section: 1.6
Difficulty Level: Medium
77. Which element has the following electronic configuration?
1s
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
2s
2p
boron
carbon
silicon
nitrogen
fluorine
Ans: E
Topic: Atomic Orbitals
Section: 1.6
Difficulty Level: Medium
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Test-Bank-for-Organic-Chemistry-2nd-Edition-by-Klein
78. The following ground state electron configuration violates ___.
1s
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
2s
2p
the Aufbau principle
the Pauli Exclusion principle
Hund’s Rule
Heisenberg’s Uncertainty principle
None of these
Ans: C
Topic: Atomic Orbitals
Section: 1.6
Difficulty Level: Medium
79. The following ground state electron configuration violates ____.
1s
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
2s
2p
the Aufbau principle
the Pauli Exclusion principle
Hund’s Rule
Heisenberg’s Uncertainty principle
None of these
Ans: A
Topic: Atomic Orbitals
Section: 1.6
Difficulty Level: Medium
80. The following ground state electron configuration violates ____.
1s
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
2s
2p
the Aufbau principle
the Pauli Exclusion principle
Hund’s Rule
Heisenberg’s Uncertainty principle
None of these
Ans: B
Topic: Atomic Orbitals
Section: 1.6
Difficulty Level: Medium
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Test-Bank-for-Organic-Chemistry-2nd-Edition-by-Klein
81. Ar, K+, and Cl– have equal numbers of electrons, and are considered isoelectronic.
Provide the ground state electron configuration for them.
Ans: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6
Topic: Valence Bond Theory
Section: 1.7
Difficulty Level: Easy
82.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Constructive interference of waves results in_______.
a wave with smaller amplitude
a wave with larger amplitude
cancellation of both waves
formation of a node
Both C & D
Ans: B
Topic: Valence Bond Theory
Section: 1.7
Difficulty Level: Easy
83.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Destructive interference of waves results in_______.
a wave with smaller amplitude
a wave with larger amplitude
cancellation of both waves
formation of a node
Both C& D
Ans: E
Topic: Valence Bond Theory
Section: 1.7
Difficulty Level: Easy
84.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
All single bonds can be classified as:
nonpolar covalent
polar covalent
ionic
σ bonds
π bonds
Ans: D
Topic: Valence Bond Theory
Section: 1.7
Difficulty Level: Easy
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Test-Bank-for-Organic-Chemistry-2nd-Edition-by-Klein
85.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Which of the bonding type has circular symmetry with respect to the bond axis?
σ bond
π bond
δ bond
covalent bond
ionic bond
Ans: A
Topic: Molecular orbital Theory
Section: 1.8
Difficulty Level: Medium
86.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The difference between valence bond theory and molecular orbital (MO) theory is:
valence bond theory requires the linear combination of atomic orbitals
MO theory requires the linear combination of atomic orbitals
valence bond theory considers only individual atomic orbitals
Both A & B
Both B & C
Ans: E
Topic: Molecular orbital Theory
Section: 1.8
Difficulty Level: Medium
87. How many molecular orbitals are formed, when the 1s orbitals of two hydrogen atoms
combine to form a hydrogen molecule?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5
Ans: B
Topic: Molecular orbital Theory
Section: 1.8
Difficulty Level: Medium
88. Which molecular orbitals are formed, when the 1s orbitals of two hydrogen atoms
combine to form a hydrogen molecule?
A) Two bonding molecular orbitals
B) Only one bonding molecular orbital
C) One bonding and one antibonding molecular orbital
D) Two antibonding molecular orbitals
E) Only one antibonding orbital
Ans: C
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Test-Bank-for-Organic-Chemistry-2nd-Edition-by-Klein
Topic: Molecular orbital Theory
Section: 1.8
Difficulty Level: Medium
89. How are electrons distributed in the molecular orbitals, when the 1s orbitals of two
hydrogen atoms combine to form a hydrogen molecule?
A) 2 electrons in the bonding molecular orbital
B) 1 electron in the bonding molecular orbital, 1 electron in the non–bonding molecular
orbital
C) 1 electron in the bonding molecular orbital, 1 electron in the antibonding molecular
orbital
D) 2 electrons in the antibonding molecular orbital
E) 2 electrons in the non–bonding molecular orbital
Ans: A
Topic: Molecular orbital Theory
Section: 1.8
Difficulty Level: Easy
90. According to molecular orbital theory the highest energy molecular orbital that is
occupied with an electron is referred to as:
A) degenerate
B) antibonding
C) the LCAO
D) the LUMO
E) the HOMO
Ans: E
Topic: Molecular orbital Theory
Section: 1.8
Difficulty Level: Easy
91. According to molecular orbital theory the lowest energy molecular orbital that is
unoccupied with an electron is referred to as:
A) degenerate
B) antibonding
C) the LCAO
D) the LUMO
E) the HOMO
Ans: D
Topic: Molecular orbital Theory
Section: 1.8
Difficulty Level: Hard
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Test-Bank-for-Organic-Chemistry-2nd-Edition-by-Klein
92. Which of the following statement is incorrect, when the 1s atomic orbitals of two
hydrogen atoms results in constructive interference?
A) A sigma bonding molecular orbital is formed
B) The bonding molecular orbital formed is lower in energy than the 1s atomic orbital
C) The bonding molecular orbital formed has a node between the atoms
D) The bonding molecular orbital formed has circular symmetry
E) A maximum of two electrons may occupy the bonding molecular orbital
Ans: C
Topic: Molecular orbital Theory
Section: 1.8
Difficulty Level: Hard
93. Which of the following molecules could not exist, according to the molecular orbital
theory?
A) He2
B) H2+
C) Li2
D) He2+
E) N2
Ans: A
Topic: Molecular orbital Theory
Section: 1.8
Difficulty Level: Medium
94. According to molecular orbital theory, the constructive interference of two atomic
orbitals results in_______.
Ans: bonding molecular orbital
Topic: Molecular orbital Theory
Section: 1.8
Difficulty Level: Medium
95. According to molecular orbital theory, the destructive interference of two atomic
orbitals results in_______.
Ans: antibonding molecular orbital
Topic: Molecular orbital Theory
Section: 1.8
Difficulty Level: Medium
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Test-Bank-for-Organic-Chemistry-2nd-Edition-by-Klein
96. Interaction of the following two atomic orbitals results in what kind of molecular
orbital, in the orientation shown?
+
Ans: σ bonding molecular orbital
Topic: Molecular orbital Theory
Section: 1.8
Difficulty Level: Medium
+
97. Interaction of the following two atomic orbitals results in what kind of molecular
orbital, in the orientation shown?
Ans: π bonding molecular orbital
Topic: Molecular orbital Theory
Section: 1.8
Difficulty Level: Medium
+
98. Interaction of the following two atomic orbitals results in what kind of molecular
orbital, in the orientation shown?
Ans: π∗ antibonding molecular orbital
Topic: Hybridized Atomic orbitals
Section: 1.9
Difficulty Level: Easy
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Test-Bank-for-Organic-Chemistry-2nd-Edition-by-Klein
99. What is the hybridization state of the oxygen atom in the following compound?
H
H
C
O
H
H
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
sp
sp2
sp3
sp3d
s2 p
Ans: C
Topic: Hybridized Atomic orbitals
Section: 1.9
Difficulty Level: Easy
100. What is the hybridization state of the nitrogen atom in the following compound?
H
H
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
C
N
H
H
H
sp
sp2
sp3
sp3d
s2 p
Ans: C
Topic: Hybridized Atomic orbitals
Section: 1.9
Difficulty Level: Easy
101. What is the hybridization state of the boron atom in the following compound?
F
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
F
B
F
sp
sp2
sp3
sp3d
s2 p
Ans: B
Topic: Hybridized Atomic orbitals
Section: 1.9
Difficulty Level: Easy
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Test-Bank-for-Organic-Chemistry-2nd-Edition-by-Klein
102. What is the hybridization state of the carbon (I) atom in the following compound?
H
I
C
N
H
C
H
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
H
H
sp
sp2
sp3
sp3d
sp3d2
Ans: B
Topic: Hybridized Atomic orbitals
Section: 1.9
Difficulty Level: Easy
103. What is the hybridization state of the nitrogen atom in the following compound?
H
C
N
H
C
H
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
O
H
H
sp
sp2
sp3
sp4
s2 p
Ans: B
Topic: Hybridized Atomic orbitals
Section: 1.9
Difficulty Level: Easy
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Test-Bank-for-Organic-Chemistry-2nd-Edition-by-Klein
104. The lone pairs of electrons of the nitrogen atom are located in which orbitals?
H
C
N
H
C
H
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
O
H
H
sp2
sp3
sp
s
p
Ans: A
Topic: Hybridized Atomic orbitals
Section: 1.9
Difficulty Level: Medium
105. Which of the following structures have carbon with sp2 hybridization state?
H
H
C
H
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
I
H
H
H
C
II
H
H
III
C
H
H
H
C
IV
I & II
III & IV
I & III
II & IV
I & IV
Ans: E
Topic: Hybridized Atomic orbitals
Section: 1.9
Difficulty Level: Medium
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Test-Bank-for-Organic-Chemistry-2nd-Edition-by-Klein
H
106. Which of the indicated carbon atoms have sp2 hybridization state in the following
compound?
H
H
O
C
C
C
C
C
H
H
I
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
H
H
IV
III
II
I & II
III & IV
II & III
I & III
II & IV
Ans: D
H
H
Topic: Hybridized Atomic orbitals
Section: 1.9
Difficulty Level: Medium
107. What is the correct order of hybridization state for the numbered carbon atoms in the
following compound?
H
H
H
H
H
C
C
C
C
C
C
H
C
H
H
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
3
I
H
2
H
II
III
I = sp , II = sp , III = sp
I = sp2, II = sp, III = sp2
I = sp, II = sp2, III = sp3
I = sp, II = sp2, III = sp
I = sp2, II = sp3, III = sp2
Ans: C
Topic: Hybridized Atomic orbitals
Section: 1.9
Difficulty Level: Medium
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Test-Bank-for-Organic-Chemistry-2nd-Edition-by-Klein
108. How many s—sp2 sigma bonds are in the following compound?
H
H
H
C
H
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
H
C
C
C
C
H
H
H
2
3
4
5
6
Ans: D
Topic: Hybridized Atomic orbitals
Section: 1.9
Difficulty Level: Medium
109. The C1—C2 bond in the following compound results from the overlap of which orbitals?
H
H
O
1
C
C
H
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
2
C
C
H
H
2
H
C
H
H
sp–sp
sp–sp3
sp2–sp2
sp2–sp3
sp3–sp2
Ans: E
Topic: Hybridized Atomic orbitals
Section: 1.9
Difficulty Level: Medium
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Test-Bank-for-Organic-Chemistry-2nd-Edition-by-Klein
110. The σ bond that is part of C=C in the following compound results from the overlap of
which orbitals?
H
H
O
C
C
C
H
H
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
H
C
C
H
H
H
2
sp–sp
sp–sp3
sp2–sp2
sp2–sp3
sp3–sp2
Ans: C
Topic: Hybridized Atomic orbitals
Section: 1.9
Difficulty Level: Easy
111.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The C—C σ bond in ethyne (H—C≡C—H), results from the overlap of which orbitals?
sp–sp
sp–sp3
sp2–sp2
sp–s
p–p
Ans: A
Topic: Hybridized Atomic orbitals
Section: 1.9
Difficulty Level: Easy
112. How many π bonds are present in the following compound?
H
H
O
C
C
C
H
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
H
C
H
C
H
H
H
one
two
three
four
five
Ans: B
Topic: Hybridized Atomic orbitals
Section: 1.9
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Test-Bank-for-Organic-Chemistry-2nd-Edition-by-Klein
Difficulty Level: Medium
113. How many π bonds are present in the following compound?
H
H
H
H
H
C
C
H
H
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
H
C
C
C
C
H
H
H
H
H
H
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
two
three
four
five
six
Ans: E
Topic: Hybridized Atomic orbitals
Section: 1.9
Difficulty Level: Medium
114. How many σ bonds are present in the following compound?
H
H
H
H
H
C
C
H
H
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
H
C
C
C
H
C
H
H
H
H
H
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
20
22
24
25
27
Ans: E
Topic: Hybridized Atomic orbitals
Section: 1.9
Difficulty Level: Medium
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Test-Bank-for-Organic-Chemistry-2nd-Edition-by-Klein
115. The σ bond that is part of C=N in the following compound results from the overlap of
which orbitals?
H
C
N
H
C
H
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
H
O
H
sp2–sp2
sp–sp
sp2–sp3
sp3–sp3
sp3–sp2
Ans: A
Topic: Hybridized Atomic orbitals
Section: 1.9
Difficulty Level: Medium
116. The bonds indicated by the arrow in the following compound results from the overlap of
which orbitals?
H
H
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
C
2
H
C
2
H
C
C
C
H
H
sp –sp
sp3–sp3
p–p
Both A & B
Both A & C
Ans: E
Topic: Hybridized Atomic orbitals
Section: 1.9
Difficulty Level: Medium
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Test-Bank-for-Organic-Chemistry-2nd-Edition-by-Klein
117. Which orbitals are involved in the C—O, σ bond in acetone, shown below?
O
H
C
H
C
H
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
C
H
2
2
H
H
Csp —Osp
Csp3—Osp3
Csp—Osp
Cp—Op
Csp—Op
Ans: A
Topic: Hybridized Atomic orbitals
Section: 1.9
Difficulty Level: Medium
118. Which of the following best describes the orbitals involved in the formation of C=O
bond in acetone, shown below?
O
H
C
H
C
H
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
C
H
H
H
σ = C sp 2 – O sp 2 and π = C sp 2 − O sp 2
σ = C sp 2 – O sp 2 and π = C p − O p
σ = C sp 3 – O sp 2 and π = C p − O p
σ = C p – O p and π = C sp 2 − O sp 2
σ = C sp – O sp and π = C p − O p
Ans: B
Topic: Hybridized Atomic orbitals
Section: 1.9
Difficulty Level: Medium
119.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The C—H bond in the methyl cation, CH3+, results from the overlap of which orbitals?
sp3–sp2
sp3–sp3
sp2–s
sp3–p
p–s
Ans: C
Topic: Hybridized Atomic orbitals
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Test-Bank-for-Organic-Chemistry-2nd-Edition-by-Klein
Section: 1.9
Difficulty Level: Medium
120.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The lone pair of electrons in the methyl anion, CH3—, resides in which orbitals?
s2
p
sp
sp3
sp2
Ans: D
Topic: Hybridized Atomic orbitals
Section: 1.9
Difficulty Level: Hard
121. What is the hybridization state of the indicated atoms in the following compound?
H
O
C
N
C
H
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
I
II
III
H
IV
I – sp ; II – sp2 ; III – sp3 ; IV – sp2
I – sp2 ; II – sp ; III – sp2 ; IV – sp3
I – sp3 ; II – sp2 ; III – sp ; IV – sp2
I – sp2 ; II – sp3 ; III – sp2 ; IV – sp
I – sp2 ; II – sp2 ; III – sp2 ; IV – sp3
Ans: B
Topic: Hybridized Atomic orbitals
Section: 1.9, 1.3
Difficulty Level: Hard
122. The carbon and oxygen atoms in carbon monoxide are connected by which type of
bond(s)?
A) A sigma (σ) bond
B) Two sigma (σ) bonds
C) A pi (π) bond
D) Two pi (π) bonds
E) Both A and D
Ans: E
Topic: Hybridized Atomic orbitals
Section: 1.9
Difficulty Level: Medium
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Test-Bank-for-Organic-Chemistry-2nd-Edition-by-Klein
123. The N—H bond in the following compound is a _____ and is formed from the _____.
H
H
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
C
N
H
H
H
σ bond; sp2 – s orbital overlap
σ bond; sp3 – s orbital overlap
π bond; sp3 – s orbital overlap
π bond; sp2 – p orbital overlap
π bond; p – p orbital overlap
Ans: B
Topic: Hybridized Atomic orbitals
Section: 1.9
Difficulty Level: Easy
124. Which is the shortest bond in the following compound?
H
H
C
C
H
H
I
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
C
C
C
H
H
II
III
IV
I
II
III
IV
I & III have the same length
Ans: C
Topic: Hybridized Atomic orbitals
Section: 1.9
Difficulty Level: Easy
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Test-Bank-for-Organic-Chemistry-2nd-Edition-by-Klein
125. Which of the following compounds contains the shortest carbon–carbon bond?
H
H
H
C
C
H
H
H
H
C
C
H
H
I
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
H
H
H
H
C
C
C
H
H
H
H
III
II
I
II
III
IV
All of these
Ans: D
H
H
C
IV
Topic: Hybridized Atomic orbitals
Section: 1.9
Difficulty Level: Medium
126. Compare the bond length and strength for the following compounds.
H
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
I
C
C
H
H
H
H
C
C
H
II
The shortest and strongest bond is found in compound I
The shortest and strongest bond is found in compound II
The shortest and weakest bond is found in compound I
The shortest and weakest bond is found in compound II
The bonds are of identical length and strength
Ans: B
Topic: Hybridized Atomic orbitals
Section: 1.9
Difficulty Level: Medium
127. Which is the longest C—C bond in the following compound?
H
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
C
C
H
H
I
II
III
I & III
All of these
Ans: C
C
I
C
II
H
H
C
C
H
H
H
III
Topic: Hybridized Atomic orbitals
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Test-Bank-for-Organic-Chemistry-2nd-Edition-by-Klein
C
H
Section: 1.9
Difficulty Level: Medium
128. Rank the indicated C—C bonds in increasing order of bond length.
H
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
C
C
H
H
I<II<III
II<III<I
III<I<II
II<I<III
I<III<II
Ans: A
C
I
C
II
H
H
C
C
H
H
H
III
Topic: Hybridized Atomic orbitals
Section: 1.9
Difficulty Level: Medium
129. For the hydrogen halides, which is the correct sequence for a) the molecule with the
weakest bond, b) the molecule with the shortest bond, and c) the molecule with the most
polar bond?
A) HF
HI
HBr
B) HI
HBr HCl
C) HBr HI
HF
D) HI
HF
HF
E) HCl HBr HI
Ans: D
Topic: Hybridized Atomic orbitals
Section: 1.9
Difficulty Level: Hard
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Test-Bank-for-Organic-Chemistry-2nd-Edition-by-Klein
130. Rank the indicated bonds in decreasing order of bond length.
H
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
C
C
H
H
C
C
H
H
H
C
C
C
N
C
H
H
H
H
H
O
H
IV
III
II
I
H
I>II>III>IV
II>III>IV>I
IV>III>II>I
III>IV>I>II
II>I>III>IV
Ans: B
Topic: VSEPR Theory: Predicting Geometry
Section: 1.10
Difficulty Level: Easy
131.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The molecular geometry of carbon tetrachloride, CCl4, is best described as:
tetrahedral
trigonal planar
trigonal pyramidal
square planar
linear
Ans: A
Topic: VSEPR Theory: Predicting Geometry
Section: 1.10
Difficulty Level: Easy
132. Which of the following compounds have trigonal planar molecular geometry?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
F
B
I
F
F
H
II
O
H
H
H
III
C
H
I
II
III
IV
I & IV
Ans: A
Topic: VSEPR Theory: Predicting Geometry
Section: 1.10
Difficulty Level: Easy
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Test-Bank-for-Organic-Chemistry-2nd-Edition-by-Klein
H
F
IV
N
F
F
133. Which of the following compounds have trigonal pyramidal molecular geometry?
H
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
F
B
I
F
F
H
O
H
H
II
III
C
F
H
H
N
F
F
IV
I
II
III
IV
I & IV
Ans: D
Topic: VSEPR Theory: Predicting Geometry
Section: 1.10
Difficulty Level: Easy
134. Which of the following compounds have bent molecular geometry?
H
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
F
B
I
F
F
H
O
H
H
II
C
F
H
H
III
N
IV
F
F
I
II
III
IV
I & IV
Ans: B
Topic: VSEPR Theory: Predicting Geometry
Section: 1.10
Difficulty Level: Medium
135. Which of the following compounds have trigonal planar molecular geometry?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
H
C
I
H
H
H
II
O
H
H
F
III
B
F
F
H
IV
I, II & III
II & III
III & V
V only
All of these
Ans: C
Topic: VSEPR Theory: Predicting Geometry
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Test-Bank-for-Organic-Chemistry-2nd-Edition-by-Klein
O
H
H
C
V
H
H
Section: 1.10
Difficulty Level: Medium
136. Which of the following compounds have tetrahedral electron geometry?
H
C
I
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
H
H
O
II
H
H
F
III
H
B
F
H
O
H
H
H
V H
IV
F
N
I, II & III
I, II, IV & V
III & IV & V
IV & V
All of these
Ans: B
Topic: VSEPR Theory: Predicting Geometry
Section: 1.10
Difficulty Level: Medium
137. Which of the following compounds have trigonal planar electron geometry?
H
C
I
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
H
H
O
S
II
O
F
III
B
F
H
F
O
H
IV
I, II & III
I, II, IV & V
III & IV & V
II &III
All of these
Ans: D
Topic: VSEPR Theory: Predicting Geometry
Section: 1.10
Difficulty Level: Medium
138.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
What is the molecular geometry at the central atom in CH2Br2?
trigonal planar
trigonal pyramidal
sqaure planar
tetrahedral
None of these
Ans: D
Topic: VSEPR Theory: Predicting Geometry
Section: 1.10
Difficulty Level: Medium
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Test-Bank-for-Organic-Chemistry-2nd-Edition-by-Klein
H
N
V H
H
139.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
What is the molecular geometry at the central atom in SOCl2?
trigonal planar
trigonal pyramidal
sqaure planar
tetrahedral
bent
Ans: B
Topic: VSEPR Theory: Predicting Geometry
Section: 1.10
Difficulty Level: Medium
140. What is the molecular geometry at the nitrogen atom in the following compound?
H
C
N
H
C
H
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
O
H
H
trigonal planar
trigonal pyramidal
linear
tetrahedral
bent
Ans: E
Topic: VSEPR Theory: Predicting Geometry
Section: 1.10
Difficulty Level: Hard
141.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Which compound does not have a linear molecular geometry?
CO2
H2O
HCl
HCN
C2H2
Ans: B
Topic: VSEPR Theory: Predicting Geometry
Section: 1.10
Difficulty Level: Easy
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Test-Bank-for-Organic-Chemistry-2nd-Edition-by-Klein
142. What is the approximate bond angle around the indicated carbon atom?
H
O
H
H
C
C
H
H
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
H
C
600
900
109.50
1200
1800
Ans: D
C
H
H
H
Topic: VSEPR Theory: Predicting Geometry
Section: 1.10
Difficulty Level: Easy
143. What is the approximate bond angle around the indicated carbon atom?
H
H
C
C
O
H
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
600
900
109.50
1200
1800
Ans: E
Topic: VSEPR Theory: Predicting Geometry
Section: 1.10
Difficulty Level: Easy
144. What is the approximate bond angle around the nitrogen atom?
H
C
C
H
H
N
C
C
C
H
H
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
900
109.50
1200
1800
1000
Ans: C
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Test-Bank-for-Organic-Chemistry-2nd-Edition-by-Klein
Topic: VSEPR Theory: Predicting Geometry
Section: 1.10
Difficulty Level: Medium
145.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
What is the approximate bond angle around sulfur atom in SOCl2?
900
109.50
1050
1200
1800
Ans: B
Topic: VSEPR Theory: Predicting Geometry
Section: 1.10
Difficulty Level: Medium
146. What is the hybridization state and approximate bond angle around carbon atom in
HCN?
A) sp2, 1200
B) sp, 1800
C) sp3, 109.50
D) sp3, 1200
E) sp, 1200
Ans: B
Topic: VSEPR Theory: Predicting Geometry
Section: 1.10
Difficulty Level: Medium
147. What is the hybridization state and approximate bond angle around nitrogen in the
following compound?
H
H
H
C
H
C
N
H
H
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
H
H
C
H
sp2, bond angle greater than 109.5°
sp2, bond angle less than 109.5°
sp3, bond angle greater than 109.5°
sp3, bond angle less than 109.50
sp2, bond angle exactly 109.50
Ans: D
Topic: VSEPR Theory: Predicting Geometry
Section: 1.10
Difficulty Level: Medium
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Test-Bank-for-Organic-Chemistry-2nd-Edition-by-Klein
148. What is the hybridization state and approximate bond angle around sulfur in the
following compound?
H
S
H
C
H
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
2
C
H
H
H
sp , bond angle greater than 109.5°
sp2, bond angle less than 109.5°
sp3, bond angle greater than 109.5°
sp3, bond angle less than 109.50
sp2, bond angle exactly 109.50
Ans: D
Topic: VSEPR Theory: Predicting Geometry
Section: 1.10
Difficulty Level: Hard
149.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
What is the hybridization state and molecular geometry around sulfur atom in SOCl2?
sp2, tetrahedral
sp2, trigonal planar
sp3, tetrahedral
sp3, trigonal pyramidal
sp2, trigonal pyramidal
Ans: D
Topic: VSEPR Theory: Predicting Geometry
Section: 1.10
Difficulty Level: Hard
150.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
What is the hybridization state and molecular geometry around carbon atom in COCl2?
sp2, tetrahedral
sp2, trigonal planar
sp3, tetrahedral
sp3, trigonal pyramidal
sp2, trigonal pyramidal
Ans: B
Topic: VSEPR Theory: Predicting Geometry
Section: 1.10
Difficulty Level: Medium
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Test-Bank-for-Organic-Chemistry-2nd-Edition-by-Klein
151. What are the hybridization state, molecular geometry and approximate bond angle for
methyl cation, CH3+?
A) sp2, tetrahedral, 1090
B) sp2, trigonal planar, 1200
C) sp3, tetrahedral, 109.50
D) sp3, trigonal pyramidal, 1200
E) sp2, trigonal pyramidal, 1800
Ans: B
Topic: VSEPR Theory: Predicting Geometry
Section: 1.10
Difficulty Level: Medium
152. What are the hybridization state, molecular geometry and approximate bond angle for
methyl anion, CH3—?
A) sp2, tetrahedral, 1090
B) sp2, trigonal planar, 1200
C) sp3, tetrahedral, 109.50
D) sp3, trigonal pyramidal, 109.50
E) sp2, trigonal pyramidal, 1800
Ans: D
Topic: VSEPR Theory: Predicting Geometry
Section: 1.10
Difficulty Level: Hard
153. Draw Lewis structure for SOCl2 and predict the hybridization state, molecular geometry
and approximate bond angle around the central atom.
O
Ans:
Cl
S
Cl
S: sp3, tetrahedral, 109.50
Topic: VSEPR Theory: Predicting Geometry
Section: 1.10
Difficulty Level: Hard
154. Draw Lewis structure for COCl2 and predict the hybridization state, molecular geometry
and approximate bond angle around the central atom.
O
Ans:
Cl
C
Cl
C: sp2, trigonal planar, 1200
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Test-Bank-for-Organic-Chemistry-2nd-Edition-by-Klein
Topic: VSEPR Theory: Predicting Geometry
Section: 1.10
Difficulty Level: Hard
155. Following is the structure for Propranolol, and antihypertensive drug. What are the
hybridization state, molecular geometry and approximate bond angle at the indicated
nitrogen and oxygen atom in Propranolol?
H
H
H
H
H
H
C
H H
C
O
H
CH3
C
N
H O
H
H
H
CH3
H
H
Ans: N: sp3, trigonal pyramidal, 109.50
O: sp2, bent, 109.50
Topic: VSEPR Theory: Predicting Geometry
Section: 1.10
Difficulty Level: Hard
156. What are the hybridization state, molecular geometry and approximate bond angle at
each nitrogen atom in the following compound?
O
H3C
H
C
O
C
H
CH3
H
N
C
C
C
C
H
II
H
C
N
H
C
H
I
H
H
Ans: N(I): sp2, bent, 1200
N(II): sp2, trigonal planar, 1200
Topic: VSEPR Theory: Predicting Geometry
Section: 1.10
Difficulty Level: Hard
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Test-Bank-for-Organic-Chemistry-2nd-Edition-by-Klein
157. Tryptophan is an essential amino acid important in the synthesis of neurotransmitter
serotonin in the body. What are the hybridization state, molecular geometry and
approximate bond angle at the indicated carbon and nitrogen atoms?
I
II
H
H
C
H
C
O
H
C
O
H
C
C
N
H
C
H
H
IV
C
C
C
H
C
C
H
H
N
III
H
Ans: C(I): sp2, trigonal planar, 1200
C(II): sp3, tetrahedral, 109.50
C(III): sp2, trigonal planar, 1200
N(IV): sp3, trigonal pyramidal, 109.50
Topic: Dipole Moments and Molecular polarity
Section: 1.11
Difficulty Level: Easy
158.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Which of the following covalent bonds has the largest dipole moment?
C—C
C—H
C—O
N—H
H—F
Ans: E
Topic: Dipole Moments and Molecular polarity
Section: 1.11
Difficulty Level: Easy
159.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Which of the following compounds has no dipole moment?
CH4
NH3
HF
HCl
HBr
Ans: A
Topic: Dipole Moments and Molecular polarity
Section: 1.11
Difficulty Level: Easy
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Test-Bank-for-Organic-Chemistry-2nd-Edition-by-Klein
160.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Which of the following compounds has polar covalent bonds?
NH3
Na2O
H2
KF
Both A & C
Ans: A
Topic: Dipole Moments and Molecular polarity
Section: 1.11
Difficulty Level: Medium
161.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Which of the following compounds have net dipole moment?
CBr4
CO2
CH4
H2O
C2H4
Ans: D
Topic: Dipole Moments and Molecular polarity
Section: 1.11
Difficulty Level: Medium
162.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Which of the following compounds does not have dipole moment?
HCl
NCl3
CO
BF3
All have dipole moment
Ans: D
Topic: Dipole Moments and Molecular polarity
Section: 1.11
Difficulty Level: Medium
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Test-Bank-for-Organic-Chemistry-2nd-Edition-by-Klein
163. Which of the following compounds has net dipole moment of zero?
H
F
C
H
H
F
C
C
F
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
H
C
C
H
H
F
C
F
F
III
II
I
C
F
F
H
H
C
IV
Cl
C
F
F
V
I
II
III
IV
V
Ans: A
Topic: Dipole Moments and Molecular polarity
Section: 1.11
Difficulty Level: Medium
164. Which of the following compounds have a dipole moment?
H
H
O
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
C
I
O
N
C
O
II
II
III
II & III
I, II & III
II, III & IV
Ans: E
N
C
III
Topic: Dipole Moments and Molecular polarity
Section: 1.11
Difficulty Level: Medium
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Test-Bank-for-Organic-Chemistry-2nd-Edition-by-Klein
S
C
O
IV
C
H
165. Rank the following compounds in order of decreasing (highest to lowest) dipole
moment.
H
C
F
C
C
F
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
H
F
F
H
C
H
C
F
II
I
H
C
F
F
III
I>II>III
II>III>I
I>III>II
III>II>I
II>I>III
Ans: D
Topic: Dipole Moments and Molecular polarity
Section: 1.11
Difficulty Level: Hard
166. Rank the following compounds in order of decreasing (highest to lowest) dipole
moment.
H
H
H
C
C
H
H
I
C
C
C
H
H
H
H
C
C
O
C
C
H
C
C
C
H
H
H
I>II>III
II>III>I
I>III>II
III>I>II
II>I>III
Ans: D
H
C
C
H
O
H
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
H
C
C
H
H
C
C
H
O
O
O
H
O
II
Topic: Dipole Moments and Molecular polarity
Section: 1.11
Difficulty Level: Medium
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Test-Bank-for-Organic-Chemistry-2nd-Edition-by-Klein
H
H
H
III
167. Which of the following compounds have a dipole moment? Indicate the direction of
dipole moment.
H
F
C
H
C
Cl
C
F
H
C
F
H
II
I
Ans: Compound I has no dipole moment.
Compound II has dipole moment.
H
Cl
C
C
F
H
II
Topic: Dipole Moments and Molecular polarity
Section: 1.11
Difficulty Level: Medium
168. Which of the following compounds have a dipole moment? Indicate the direction of
dipole moment.
Br
Br
H
C
H
H
C
C
H
C
C
C
C
C
H
C
H
H
H
C
F
Br
I
II
Ans: Compound II has no dipole moment.
Compound I has a dipole moment.
Br
Br
H
C
C
H
H
C
C
C
C
C
H
C
H
C
H
H
C
F
Br
I
II
H
Topic: Dipole Moments and Molecular polarity
Section: 1.11
Difficulty Level: Medium
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Test-Bank-for-Organic-Chemistry-2nd-Edition-by-Klein
169. BF3 has a no dipole moment.
a) Draw the Lewis structure for BF3, showing all nonbonding electrons.
b) Indicate the polarity of every atom in the structure using δ+ and δ– notation, and
c) explain why the molecule has no net dipole.
δ−
δ+
Ans: δ−
F
B
F
F
δ−
The trigonal planar geometry of BF3 results in the cancellation of individual bond
dipoles, producing a net molecular dipole of zero.
Topic: Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties
Section: 1.12
Difficulty Level: Easy
170.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Which of the intermolecular forces listed below is generally considered the strongest?
London dispersion forces
Fleeting dipole-dipole interactions
Dipole-dipole interactions
Hydrogen bonding
The Vital force
Ans: D
Topic: Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties
Section: 1.12
Difficulty Level: Easy
171.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Which intermolecular force is generally considered the weakest?
Ion-dipole interactions
London dispersion forces
Dipole-dipole interactions
Hydrogen bonding
Covalent bonding
Ans: B
Topic: Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties
Section: 1.12
Difficulty Level: Easy
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Test-Bank-for-Organic-Chemistry-2nd-Edition-by-Klein
172. Which intermolecular force is primarily responsible for base pairing, and stability, of the
double helix in DNA?
A) Ion-dipole interactions
B) London dispersion forces
C) Dipole-dipole interactions
D) Hydrogen bonding
E) Covalent bonding
Ans: D
Topic: Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties
Section: 1.12
Difficulty Level: Easy
173. What is the strongest intermolecular force present in the following compound?
H
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
H
H
H
H
C
C
C
C
H
H
H
H
O
H
Ion-dipole interactions
London dispersion forces
Dipole-dipole interactions
Hydrogen bonding
Covalent bonding
Ans: D
Topic: Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties
Section: 1.12
Difficulty Level: Easy
174. What is the strongest intermolecular force present in the following compound?
H
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
H
H
H
H
C
C
C
C
H
H
H
H
S
H
Ion-dipole interactions
London dispersion forces
Dipole-dipole interactions
Hydrogen bonding
Covalent bonding
Ans: C
Topic: Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties
Section: 1.12
Difficulty Level: Medium
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Test-Bank-for-Organic-Chemistry-2nd-Edition-by-Klein
175. Which of the following statements best explains the observation that HF has the highest
boiling point of all the hydrogen halides?
A) The fluorine in HF is the smallest atom for all of the halogens
B) Fluorine is the most electronegative of the atoms
C) HF can participate in hydrogen bonding
D) HF is very reactive and can react and dissolve glass
E) HF is a weak acid, and doesn’t completely dissociate
Ans: C
Topic: Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties
Section: 1.12
Difficulty Level: Medium
176. Which of the following compounds have the greatest fleeting dipole interactions
between like molecules?
H
H
H
H
H
H C H
C
C
H
H
C
H
C
H
H
H C
H
H
H H
H
C
C C
H
H
H
H
C
H
C
C
H
H
H C H
H
H
H
II
I
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
C
H H
H
H
H
H C H
H
H
H
H
H
H
C
C
C
C
C
C
H
H
H
H
H
H
IV
III
I
II
III
IV
I, III & IV
Ans: D
H
Topic: Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties
Section: 1.12
Difficulty Level: Easy
177. Which of the following compounds have the highest boiling point?
H
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
H
H
H
H
H
C
C
C
C
C
H
H
H
H
H
I
II
III
IV
II & IV
Ans: B
I
H
H
H
H
H
H
C
C
C
C
H
H
H
H
O
H
H
H
H
C
C
H
H
II
Topic: Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties
Section: 1.12
Difficulty Level: Easy
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Test-Bank-for-Organic-Chemistry-2nd-Edition-by-Klein
O
III
H
H
C
C
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
C
C
C
H
H
H
IV
Cl
178. Which of the following compounds have the lowest boiling point?
H
H
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
H
H
H
H
H
C
C
C
C
C
H
H
H
H
H
I
II
III
IV
II & IV
Ans: C
H
H
H
H
H
H
C
C
C
C
H
H
H
H
O
H
H
H
H
C
H
H
H
C
C
C
C
H
H
H
H
H
H
C
C
C
H
H
H
IV
III
II
I
H
H
H
Topic: Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties
Section: 1.12
Difficulty Level: Easy
179.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Which of the following compounds have the lowest boiling point?
CH3Cl
CH2Cl2
CH4
CHCl3
CCl4
Ans: C
Topic: Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties
Section: 1.12
Difficulty Level: Easy
180. Which of the following compounds have the lowest boiling point?
H
H
H
H
H
H C H
C
C
C
C
H
H
H
H
I
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
I
II
III
IV
I & III
Ans: C
H
H
H C
H
H H
C
C
H H
II
H
H
C C
H
H
H
H
H C H
H
H
H
C
C
C
H C H
H
H
H
III
Topic: Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties
Section: 1.12
Difficulty Level: Medium
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Test-Bank-for-Organic-Chemistry-2nd-Edition-by-Klein
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
C
C
C
C
C
C
H
H
H
H
H
H
IV
H
Cl
181. Rank the following compounds in decreasing (highest to lowest) order of boiling point?
H
H
H
H
H
H C H
C
C
H
C
H
H
C
H
H C
H
H
H
H H
H
C
C C
C
H
H
H
C
H
C
C
H
H
H C H
H
H
H
II
I
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
H
H H
H
H
H
H C H
H
H
H
H
H
H
C
C
C
C
C
C
H
H
H
H
H
H
IV
III
III>I>IV>II
II>I>IV>III
III>I>II>IV
IV>II>I>III
I>III>II>IV
Ans: D
H
Topic: Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties
Section: 1.12
Difficulty Level: Hard
182. Rank the following compounds in decreasing (highest to lowest) order of boiling point?
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
C
C
C
C
C
H
H
H
I
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
C
C
C
C
H
H
H
O
H
H
H
H
H
C
H
H
H
C
C
C
C
H
H
II
III>I>IV>II
II>IV>I>III
III>I>II>IV
IV>II>I>III
I>III>II>IV
Ans: B
Topic: Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties
Section: 1.12
Difficulty Level: Hard
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Test-Bank-for-Organic-Chemistry-2nd-Edition-by-Klein
III
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
C
C
C
C
N
H
H
H
H
H
IV
H
183. Rank the following compounds in decreasing (highest to lowest) order of boiling point?
H
H
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
H
H
H
H
C
C
C
C
H
H
H
H
H
O
H
H
H
C
C
H
H
O
H
H
C
C
H
H
H
H
O
II
I
H
H
H
C
C
C
H
H
H
III
O
H
H
H
H
O
H
C
C
C
C
H
H
H
H
H
IV
III>I>IV>II
II>IV>III>II
III>I>II>IV
IV>II>I>III
I>III>II>IV
Ans: A
Topic: Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties
Section: 1.12
Difficulty Level: Medium
184. Which of the following compounds have a higher boiling point? Explain why.
H
H
H
H
H
H C H
C
C
C
C
H
H
H
H
H
H C
H
H
H H
H
H
C
C
C
C
H H
H
H
H
II
I
Ans: Compound II has a higher boiling point than compound I. Compound II has larger
surface area that allows for stronger fleeting dipole-dipole interactions between
molecules.
Topic: Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties
Section: 1.12
Difficulty Level: Medium
185. Which of the following compounds have a higher boiling point? Explain why.
H
H
H
H
H
C
C
C
C
H
H
H
H
I
O
H
H
H
H
C
C
H
H
O
H
H
C
C
H
H
H
II
Ans: Compound I has a higher boiling point than compound II. Compound I has
hydrogen bonding interactions between molecules. Compound II has dipoledipole interactions that are weaker than hydrogen bonding interactions.
Topic: Solubility
Section: 1.13
Difficulty Level: Easy
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Test-Bank-for-Organic-Chemistry-2nd-Edition-by-Klein
186. Which of the following compounds is most soluble in water?
H
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
H
H
H
H
H
C
C
C
C
C
H
H
H
H
H
I
II
III
IV
II & III
Ans: B
H
H
H
H
H
H
C
C
C
C
H
H
H
H
O
H
H
H
H
C
C
H
H
H
C
C
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
C
C
C
H
H
H
Cl
IV
III
II
I
O
H
Topic: Solubility
Section: 1.13
Difficulty Level: Easy
187. Which of the following compounds is most soluble in butane (CH3CH2CH2CH3)?
H
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
H
H
H
H
H
C
C
C
C
C
H
H
H
H
H
I
II
III
IV
II & III
Ans: A
I
H
H
H
H
H
H
C
C
C
C
H
H
H
H
O
H
H
H
H
C
C
H
H
II
O
III
H
H
C
C
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
C
C
C
H
H
H
IV
Topic: Solubility
Section: 1.13
Difficulty Level: Medium
188.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
For soap to remove and dissolve oil in water, what molecular features are needed?
One end of the molecule must be polar
The compound must contain oxygen atoms
One end of the molecule must be nonpolar
Both A & C
All A, B & C
Ans: D
Topic: Solubility
Section: 1.13
Difficulty Level: Medium
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Test-Bank-for-Organic-Chemistry-2nd-Edition-by-Klein
Cl
189. Amino acids are building blocks of proteins. Which statement best describes the
physical properties of the following amino acid?
H
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
O
O
H
C
C
N
H
H
H
high melting points and low solubility in water
large dipole moments and no hydrogen bonding
high melting points and large dipole moments
low solubility in water and small dipole moments
small dipole moments and are hydrophobic
Ans: C
Topic: Solubility
Section: 1.13
Difficulty Level: Medium
190. Sugars, an example of which is shown below, tend to be very soluble in water. Explain
why.
H
OH
H
H
C
C
C
HO
H
H
C
HO
O
C
H
C
OH
OH H
(The lone pairs of electrons on the oxygen atoms are not shown for clarity)
Ans: Favorable hydrogen bonding between the sugar and water readily occurs as both
contain O–H groups capable of hydrogen bonding.
Topic: Solubility
Section: 1.13
Difficulty Level: Medium
191. Describe how soaps function as cleaning agents.
Ans: Soaps form clusters called micelles. The polar groups of the soaps form the
surface of the micelle and hydrogen bond to the surrounding water. The interior of
the micelle is composed of the nonpolar, hydrophobic portions of the soap
molecules. Grease and dirt are nonpolar and have limited solubility in water. In
soapy water however, grease and dirt will dissolve in the nonpolar interior of the
soap micelles, which in turn are soluble in the water.
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Test-Bank-for-Organic-Chemistry-2nd-Edition-by-Klein