PHYSICS MIDTERM REVIEW SPH3U REVIEW CONTENTS Unit One Unit Two Vectors & Scalars Newton’s Laws Position & Displacement Law of Universal Gravitation Adding Vectors Types of Forces + Inertia Speed & Velocity Normal Force, Net Force, FBDs Relative Motion Gravity, Mass, Weight Uniform & Non-uniform Motion Friction & Acceleration Interpreting & Drawing d-t, v-t, a-t graphs Kinematic Equations Projectile Motion KINEMATICS UNIT ONE Kinematics The study of motion Motion A change in an object’s location as measured by a particular observer Distance (d) The total length of the path travelled by an object in motion Direction The line an object moves along from a particular starting point Scalar A quantity that has only magnitude and a unit Vector A quantity that has magnitude, units, and direction Displacement () The change in position of an object Average Speed (Vav) The total distance travelled divided by the total time taken to travel that distance Average Velocity (Vav) The total displacement divided by the total time for that displacement Slope (m) A measure of the steepness of a line Run Horizontal change between two points on a line Relative Motion Refers to an object moving with respect to an observer Uniform Motion Motion at a constant velocity and in a straight line (acceleration=0) Non-Uniform Motion Motion that is not at a constant velocity or not in a straight line (a=x) Secant Line Line touching more than one point of a circle or curve Tangent Line Line touching one point of a circle or curve Instantaneous Velocity Velocity at one point in time (one second); = slope of tangent line [of d-t graph] Average Velocity Velocity in a period of time; =slope of secant line [of d-t graph] Acceleration (aav) How quickly an object’s velocity changes overtime; rate of change of velocity Terminal Velocity The velocity of an object when the force due to air resistance equals the force due to gravity on the object Acceleration due to gravity (g) Force felt by all objects on Earth; 9.8m/s2 [down] Free Fall The acceleration due to gravity of an object in the absence of air resistance; gravity is the only force acting on the object Resultant Vector A vector that results from adding two or more given vectors Component Vectors Vectors which when added together give the original vector from which they were derived; one component is parallel to the x-axis and the other is parallel to the y-axis Projectile An object that moves along a two-dimensional curved trajectory in response to gravity Projectile Motion The motion of a projectile under gravity Time of flight The time taken for a projectile to complete its motion DYNAMICS AND FORCES UNIT TWO Dynamics The study of the causes of motion Newton (N) The SI unit of force (1N = 1kg.m/s2) Force a push or pull upon an object resulting from the object's interaction with another object Dynamics is the study of the causes of motion Newton (N) the SI unit of force (1N =1kg•m/s2) System Diagram a simple sketch of all objects involved in a situation Free Body Diagram (FBD) a simple drawing of an object showing all the forces that are acting on it Applied Force (Fa) a force that results when one object makes contact with another and pushes or pulls on it Tension (FT) a pulling force from a rope or string on an object that always points toward the rope or string Normal Force (FN) a perpendicular force exerted by a surface on an object in contact with the surface; the normal force always points away from the surface Friction (Ff) opposes the sliding of two surfaces across one another; friction acts opposite to the motion or attempted motion Force of Gravity (Fg) force attraction between any two objects Net Force (Fnet) the sum of all forces acting on an object *Look through notes! PHYSICS MIDTERM REVIEW SPH3U REVIEW
