GS-102
Applied Physics
Mechanical Engineering
CECOS UNIVERSITY OF I.T & EMERGING SCIENCES
PHYSICS
• Physics is a natural science based on experiments, measurements
and mathematical analysis with the purpose of finding
quantitative physical laws for everything from the nanoworld of
the microcosmos to the planets, solar systems and galaxies that
occupy the macrocosmos
• The science that deals with the properties, changes and
interactions of matter and energy
• Physics is the study of energy and matter in space and time and
how they are related to each other
• The science of matter and energy and of interactions between
the two, grouped in traditional fields such as acoustics, optics,
mechanics, thermodynamics, and electromagnetism, as well as
in modern extensions including atomic and nuclear physics,
cryogenics, solid-state physics, particle physics, and plasma
physics
Textbook
Sears and Zemanskay’s
University Physics
12th Edition
By
Young & Freedman
3
Course Structure
• Lectures will cover concepts and principles, not
detailed problem solving
• 04 homework assignments
• 04 quizzes
• Presentation
• Mid Term Exam
• Final examination
4
Rules & Expectations
• All quizzes and exams are required
• No Makeup-quizzes or exams will be taken
• Late homework assignments will not be accepted
• Attendance in each class is mandatory
• Students must be seated before starting lec & coming
instructor
• Student joining class more than 10 minutes late will be
marked absent
5
Rules & Expectations
Continued……….
• If you are late during quizzes and exams you will not be
allowed to take the exam
• Use of Cell phone is strictly prohibited in the classroom
& must be put on silent mode
• Use of cell phones or other communications devices
during quizzes or exams will result in a zero score for
that quiz or exam
6
Secrets to Success
• Read the material prior to lecture
• Always keep silence in class and listen to lecture
carefully
• Quizzes and exams may include questions or
problems based on concepts from lectures, the
textbook, and reading assignments
• “Scientific” calculator will be required for
homework, quizzes, and exams
• Do the assignments on A-4 Size Paper
• Use Black or Blue ink for writing. Red & Green inks
are not allowed
7
THE BRANCHES OF
SCIENCE
Branches of Science
Continued……..
Natural Sciences
Physical Science
• Physics
• Chemistry
Earth and Space Science
• Geology
• Meteorology
• Astronomy
• Oceanography
9
Branches of Science
Continued……..
Life Sciences
•
Botany
•
Zoology
•
Genetics
•
Ecology
10
Physical Sciences
• Physics – The science that deals with the properties,
changes and interactions of matter and energy.
• Chemistry – The science that deals with composition,
properties and reactions of substances.
11
Earth and Space Sciences
• Geology – the science that deals with the
development of the Earth’s crust, its rocks and
fossils.
• Meteorology – the science of the atmosphere and
its phenomena (the study of the weather)
12
Earth and Space Sciences
Continued……
• Astronomy – The science that deals with the origin,
size, motion of stars and planets.
• Oceanography – The study of the environment of
the ocean (plants and animals)
13
Life Sciences
• Botany – the science that deals with plants and plant
life.
• Zoology – The science that deals with animals and
animal life.
14
Life Sciences
• Genetics – The branch of biology that deals with heredity
and variation in animal and plant species.
• Ecology – The branch of biology that deals with the
relations
between
living
organisms
and
their
environment.
15
Physics
The branch of science which deals with the study of
matter and energy and the interaction between them
Energy- ability to do work is energy
Matter- Any thing which has mass and occupied space is
matter
16
Branches of Physics
17
Mechanics
The Effect of force on a bodies whether at
rest or in motion
Statics
Effect of force on bodies when the body is
in state of rest
Dynamics
Effect of force on bodies when the body is
in state of motion
Kinematics
study of motion without reference to force
causing the motion
Kinetics
Study of motion with reference to the force
causing the motion
19
Acoustics
the study of production and propagation of sound
waves
Optics
the study of light and its properties
20
Electromagnetism
the study of the properties of electric
current and magnetism and their
relationship.
Electrostaticselectricity at rest
Electrodynamicselectricity in motion
21
Thermodynamics
Study of relationship between heat
and other forms of energy
Calorimetery
Study of measurement of heat
22
Atomic and Nuclear Physics
The study of components, structure and
behavior of the nucleus of the atom
Quantum Physics
The study of indivisible units of energy
called quanta
23
Muslim Scientists
and
their Contribution in Physics
24
1. IBNE-AL-HAITHAM(965-1039 A.D)
INTRODUCTION
He was born in Basra a city of Iraq. He was one of the great Muslim Scientist.
He was a great scholar of physics,mathematics,engineering,astronomy and
medicine.
CONTRIBUTION
• He also gave the structure and working of eyes
• He gave us many laws of reflection and wrote many books
about the reflection of light
• He also first time gave the idea that whenever the ray of light is
incident on an object some of the incident rays are reflected
from the object and enter the eyes consequently the object
becomes visible to the eyes
25
AL-BERUNI
INTRODUCTION
He Was Born In Berun A Small Town Of Afghanistan. He Wrote Many Books
On Various Subjects Like Physics,mathematics,culture,astronomy
CONTRIBUTION
• He discussed in detail about the movement of sun moon and
others planets .
• He determined the densities of various metals .
• He was a first who said that the velocity of light is more than
the velocity of sound
26
3.MUHAMMAD IBNE MUSA KHAWRZMI
INTRODUCTION
Abu Abdullah Muhammad Ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi was born in 850A.D at
Khwarizm (Kheva), a town south of river Oxus in present Uzbekistan
CONTRIBUTION
• Al-Khwarizmi was one of the greatest mathematicians
• He was the founder of several branches and basic concepts of
mathematics.
• He is also famous as an astronomer and geographer.
• He developed in detail trigonometric tables containing the sine functions,
which were later extrapolated to tangent functions.
• He was a first man who introduce the decimal system in mathematics
27
Physics Basics
Physical Quantities, Measurement and Units
Physical Quantities
A physical quantity is one that can be measured and consists of a magnitude
and unit.
Measurement
Measurement of a quantity means to compare it with some standard quantity
Unit
The standard quantity is called unit for that quantity
SI units are common today
29
Physical Quantities
Are classified into two types:
•
•
Base quantities
Derived quantities
Base quantity
is like the brick – the
basic building block
of a house
Derived quantity is like
the house that was
build up from a collection
of bricks (basic quantity)
30
Standard We Will Use
• We will follow the International System of Units –
also known as the SI standard
• It includes:
Distance measured in meters (m)
Mass measured in kilograms (kg)
Time measured in seconds (s)
Charge measured in Coulombs (C)
Temperature measured in degrees Kelvin (o K or K)
• That means we’ll need to convert other measures
to our standard
Fundamental or Primary Quantities
• 7 SI base units: those from which all others are derived
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
meter
kilogram
second
ampere
kelvin
candela
mole
(m)
(kg)
(s)
(A)
(K)
(cd)
(mol)
length
weight
time
current
temperature
luminosity
molecular quantity
Derived or Secondary Quantities
• “SI derived unit”: derived from base units
• Unlimited number of derived units!
• Some examples:
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
meter / second
meter / second squared
newton
(N)
Pascal
(Pa)
joule
(J)
volt
(V)
watt
(W)
ohm
(Ω)
farad
(F)
henry
(H)
hertz
(Hz)
m/s
m/s2
kg·m / s2
N / m2
N·m
kg⋅m2⋅s−3⋅A−1
J/s
V/A
C/V
V⋅s / A
1/s
velocity
acceleration
force
pressure
energy
voltage
power
resistance
capacitance
inductance
frequency
Commonly used prefixes
T
G
M
k
tera
giga
mega
kilo
1012
109
106
103
d
c
d
μ
n
p
deci
centi
milli
micro
nano
pico
10-1
10-2
10-3
10-6
10-9
10-12