The Plant Kingdom
SOL 5.5: Kingdoms of Living Things
Plant Classification
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Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Plantae
Cell type: eukaryotic
Cell number: multicellular
Feeding: autotrophic
(photosynthesis)
• Reproduction: sexual (seeds)
Plant Classification
• Plants evolved from green algae
(protists)
• They are first classified as
– Nonvascular – short plants with no
transport tissue (like veins), e.g.
moss
– Vascular – taller plants with veins,
e.g. trees
• Xylem – veins for water
• Phloem – veins for food
Non-Vascular
• Moss
Non-Vascular
• Liverwort
Non-Vascular
• Fern
Non-Vascular
• Hornwort
Vascular
• American dogwood tree
Vascular
• Roses
Vascular
• Grass
Plant Classification
• Vascular Plants can further be
classified as
– Gymnosperms – cone bearing
plants, e.g. pine trees
– Angiosperms – flowering plants,
e.g. roses
Plant Classification
• Angiosperms are classified as
– Monocots: flowering plants with
parallel veins and petals in
multiples of 3, e.g. Tulip
– Dicots: flowering plants with
branching veins and petals in
multiples of 4 or 5, e.g. Rose
• Regardless of type, flowers are
great for sexual reproduction.
Flowers attract animals that can
help pollinate the plant.
Photosynthesis
• Plant cells produce their own
food through a process called
photosynthesis.
• Photosynthesis allows plants to
convert light energy into food
energy.
Parts of a Flower
Male Parts
Female Parts
Each flower has both male and female parts.
Male parts produce pollen while female parts
produce ovules. Pollen + Ovule = Seed. Fruits
sometimes grow from the swollen ovary as a
means to transport seeds.
Parts of a Flower
Male Parts
Female Parts
Flowers form mutualistic symbiotic
relationships with pollinators like insects and
birds. Plants attract them with petals and
create a nectar the pollinators eat. In return
the pollinators carry pollen to other plants.
Plant Cell
chloroplasts
cell wall
nucleus
cell membrane
cytoplasm
vacuoles
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