FACULTY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, TRANSPORT AND AERONAUTICS BASICS OF TECHNICAL DESIGN Dr.sc.ing. Anita Gerina-Ancane COURSE WORK WATER FAUCET SUBMITTED BY APSAL SHEREEF 191AMM070 1 INDEX SL No 1 CONTENT INTRODUCTION Page No 3 2 WHY THIS PRODUCT IS SELECTED? 5 3 ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGES 6 4 INTERVIEW TRANSCRIPTS 6 5 TABLE OF NEEDS 8 6 FUTURE DESIGNS 9 7 CONCLUSION 17 2 1. INTRODUCTION A faucet is a valve controlling the release of a liquid or gas. The first screw-down tap mechanism was patented and manufactured by the Rotherham brass founders Guest and Chrimes in 1845. Most older taps use a soft rubber or neoprene washer which is screwed down onto a valve seat in order to stop the flow. This is called a "globe valve" in engineering and, while it gives a leak-proof seal and good fine adjustment of flow, both the rubber washer and the valve seat are subject to wear (and for the seat, also corrosion) over time, so that eventually no tight seal is formed in the closed position, resulting in a leaking tap. The washer can be replaced and the valve seat resurfaced , but globe valves are never maintenance-free. Kitchen Faucet Also, the tortuous S-shaped path the water is forced to follow offers a significant obstruction to the flow. For high pressure domestic water systems this does not matter, but for low pressure systems where flow rate is important, such as a shower fed by a storage tank, a "stop tap" or, in engineering terms, a "gate valve" is preferred. Gate valves use a metal wedge with a circular face, usually the same diameter as the pipe, which is screwed into place perpendicularly to the flow, cutting it off. There is little resistance to flow when the tap is fully open, but this type of tap rarely gives a perfect seal when closed. In the UK this type of tap normally has a wheel-shaped handle rather than a crutch or capstan handle. Cone valves or ball valves are another alternative. These are commonly found as the service shut-off valves in more-expensive water systems and usually found in gas taps (and, incidentally, the cask beer taps referred to above). They can be identified by their 3 range of motion—only 90°—between fully open and closed. Usually, when the handle is in line with the pipe the valve is open, and when the handle is across the pipe it is closed. But it could move in either direction CW or CCW perpendicular to the pipe. S=shut and O=open. A cone valve consists of a shallowly tapering cone in a tight-fitting socket placed across the flow of the fluid. In UK English this is usually known as a taper-plug cock. A ball valve uses a spherical ball instead. In either case, a hole through the cone or ball allows the fluid to pass if it is lined up with the openings in the socket through which the fluid enters and leaves; turning the cone using the handle rotates the passage away, presenting the fluid with the unbroken surface of the cone through which it cannot pass. Valves of this type using a cylinder rather than a cone are sometimes encountered, but using a cone allows a tight fit to be made even with moderate manufacturing tolerances. The ball in ball valves rotates within plastic seats. Hands free infrared proximity sensors are replacing the standard valve. Thermostatically controlled electronic dual-purpose mixing or diverting valves are used within industrial applications to automatically provide liquids as required. Foot controlled valves are installed within laboratory and healthcare/hospitals, as well as in industrial settings where extremely dirty hands operating taps might leave residues on them. Modern taps often have aerators at the tip to limit water flow and introduce air in the form of bubbles to reduce splashing. Without an aerator, water usually flows out of the tap in one big stream. An aerator spreads the water flow into many small droplets. In sanitary settings such as hospitals or laboratories "laminar flow devices" are used in place of aerators. Laminar flow devices restrict flow and direct the water into a smooth stream without introducing the surrounding air which could contain hazardous bacteria or particles. Cross section of a shower tap Modern bathroom and kitchen taps often use ceramic or plastic surfaces sliding against other spring-loaded ceramic surfaces or plastic washers. These taps exploit the uniquely low value of the coefficient of friction of 2 ceramic surfaces in contact, especially in the presence of water as a lubricant. These taps tend to require far less maintenance than traditional globe valves, and when maintenance is required the entire interior of the valve is usually replaced, often as a single pre-assembled cartridge. Of three manufacturers in North America, Moen and American Standard use cartridges (Moen's 4 being O-ring based, American Standard's being ceramic), while Delta uses rubber seats facing the cartridges. Each design has its advantages: Moen cartridges tend to be easiest to find, American Standard cartridges have nearly infinite lifespan in sediment-free municipal water, and Delta's rubber seats tend to be most forgiving of sediment in well water. 2.Why this product is selected? Faucets are very important engineering object in day-to-day life. It makes our life easier. Faucets are evolving fast since last 30 years. Its designs are changing day by day. But its application remains same though. There are some limitations I noticed in existing faucets. So, I decided to redesign it according to its limitations. A modern design of kitchen Faucet 5 3.ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGES PRODUCT ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES • Very durable • Easy to clean • Can control hot and cold Can’t turn flow in upward water easily direction. • Can control flow speed. FAUCET Can’t adjust height. Can’t pour water in corner of sink. Can’t adjust types of flow. 4. INTERVIEW TRANSCRIPTS Interview Person 1: Kaspars Me: What did you like most about Faucet? Kaspars: Simplicity and easy to use Me: What did you dislike most about Faucet? Kaspars: It cannot be used in corners. Its very difficult to clean corners of kitchen sink Me: Tell me about a time you were really frustrated by? Kaspars: It’s about the height. I could not adjust its height. Me: Tell me what you want to change in faucet? Kaspars: I would like to adjust the height according to our need. Me: How does this work? Well, how would you like to see it working? Kaspars: I just want to use it with more flexibility in height, Me: Why do you find this feature important? What do you think? 6 Kaspars: Because most of the time we need to bend ourselves to wash our mouths or face. By this way we can remove that difficulties. Me: Thanks for your response and your time Interview Person 2: Teddy Me: What did you like most about this Faucet? Teddy: I liked new designs of Faucet most. Me: What did you dislike most about Faucet? Teddy: The thing I hate most with Faucet is its inability to change the type of flow. Me: Tell me about a time you were really frustrated by Faucet? Teddy: We can not pour water in every portion of the sink Me: Tell me what you want to change in faucet? Teddy: I would like to see my daughter play with water. She really like to play with Tap. So, its better to add a feature with different flow type. Me: How does this work? Well, how would you like to see it working? Teddy: I think we could change the flow type mechanically in to 6 to 9 different flow type, Me: Why do you find this feature important? What do you think? Teddy: As I mentioned it would give us more flexibility to use our Faucet Me: Thanks for your response and your time Interview person 3: Dr. Anzil Shereef Me: What did you like most about this Faucet? Anzil: It makes our life easy and our kitchen or bathroom become more tidier Me: What did you dislike most about Faucet? Anzil: The main thing I dislike about Faucets are its inability to adjust height according to our need. 7 Me: Tell me about a time you were really frustrated by Faucet? Anzil: When we are cooking sometimes, we need to drink water. But its not possible to open the tap with dirty hands. Me Tell me what you want to change in faucet? Anzil: I would like to see faucet with more degree of freedom Me: How does this work? Well, how would you like to see it working? Anzil: Well, it like we could use it whatever angle we want, Me: Why do you find this feature important? What do you think? Anzil: I work at hospital. We need faucet every time. Faucet with more degree of freedom will give us more easiness in our work. Me: Thanks for your response and your time. 5.TABLE OF NEEDS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Ability to adjust height More degree of freedom Different Flow type Want to pour water in corners Want to turn around the flow in upward direction Want to use the Faucet in different angles Want to open the tap without hands 8 6.FUTURE DESIGNS 6.1.Ability to adjust height. Faucets with side handles will give more movement in the upward and downward direction FIG 1 . Revolving handle model. 6.1.2 Flexible body 9 By this design we can increase or decrease the height by providing the flexible body. FIG 2. Radio antenna model. 6.1.3 SLIDER TO ADJUST HEIGHT 10 By the help of a slider, we can increase or decrease the height of the pipe FIG 3. Slider height adjusting model PROS Adjust the height in any position No need to bend ourselves if we need to wash our face or mouth Very easy to change the height CONS Its heavy Costly Will have tear and wear because of the moving parts 11 No need to hold the Faucet in order to increase height 6.2. Changing the angle. 6.2.1 Angle adjusting by Arm rotating FIG 1. Upward flow by rotating the main arm PROS CONS 12 Easy to drink water Easy to wash children’s hand Will able to clean every parts of the sink Would splash water in our dress Would lose lot of water Will have tear and wear because of the moving parts 6.2.2 Adjusting angle with the help of mutltiple hinges in main arm FIG 2 Multiple hinge design PROS CONS Easy to clean sink Would splash water in our dress Easy to wash any objects according to the Would lose lot of water needs Will able to clean every parts of the sink Will have tear and wear because of the moving parts 13 6.2.3 Ball bearing to adjust angle. FIG 3 Ball bearing angle adjuster. PROS Easy to drink water Easy to wash children’s hand Will able to clean every parts of the sink CONS Would splash water in our dress Would lose lot of water Will have tear and wear because of the moving parts 14 6.3. Adjusting the types of flow 6.3.1 FLOW DIAMETER ADJUSTING DESIGN FIG 1 6.3.2 ROUND EDGE FLOW ADJUSTER 6.3.3 CONICAL FLOW ADJUSTER 15 0 FIG 3 Conical flow adjuster PROS Adjust flow of water according to our need 9 different flow type Will able to adjust angles CONS Cant change to flow type 1 to flow type 9 Chance of clogging Will have tear and wear because of the moving parts 7.CONCLUSION 16 Faucets are one of the essential engineering inventions which making our life easier than ever before. It is evolving ever since its discovery. Technologies will increase our quality of life, in fact technologies hold a major role in improving our quality of life. Kitchen utilities hold an important role in our life. Faucets are one of them. So, improving its application will give more freedom to work in our kitchen or in the bathroom. So here we came to an understanding that Faucets also needs some improvement according to the interviewers. The main need we figured out is the adjusting the height of faucet. We redesigned it with more degree of freedom. Also, we adjusted the flow type up to 9 different flow. On top of that I introduced upward water flow. By this way we could wash or drink our mouth with more easiness. 17
