REPARED BY
Renewable Energy Engineers
SUPPERVISED BY
Dr. Eman Abo Jazer
2019
The photovoltaic power system
I
Acknowledgement
To Allah, we firstly admit all our praise and thanks for his gracing
and giving which enabled us to finish this work as perfect as it is. We
also send our pleasing and peace upon his prophet Mohammed the
mercy and teacher for the mankind.
Our thanks continued to our parents for their effort and care, to our
lecturers for their support and instructions, to friends and all those
who helped us to end this work. we wish to express our deepest
appreciation to our college, thanks to all our doctors and teachers,
special thanks for Dr : Eman Abu Gazar .
II
Abstract
In this research, a study was conducted to install the photovoltaic
power system with batteries for the Bahlol gas station - Gaza to
connect the gas station with a power instead of using diesel due to
continuous power cuts and cost reduction and carbon CO2
emissions.
The research involved studying the location and intensity of solar
radiation , the required energy to operation the four Machinery in the
station , cost , financing and Harmful emissions.
Keywords:
Bahlol gas station , renewable energy , Gaza Strip .
III
TABLE OF CONTENT
Chapter 1 Introduction ......................................................................................... 2
1.1 Introduction .................................................................................................... 2
1.1.1 Photovoltaics. ............................................................................................. 2
1.2 Objects........................................................................................................... 3
Chapter 2 LITERATURE REVIEW ....................................................................... 5
2.1 Location ......................................................................................................... 5
2.2 Facility ........................................................................................................... 7
2.3 Energy savings | Fuel summary ..................................................................... 8
2.4 Fuel summary................................................................................................ 9
2.5 Consumption and cost of diesel ..................................................................... 9
Chapter 3 Mathematical Model .......................................................................... 11
3.1 Optimize supply ........................................................................................... 11
3.1.1 Patient rooms ........................................................................................... 11
3.2 Optimize supply ...........................................................................................12
3.2.1 gas station ................................................................................................ 13
3.3 End-use...................................................................................................... 14
Chapter 4 Conclusion and Future Work CONCLUSION AND ............................ 16
4.1 GHG emission ............................................................................................. 16
BIBLIOGRAPHY..................................................................................................17
5.1 Financial viability .......................................................................................... 18
5.1.1 Financial parameters................................................................................. 18
5.1.2 Costs | Savings | Revenue ........................................................................ 18
5.1.3 Financial viability ....................................................................................... 18
5.2 Cash flow ....................................................................................................... 19
6.1 Target ............................................................................................................ 22
7.1 conclusion ..................................................................................................... 22
IV
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure
Page
Figure 1.1: Photovoltaics ..................................................................................., ......... 3
Figure 2.1:Map of Gaza by Google Earth. ........................................................, .......... 5
Figure 2.2:Climate data. ................................................................................, ............. 6
Figure 2.3:Benchmark. ............................................................................, ................... 7
Figure 3.1:Fuel saved............................................................................, .................... 13
Figure 4.1:GHG emission. ....................................................................., ................... 16
Figure 4.2:GHG equivalence .................................................................................... 16
Figure5.1:Annual ....................................................................................................... 18
Figure 5.2:Cumulative… .............................................................................................. 18
V
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1:Location Data....................................................................................... 5
Table 2.2:Climate data. ....................................................................................... 6
Table 2.3:Benchmark. ......................................................................................... 7
Table 3.1:Patient rooms..................................................................................... 11
Table 3.2: loads. ................................................................................................ 11
Table 3.3:number of hours of operation. ............................................................ 11
Table 3.5:Balance of system and miscellaneous. .............................................. 12
Table 3.6:Fuel saved ......................................................................................... 13
Table 3.7:summary-electricity and fuels............................................................. 14
Table5.1:Yearly cash flows. ...............................................................................20
VI
Chapter 1
Introduction and Objects
1
1.1 Introduction
The purpose of this report is to feasibility study of the project of the photovoltaic
power system with batteries for the Bahlol gaz station by using solar thermal and
its impact on the environment .
In terms of reducing harmful emissions to the environment and study the
efficiency of this system and low maintenance rates of this system This report
provides researchers a good understanding feasibility study of solar thermal
1.1.1 Photovoltaics
Photovoltaics (PV) is the conversion of light into electricity using semiconducting
materials that exhibit the photovoltaic effect, a phenomenon studied in physics,
photochemistry, and electrochemistry.
IT employs solar panels, each comprising a number of solar cells, which generate
electrical power. PV installations may be ground-mounted, rooftop mounted or
wall mounted. The mount may be fixed, or use a solar tracker to follow the sun
across the sky .
PV systems have the major disadvantage that the power output works best with
direct sunlight, so about 10-25% is lost if a tracking system is not used.Dust
clouds , and other obstructions in the atmosphere also diminish the power output.
Another important issue is the concentration of the production in the hours
corresponding to main insolation, which do not usually match the peaks in
demand in human activity cycles. Unless current societal patterns of consumption
and electrical networks adjust to this scenario, electricity still needs to be stored
for later use or made up by other power sources, usually hydrocarbons .
After hydro and wind powers PV is the third renewable energy source in terms of
global capacity. At the end of 2016, worldwide installed PV capacity increased to
more than 300 gigawatts (GW), covering approximately two percent of global
electricity demand. China, followed by Japan and the United States, is the fastest
growing market, while Germany remains the world's largest producer, with solar
PV providing seven percent of annual domestic electricity consumption. With
current technology (as of 2013), photovoltaics recoups the energy needed to
manufacture them in 1.5 years in Southern Europe and 2.5 years in Northern
Europe
2
Figure 1.1: photovoltaic cell .
1.2 Objective
1. the aim of making this facility operates on this system instead of using diesel
motor , due to several reasons including what takes an economic view and
what takes an environmental view.
2. Reduce operating cost .
3. Conservation of natural resources.
4. Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions .
5. Increase return on investment .
6. Providing comfort and quality .
3
Chapter 2
Overview
4
2.1 Location
Figure 2.1:Map of Gaza by Google Earth.
Gaza Strip is one of the Areas in the so-called solar belt (the area lies between
latitudes 31.3 degrees north and 34.3 degrees south) as well as more than 300
sunny days a year with average daily brightness of about 8 hours.
Based on the extracted data from RET Screen Clean Energy Management
Software, we found that the suitable weather conditions for operating a solar
system in high efficiency be in May, August , July and the peak in June, where the
radiation intensity and temperature are relatively high in these previous months.
Table 2.1:Location Data.
5
Figure 2.2: Climate data .
Table 2.2:Climate data.
6
2.2 Facility
General definition of the syste
The size of the facility is 2000 meters and high and low benchmark have been
chosen for this facility .
Table 2.2: Benchmark
• How the facility performs and the efficiency of its loads for the fuel consumed
Figure 2.2:Benchmark
7
2.3 Fuel consumption
• in the first case when we compared between the diesel engine and photovoltaic
power system without touching the electricity and this expline the amount of fuel
saved from the base case to the proposed case due to alternative green energy
Figure 2.3.1: green energy
• Most loads of electrical tools here in this picture shows how much the
percentage of fuel saved is in percent .
Table 2.3.1:Climate data.
8
And this in the second case we compared the diesel mator , electricity and
photovoltaic power system
Figure 2.3.2: green energy
Table 2.3.2:Climate data.
9
2.4 Fuel summry
 First case
Figure 2.3.3: fuel
Table 2.3.3:Climate data.
10
 Second case
Figure 2.3.4: fuel
Table 2.3.3:Climate data.
11
2.5 Consumption and cost of diesel
We found that the station needs a large amount of diesel by a coast of 2500 $
per a month, Since the price per liter of diesel costs nearly 5 NIS and the motor
needs 4L per hour with average running rate of 17 hours per day; because of
electricity crisis .
after we turned our compass in the direct of installation of solar cells instead of
traditional system, we saved a large amount of fuel which means saving a large
amount of money and we succeeded in get a cost of solar system in 8 months of
coast of needed diesel for the traditional system.
LETER PER HOUR
MONEY PER HOUR
4 liter
LITER PER YEAR
6.8 Dollar
MONEY PER YEAR
1900 liter
30,000Dollar
12
Chapter 3
Energy
13
3.1 Optimize supply
photovoltaic power system with batteries for a gas station with a capacity of a 10
KW for the system.
Figure 3.1 : efficiency and losses
14
3.2 gas station
And loads in the gas station distributed according to the following
3.2.1 Machines
Table 3.2.1 machines
3.2.2 lights
Table 3.2.2 lights
15
• These tables show the loads, fuel consumption , priceand number
of hours of operation in general .
Table 3.2.3 : loads
Table 3.2.4 : number of hours of operation
16
2.3 End-use
For loads we note that most loads are electric loads and we also calculated the
loads in the station, and they were about 8 KW which are detailed as follows
(5KW for a 4 a gasoline device, 3KW for a 13 LEDS , 16 cameras and other light
loads .
Figure 3.1:Fuel saved.
Table 3.6:Fuel saved.
17
Chapter 4
Emission
18
4.1 GHG emission
Environmental Impact : In the following picture, we note that by installation and
using a solar cell system instead of traditional system , we reduce the carbon
dioxide from 8.5% in the base case to 0.6% in proposed case, at an annual rate
of decline in the carbon dioxide ratio about 7.9%. And this the environmental
impact in the first case .
Figure 4.1: GHG emission
Figure 4.2: GHG equivalence.
19
And this the environmental impact in the second case .
Figure 4.3 : GHG emission
Figure 4.4: GHG equivalence.
20
Chapter 5
Financial viability
21
5.1 Financial viability
The overall cost of the system in the first case when we compared between the
diesel engine and photovoltaic power system
5.1.1 Financial parameters
5.1.2 Costs | Savings | Revenue
5.1.3 Financial viability
22
And here the overall cost of the system In the second case, we compared the
diesel mator , electricity and photovoltaic power system .
5.1.4 Financial parameters
5.1.5 Costs | Savings | Revenue
5.1.6 Financial viability
23
5.2 Cash flow
In the first case we compared between the diesel engine and photovoltaic power
system without touching the electricity . and this explane the actual value of the
investment and the amount required to start the project
Figure 5.2.1: annual
Figure 5.2.2 : Cumulative
24
In the second case, we compared the diesel mator , electricity and photovoltaic
power system
Figure 5.2.3: annual
The period of recovery of the paid capital to start the project The curve shows the
years the system needs to recover the initial amount paid and then start recovering
money as prof
Figure 5.2.4: Cumulative
25
Table5.1:Yearly cash flows
26
Chapter 6
Target
27
6.1 Target
Table 6.1: target first case
Table 6.2: target second
28
Chapter 7
Conclusion
29
7.1 conclusion
In this project we understood the amount of economic savings by
replacing the traditional system with the solar system and the effect of
using the solar system on the environment, where we reduced the
proportion of carbon dioxide emitted which means improve our
health safety. In fact , this report forced me to do more in the study
about the solar cell systems.
We learned about this software beautiful program(RET SCREEN),
which is the first program related to our major, this encourage us to
learn more other programs to be professional in our work. this project
come as one of the applications of the staff of the three ,environment
,community and economy .
It come as one of the applications of the staff of the three
,environment ,community and economy , at the environmental
reduce approximately 99 tons of emissions feminization oxide carbon
. terms of society direction to owners of institutions and projects and
homes to rely on solar energy in the process of heating. Terms of the
economy to reduce the cost of the operating and maintenance.
30
Prepared By:
1- Ahmed Yousef Salem
20171308
2- Mohammed Ahmed Alagha
20170408
3- Maha hafez saad
2017154
4- Sabreen Yones Alqassas
20171584
31