CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction of the Project Work
A structure is a system of inter connected elements such as frames to carry loads safely to
underground earth. In India there are many old buildings which have reduced strength in
due course of time. These buildings have age more than 30 years. If such deteriorated
structure is continued it may collapse & endanger the lives of the occupants and
surrounding habitation. The health examination of concrete building called as “Structural
audit" Structural audit is an overall health and performance check-up of building like a
doctor examines a patient. It also suggests some Repair to increase the Serviceability of the
building. It is necessary for maintenance and Repair of Existing Structure having age more
than 30 years.
The damage or deterioration greatly depends on the quality of work at the construction
stage. The deterioration of buildings can be a result of various factors including fire
damage, frost action, chemical attack, corrosion of steel etc during the life span of the
structure.
1.2 Background in industry
Nowdays in this growing world , the construction of structure is also growing on large
scale. In which concrete construstion is heavily constructed . Which is need for nowdays
but it also have some problems which you will get to know in next point
1.3 Problem Statement
But also nowdays life of stuructures are estimated as 100 or more years , but they
use to get collapsed in 30 or less than estimated life of structure, and which cause heavy life
damage as the structure some times not give any warning of being collapse. Which is because
of not regular testing of structure by NDT methods . Which can insure the life of building and
detect the flwas as well which can be fixed so that the structure could last long .
Reasons for structural instability
1. Improper structural stability.
2. Type of structural Instability
3. Structural distress & material detoriation.
4. Deformation by visual inspection.
5. Alteration and addition in the structure misuse which may result in overloading.
6. Strength of the building.
Hence various tests are required to understand the current stability condition of structure. In the
current project work the NDT test on old concrete will be tested with NDT testing instrument
Rebound Hammer test to compare the out from each of it ,a structural audit will be carried out
an 30 to 40 years old building ,find the structural instability suggest suitable rehabitation work.