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What are AX-type of ceramic structures? What is their coordination number and
cation to anion ratio? Explain briefly with the help of an example and schematic
structure.
What are AmXp-type of ceramic structures? What is their coordination number and
cation to anion ratio? Explain briefly with the help of an example and schematic
structure.
What is Nanotechnology? Mention 4 fields where being is being extensively used.
How are nanomaterials classified in terms of their freedom? Give one example
each.
List out the differences between crystalline and amorphous materials? Calculate
the APF of a BCC structure.
What is Tunneling? What are the factors on which penetration depth depends?
Mention two applications of tunneling.
How are nanoparticles classified in terms of freedom/confinement?
An electron with a total energy of Eo= 6 eV approaches a potential barrier with a
height of V0 = 12 eV. If the width of the barrier is L = 0.18 nm, deduce the
penetration depth and the transmission coefficient.
A potential barrier of height V0 = 16 eV lies in the path of an electron with a total
energy of Eo= 10 eV. If the width of the barrier is L = 0.36 nm, deduce the
penetration depth and the probability that the electron will tunnel through the
barrier?
Derive an expression for density of states in 2D nanoparticles and show the
dependence of DOS and energy with the help of a diagram.
Derive an expression for density of states in 1-D nanoparticles and show the
dependence of DOS and energy with the help of a diagram.
Derive an expression for density of states in 1D nanoparticles. With the help of a
diagram, show the relation between DOS and energy.
Derive an expression for density of states in 3-D nanoparticles. Show the
dependence of DOS and energy with the help of a diagram.
Given a rocket (M = 2x106 kg) moving with a speed of 7.9 km/hr and an electron
(m = 9.1 x 10-31 kg) too moving with the same speed. Explain which of these
would follow the laws of Newton and why, or why not? (h = 6.63 × 10-34 m2 kg /
s)
How do you classify materials in terms of their bonds? Write down properties of
any two bonds?
An electron (me= 9.1x10-31 kg) is moving in +x direction with a velocity of 200
km/s. Calculate the wavelength associated with this electron. What is the kinetic
energy of this wave?
Explain clusters and the reason they need to be studied.
Define excitons and classify them. List the types of confinements.
List any two methods of synthesizing CNTs? Briefly explain any one. Also mention
two applications of the CNTs. Further, explain what do SWNT and MWNT stand
for?
What are clusters and why do we need to study them? Mention any three methods
of detecting clusters.
What are Fullerenes? Mention the types of Fullerenes and write any two of its
applications.
Classify the types of excitons? Explain them briefly with the help of diagrams.
23. Differentiate between physical and chemical routes of synthesizing
nanomaterials.
24. State the difference between top-down and bottom-up approaches of synthesizing
nanomaterials. Give one example each.
25. Write any two advantages and two disadvantages of physical synthesis methods.
26. Explain top down process and give two examples of the same.
27. List 4 advantages of chemical synthesis routes. Mention any two processes of this
route.
28. List the types of biological synthesis methods. Mention atleast one reducing agent
used in each type.
29. With the help of an example and a flow diagram, explain how would you
synthesize a colloidal nanomaterial and how would you avoid agglomeration?
30. With help of an example illustrate the difference in the synthesis using chemical
and biological routes.
31. With help of an example and a flow diagram, explain precipitation method of
synthesizing a nanomaterial.
32. With help of an example and a flow diagram, explain hybrid method of
synthesizing a nanomaterial.
33. With help of a flow diagram, explain biological method of synthesizing gold
nanoparticles.
34. With help of an example and a flow diagram, explain how would you use coprecipitation method for synthesizing nanomaterial.
35. State four differences between microscopy and spectroscopy.
36. Explain how an X-ray pattern provide information about strain in the sample.
37. Draw the XRD pattern for an amorphous and a crystalline material.
38. Write 4 applications of UV-Vis spectroscopy.
39. List four differences between SEM and TEM.
40. Elaborate what SEM stands for? Which type of electrons are used for this? Briefly
explain.
41. Explain the principle of UV-Vis and how can it be used to determine the size of the
nanoparticles.
42. List three differences between SEM and TEM.
43. Explain briefly about atomic force microscopy (AFM).
44. Explain briefly about scanning tunnelling microscopy (SEM).
45. Explain briefly, the principle of X-ray diffraction? List 4 applications of this
method.
46. Explain briefly the principle of UV-Vis? What are the applications of this method?
47. Propose an application of nanotechnology. Explain which nanoparticles would be
used and what would be their structure and properties.
48. Choose and nanomaterial and propose an application of that. Explain how you
would synthesize it and what tools would you use to analyze it.
49. Write a short note on structure and properties a nanomaterial used in
structures/buildings. Also mention where and how is it used.
50. Write a short note on the properties on any nanomaterial that will make it useful
for application in civil engineering.
51. With the view point of an application, write a short note on structure and
properties of a nanomaterial.
52. Discuss the two physical and one chemical properties of nanoparticles and its
association with size.
53. Mention any 4 properties that change by reducing the size of a material to nano.