Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDCUATION
K to 12 BASIC EDUCATION CURRICULUM
TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION
TEACHER’S GUIDE
Exploratory Course on
FOOD (FISH) PROCESSING
K to 12 TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION
AGRICULTURE/FISHERY – FOOD (FISH) PROCESSING
(Exploratory)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 3
Background Information
The Overall Goal of the K to 12 Curriculum ............................................................................................................................................. 3
The Conceptual Framework of the Teaching of TLE ................................................................................................................................ 3
The TLE Exploratory Courses ................................................................................................................................................................. 5
Time Allotment …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………6
The Learning Modules and Lessons .................................................................................................................................................................. 6
New Feature of the Teaching of TLE ................................................................................................................................................................. 6
About the Learning Module
Design of the Module............................................................................................................................................................................... 7
Parts of the Lesson ................................................................................................................................................................................. 8
Reflection ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 12
Curriculum Guide............................................................................................................................................................................................. 13
*TWG on K to 12 Curriculum Guide – version January 31, 2012
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K to 12 TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION
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Teacher’s Guide for TLE Exploratory Course on Food (Fish) Processing
Introduction
This Teacher’s Guide is intended for you, the TLE teacher, who teaches any of the more than 24 TLE exploratory courses in the Grades 7 and 8 of the
K to 12 curriculum. To ensure that you teach the TLE exploratory courses the way they were intended to be taught, you must see the big picture of the K to 12
curriculum and the teaching of TLE. Some background information is necessary.
Background Information
1. The Overall Goal of the K to 12 Curriculum
The K to 12 Curriculum has as its overarching goal the holistic development of every Filipino learner with 21stcentury skills who is adequately
prepared for work, entrepreneurship, middle level skills development and higher education. The overarching goal of the K to 12 curriculum, tells
you that the teaching of TLE plays a very important role in the realization of the overall goal of the curriculum. Whether or not the K to 12 graduate
is skilled and ready for work, entrepreneurship and middle skills development depend to a great extent on how effectively you taught TLE.
2. The Conceptual Framework of the Teaching of TLE
Below is a schematic diagram of Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE) framework in general secondary schools. This should guide you
in the teaching of the TLE exploratory courses.
*TWG on K to 12 Curriculum Guide – version January 31, 2012
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Figure 1.TLE Framework
*TWG on K to 12 Curriculum Guide – version January 31, 2012
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The diagram shows that Technology and Livelihood Education encompasses the field of Home Economics, Industrial Arts, Agri-Fishery Arts
and ICT. The 24 TLE courses can be categorized under any of these fields.
TLE is geared towards the development of technological proficiency and is anchored on knowledge and information, entrepreneurial concepts,
process and delivery, work values and life skills. K to 12 TLE is one that…
a. is built on adequate mastery of knowledge and information, skills and processes, acquisition of right work values and life skills;
b. equips students with skills for lifelong learning; and
c. is founded on cognitive, behavioral or psychomotor and affective dimensions of human development.
The diagram likewise shows that entrepreneurial concepts also form part of the foundation of quality TLE. It is expected that your TLE students,
after using the Learning Module on Entrepreneurship, imbibe the entrepreneurial spirit and consequently set up their own businesses in the areas
of Agri-Fishery Arts, Industrial Arts, Home Economics, and Information and Communication Technology.
TLE by its nature is dominantly a skill subject and so you must engage your students in an experiential, contextualized, and authentic teachinglearning process. It is a subject where your students learn best by doing. It is integrative in approach. For instance, it integrates entrepreneurship
with all the areas of TLE. It integrates concepts, skills and values.
3. The TLE Exploratory Courses
TLE in Grades 7 and 8 are exploratory in nature. Your school will choose at least 4 from the list of 24 courses for which 23 Learning Modules
have been prepared.1Your school’s choice is determined by the availability of its resources (faculty and facilities) as well as the local needs and
resources of the community.
The 24 TLE exploratory courses focus on four basic common competencies: 1) use and maintenance of tools and equipment; 2) mensuration
and calculation; 3) occupational health and safety procedures, and 4) preparation and interpretation of technical drawing. Why are these
competencies described basic? Because they are competencies that students must acquire in order that they can do higher level competencies.
They are also described common because these are true to all TR-based TLE courses.
1
There are 24 TLE courses but there are only 23 Learning Modules because there is only one Learning Module for Tailoring and Dressmaking.
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4. Time allotment for Technology and Livelihood Education is four hours per week.
The Learning Modules and Lessons
There is a Learning Module for each exploratory course. If there are 24exploratory courses then you have 24 Learning Modules in your hands. But you
will use 4 Modules only for the entire year in Grade 7 and another 4 Modules in Grade 8. In these exploratory courses, you are expected to integrate Income
Generating Projects (IGP) to help your students earn while they learn.
Each Learning Module consists of 4 to 5 Lessons2. The Lessons are focused on the 4 to 5 common competencies. To avoid meaningless repetition of
the teaching of the 5 common competencies, we have to teach them in the context of the TLE course. For example, you teach “use and maintenance of tools”
in beauty care when you are teaching the course on Beauty Care. You teach the same competencies - use and maintenance of tools-in Food (Fish)
Processing but in the context of Food (Fish) Processing and so your tools will not be entirely the same. Definitely, there are some tools that are common to all
the courses.
New Feature on the Teaching of TLE
What’s new in the teaching of TLE in the K to 12 curriculum? In the K to 12 curriculum, the TLE courses are taught based on the learning
outcomes and performance criteria stated on the Training Regulations (TR) from Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA). They are
TR-based.
Why is this necessary? To prepare the K to 12 graduate for lucrative work, he/she must earn a National Certificate (NC) I, II or even an NC of a
higher level that is required by industries. This he/she earns after passing an assessment given by TESDA.
How can you ensure that the K to 12 high school student (Grade 9 to 12) pass TESDA assessment and obtain an NC? By seeing to it that you
teach the TLE course in accordance with the performance criteria and learning outcomes laid down in the TESDA Training Regulations.
2
Some Learning Modules combined use and maintenance of tools to make one Lesson, so the number of Lessons amount to 4; others made separate Lessons for use of tools and for
maintenance of tools, thus the total is 5 Lessons.
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Do the exploratory courses enable the high school student to earn already an NC? Not yet. Completion of the exploratory courses may not yet
qualify a high school student to take an assessment for an NC. Instead, it helps him/her earn a Certificate of Competency (COC) at least in Grade 9 that will
lead eventually him/her to an NC. In short, the COC paves the way to the earning of an NC.
Student’s choice of TLE specialization begins in Grade 9. After having been exposed to an array of TLE courses during the exploratory phase in the
first two years, the student will be most benefited, if in Grades 10, 11, or 12 he/she continues with a TLE course in which he/she already has a COC. In that
way, he/she will get an NC faster.
About the Learning Module
1. Design of the Module
a. The Module is designed to be a teacher-assisted learning kit or a self-learning kit on competencies that a Grade 7 TLE ought to possess. It
explores the course on Animal Production which helps your student earn a Certificate of Competency in Grade 9 which leads to a National
Certificate Level I / II (NCI / II) in Grades 10, 11 or 12.
b. The Learning Module is made up of 4 to 5 Lessons based on the competencies. Each Lesson contains the following:
1)
Learning Outcomes
2)
Performance Standards
3)
Materials/Resources
4)
Definition of Terms
5)
What Do You Already Know?
6)
What Do You Need to Know?
7)
How Much Have You Learned?
8)
How Do You Apply What You Learned?
9)
What Is Your Score?
10) References
There are some TLE Modules which have a section on “How Do You Extend Your Learning?” This section is meant for enrichment. It is usually
given as an assignment for not everything can be taught and done in the classroom given the limited time.
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c. The Self-check given after the pretest and information sheet/s can also serve as the posttest of the lesson.
2. Parts of the Lesson. -The following explain the parts of each Lesson and describe what your students’- as well as your tasks are.
Students’ Task
Part of the Lesson
1.
2.
Learning outcomes are what your TLE
student is supposed to know and be able
to do after using the module. Since our
TLE courses are TR-based, all learning
outcomes are lifted from the TESDA TR. In
the Curriculum Guide (the matrix which
contains Content Standard, Performance
Standard, Learning Competencies,
Projects/Activities, Assessment, Duration),
the identified Learning Outcomes are
written in the column of Learning
Competencies.
Students acquaint themselves with the learning
outcomes and performance standards and
make them their personal goals.
Performance Standards are referred to
as “performance criteria” in the TESDA TR.
They are more specific descriptions of the
student’s behavior that serve as evidence
that the expected learning outcomes have
been realized with the expected level of
proficiency or in accordance with
established standards.
Students clearly understand the performance
standards and make them their own learning
goals.
Teacher’s Task
You introduce the learning outcomes to your
students and make sure that they understand
them and make these learning targets their
own.
Make these your goals for instruction.
You introduce the performance standards to
your students and make sure that they
understand them and make these performance
standards their own.
Let these standards give your lesson its specific
direction.
The learning outcomes and performance
standards set the direction of your lessons.
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These are what you should teach and, in
turn, what you should assess. They are
identified and are written for you in the
Curriculum Guide.
3. Materials/Resources and References
To teach effectively, you need materials
and references. Materials may include
equipment, hand tools or consumables.
The references are the books, magazines,
articles, websites you yourself and your
students will read or refer to in order to
gain greater understanding of the lesson.
They are either in soft copy or hard copy.
Get to know the materials. They are part of the
Lesson.
By all means, read the references for lesson
mastery.
Prepare the materials you need in advance. For
gadget, tool or equipment, it is always wise to
prepare, check and try them in advance to
ensure that they function when you use them.
As the saying goes “forewarned is forearmed.”
Be resourceful in the preparation of materials.
You are strongly encouraged to use appropriate
local materials as substitute for listed materials
that are not available.
For effective teaching, your lesson preparation
should include reading the list of references.
Do not limit yourself to the list of references. If
you discover good reference material/s, add to
the list of references.
Introduce the references to your students.
Motivate them to read these references as they
go through the module for mastery of the
lesson.
4. The definition of terms and acronyms
will help you understand the meaning of
key words in your lesson. Defining key
words as they are used in your lesson will
Refer to the definition of terms for greater
understanding of the lesson.
*TWG on K to 12 Curriculum Guide – version January 31, 2012
Remind your students to refer to the definition
of terms and acronyms for clearer
understanding of the lesson.
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ensure that the key terms in your lesson
mean one and the same for everyone in
class and so avoid misunderstanding.
5. The section “What Do You Already
Know” is intended to determine entry
knowledge and skills of your students to
find out if you have to teach the lesson,
teach some parts of the lesson or skip it
entirely because your students already
know it. This is done by way of a pretest.
Take the test honestly.
Check answers against the answer key
provided.
Tell your students to accomplish the pretest.
Ask your students to use a separate sheet of
paper for their answers. Explain that the
purpose of the pretest is to find out how much
they already know about the lesson in order to
determine your next steps. It is, therefore,
necessary that they take the test honestly, if
they want to learn or want to be helped.
Make it clear to them that their scores will not
be recorded for grading purposes and will not
be taken against them.
If you find out that your students already know
what you are about to teach, logic dictates that
you do not need to teach it anymore. You may
as well proceed to the next lesson. If, however,
you find out that they do not yet know what you
are about to teach, then by all means teach. Or
if you discover that your students have some
erroneous concepts, then teach and correct
their misconceptions. To know what your
students already know and do not yet know will
guide you in adjusting your instruction.
This means that you always start your lesson
presentation with the results of the pretest
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because you are going to teach them what
they do not yet know and correct whatever
wrong concepts they have at the beginning of
the lesson.
6. “What Do You Need To Know?”- This
section contains one or more Information
Sheets and for some modules an
Operation Sheet. These are important
notes for the TLE student to read after
which he/she is asked to do a Self-check to
determine how much he/she has learned.
The self-check functions as a pretest.
Read and understand the Information Sheet/s
and /or Operation Sheet.
7. “How Do You Apply What You
Learned?” – In this section, you give your
student the opportunity to transfer what
he/she has learned in another activity or in
real life situation. Ideally, this should be a
performance test, what you usually call
practical test. If “the proof of the pudding is
in the eating”, then your student must be
able to apply what she/he learned in reallife setting or must be able to come up with
a product as an evidence of learning.
Do the Activity.
8. How Do You Extend Your Learning? –
As the word implies, this activity is done
outside class hours for enrichment
purposes. This can reinforce lesson
mastery.
Do the task assigned outside class hours.
Be prepared For a Self-check which serves as
a posttest.
Make sure students are engaged in reading the
Information Sheet/Observation Sheet and in
answering the self-check.
Give assistance to your students where
needed.
Correct answers by referring to the answer key.
To determine level of performance, use the
scoring rubrics or check answers against the
answer key, whichever is applicable.
Reflect on assessment results.
Find a way to test real life application of what
your students have learned.
Do not hesitate to use ways of determining how
your students can apply learned facts and
concepts which are more authentic and realistic
than that/those given in the Module.
Reflect on assessment results. Use
assessment results in planning the next steps
for instruction.
*TWG on K to 12 Curriculum Guide – version January 31, 2012
Motivate the students to do the task by making
clear what the enrichment activity is about –why
it is given, how it is done, how it relates to the
class lesson .
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Reflection
It is a good habit to reflect on your teaching for the day – what went well, what did not go well, why this activity went well with this group, why it didn’t
work well with the other group. What are your realizations? What are lessons learned? Jot them down in your diary. Commit them to your memory. If you do
this consistently, you will find your delivery improve substantially.
*TWG on K to 12 Curriculum Guide – version January 31, 2012
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Curriculum Guide for the Exploratory Course on Food (Fish) Processing
For you to get a complete picture of the complete TLE exploratory course on Food (Fish) Processing, you are hereby provided with the Curriculum
Guide on Food (Fish) Processing.
Content Standard
Performance Standard
Learning
Competencies
Project / Activities
Assessment
Duration
Unit of Competency : USE FOOD PROCESSING TOOLS, EQUIPMENT AND UTENSILS

Food(fish) processing
tools and equipment/
instruments
 Food (fish)processing
methods
 Faults and defects of
tools, equipment and
instruments in food
(fish) processing
equipment
 Reporting procedures
.
1. Procedures in using
the standard
measuring devices
and instruments
 Sanitizing procedures
(include topics on
sanitizing agents)
2. Calibrating measuring
devices and
instruments
 Using the appropriate
1. Appropriate tools, equipment
and utensils are selected
according to food (fish)
processing methods.
2. Faults and defects of tools,
equipment and utensils are
explained.
3. Defective tools, equipment
and utensils are reported in
accordance with farm
procedures.


3 hours
LO1. Select tools,
equipment
and utensils
1. Printed procedures/ brochures/ LO2. Use tools,
catalogues are consulted and
equipment
reviewed according to
and
specified food processing
instruments
methods.
following
2. Standard procedures in using
standard
tools, equipment and
procedures
instruments are recalled and
strictly followed according to
manufacturer’s specifications
3. Devices and instruments for
*TWG on K to 12 Curriculum Guide – version January 31, 2012
Written test
Performance
test
1. Demonstrate on
calibrating refractometer
2. Demonstrate using
salinometer
3. Demonstrate using
blender
4. Demonstrate stowing
equipment and
instruments.

3 hours
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Content Standard






Performance Standard
food(fish) processing
tools ,equipment and
instruments
measuring are properly
checked, sanitized and
calibrated prior to use.
4. Tools, equipment and
instruments are safely used
according to job requirements
and manufacturers’
specifications.
Procedures in
cleaning, sanitizing
equipment and
instruments prior to
storage
Switching off and
unplugging food (fish)
processing equipment
Cleaning and
sanitizing procedures
Storing food
processing tools,
equipment and
instruments
Procedures in minor
preventive machine
maintenance
Various condition of
machine
 serviceable
 repairable
 defective
1. Switching off/unplugging
procedures of food (fish)
processing equipment is
described in accordance with
manufacturer’s specifications.
2. Food processing tools are
cleaned, sanitized and stored
as required according to
manufacturer’s specifications
and workplace policies and
regulations.
3. Procedures in cleaning,
sanitizing and storing food
processing equipment and
instruments are described
according to manufacturer’s
specifications and workplace
policies and regulations.
4. Minor preventive maintenance
procedures on equipment and
instruments are discussed in
line with organization’s
maintenance system.
*TWG on K to 12 Curriculum Guide – version January 31, 2012
Learning
Competencies
LO3.Perform postoperation activities.
Project / Activities
1. Perform preventive
maintenance of can sealer
and pressure cooker.
Assessment

Duration
3 hours
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Content Standard

Disposal of defective
tools, equipment and
instruments relating to
environmental laws
(DENR, LGU, etc.)and
waste management
procedures
Learning
Competencies
Performance Standard
Project / Activities
Assessment
Duration
5. Defective tools, equipment and
instruments are disposed
according to environmental
procedures.
Unit of Competency: PERFORM MATHEMATICAL COMPUTATIONS



Weights and
measurements
 Gravimetric
 Volumetric
 Lengths, diameter,
widths
 Seam
measurements
Hotness/coldness
temperature
Concentrations of
solutions
Demonstrate understanding
on:


Basic Mathematical
Skills:
Ingredient
formulations
1. Records of weights and
measurements of raw
materials and ingredients are
gathered and summarized
according to workplace
standard operating procedure.
2. Records of weights and
measurements of finished
processed products are
gathered and summarized
according to workplace
standard operating
procedures.
LO1.
Gather and
tabulate the
recorded
data
relevant to
processed
food
production.
Present data in textual form


Written test
Performance
test
3 hours


Written test
Performance
test
3 hours
3. Summarized data are
tabulated according to
enterprise requirements.
1. Raw materials and ingredients
and percentage formulations
are checked/counter checked
according to approved
*TWG on K to 12 Curriculum Guide – version January 31, 2012
LO2.Review various Exercise or drill on
computations of various
formulations.
formulations used for raw
ingredients and finished
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Content Standard





Performance Standard
Percentage
formulations
Conversions
Ratios and proportions
specifications and enterprise
requirements.
2. Finished products and
percentage formulations are
reviewed according to
approved specifications and
enterprise requirements.
Spoilage and rejects
and corresponding
percentages
Recoveries and yields
and corresponding
percentages
1.
2.
3.
Data on actual spoilage and
rejects and corresponding
percentage equivalents are
calculated according to
enterprise requirements.
Data on actual yields and
recoveries and
corresponding percentage
equivalents are calculated
according to enterprise
requirements.
All calculated data are
recorded according to
enterprise requirements.
Learning
Competencies
Project / Activities



Ingredient
formulations
Percentage
formulations
Conversions
2.
Costs of production are
computed according to
standard procedures
Computed costs of
production are reviewed and
validated according to
*TWG on K to 12 Curriculum Guide – version January 31, 2012
Duration
products of fish processing.
LO3.Calculate the
production
input and
output.
Demonstrate understanding
on:
1.
Assessment
Prepare paper on costs of
production.
LO4.Compute the
costs of
production.


Written test
Performance
test


Written test
Performance
test
3 hours
3 hours
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Content Standard




Ratios and proportions
Spoilage and rejects
and corresponding
percentages
Recoveries and
rejects and
corresponding
percentages
Simple record keeping
Performance Standard
Learning
Competencies
Project / Activities
Assessment
Duration
enterprise production
requirements.
Unit of Competency: INTERPRET PLANS AND DRAWINGS
Demonstrate understanding
on:

 Fish processing
activities
 Lay-out plan of fish
processing area
 Signs and symbols in
lay-out plan and
processing area
 Different packaging for
fish products
 Designing packaging
materials
 Proper labeling (signs,
symbols, content,
ingredients, etc.)
1. Lay –out plans of fish
processing area are
interpreted based on set
standards.
2. Signs and symbols are
translated according to
established standards.
LO1. Interpret layout plan.
Project on flow chart in
manufacturing smoked bangus.
1. Fish products are packaged
according to requirements and
packaging standard
procedures.
2. Packaged fish products are
labeled according to quality
control standards
LO2. Perform outer
packaging
procedures.
Make a label for canned fishery
product


Written test
Performance
test
3 hours


3 hours
Written test
Performanc
e test
Unit of Competency: APPLY FOOD SAFETY AND SANITATION
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Content Standard












GMP Requirements
on Personal Hygiene
Personal protective
equipment
Parts and functions of
personal protective
equipment
Workplace health and
safety requirements
Good grooming and
personal hygiene (ex.
Washing of
hands,etc.)
Sanitizing PPE
Safety measures and
practices
First aid procedures
ood safety principles
and practices
Good food
manufacturing
practices
TQM and other food
quality system
principles
Codes and regulations
Performance Standard
1. Personal hygiene and
good grooming is practiced
in line with workplace
health and safety
requirements.
2. Personal protective
equipment is cleaned,
checked and sanitized.
1. Sanitary practices in food
safety are implemented in line
with workplace safety
regulations.
2. Cleanliness and sanitation
should be strictly observed.
3. Safety measures are applied
according to workplace rules
and regulations.
4. First aid procedures are
applied and coordinated with
concerned personnel
according to workplace
standard operating
procedures.
*TWG on K to 12 Curriculum Guide – version January 31, 2012
Learning
Competencies
LO1.Observe
personal
hygiene and
good
grooming.
LO2. Implement
food safety
practices.
Project / Activities
Perform the operation sheet on
Hand Washing Techniques As
A Means Of Practicing Hygiene
And Good Grooming
Assessment
Duration


Written test
Performance
test
3 hour


Written test
Performance
test
3 hours

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Content Standard

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Learning
Competencies
Project / Activities
Assessment
Duration
HACCP,
Proper waste disposal
Environmental
protection and
concerns
Monitoring practices
Record keeeping
procedures
1. Food safety hazards must
have and implemented
HACCP plan.
2. Monitoring procedures are
strictly followed.
3. Record keeping systems to
document monitoring and
corrective actions are
developed.
LO3. Conduct work
in accordance
with
environmental
policies and
procedures
Demonstrate different ways
of disposing liquid wastes
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3 hours
Environmental
hazards
Procedures used to
prevent or control
environmental risks
Mitigation procedures
Disaster preparedness
Basic concepts of
hazard identification
risk assessment and
control options.
Identifying and
responding to hazards
Investigating incidents
and improving
environmental
management and
resource utilization
Impact of work
practices on resource
utilization and wastage
1. Preparedness and mitigation
activities.
2. Response activities during a
chemical spill.
3. Rehabilitation activity after a
chemical spill.
LO4. Participate in
improving
environment
al practices
at work.
Conduct a drill on what to
do in an accidental
chemical spill in a food
processing plant
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4 hours
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Performance Standard
*TWG on K to 12 Curriculum Guide – version January 31, 2012
19
K to 12 TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION
AGRICULTURE/FISHERY – FOOD (FISH) PROCESSING
(Exploratory)
Content Standard
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Performance Standard
Learning
Competencies
Project / Activities
Assessment
Duration
Handling requirements
for hazardous waste
Procedures for
responding to
unplanned incidents
such as spills and
leaks as relevant to
the work area
Rehabilitation
procedures
40 Hours
*TWG on K to 12 Curriculum Guide – version January 31, 2012
20