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INTRODUCTION
The Introduction to Keyboarding course is designed for individuals
who have no formal training in keyboarding. The objective is to
teach students the skill of keyboarding – essential to the learning of
other computer applications and workplace skills. The course begins
with an overview of the basics of computer use. Students learn
about the components of the computer and keyboard, as well as the
seating, posture, and hand positioning necessary for efficient
keyboarding. Students are then introduced to keyboarding using the
TypingTrainer software program. This software program uses a
variety of methods to acquaint the student, including graphical
keyboard drills, and keyboarding Self-Tests. Upon completion of this
course, students are expected to keyboard at minimum 10 words
per minute.
HISTORY OF KEYBOARDING
the computer keyboard as a device for electromechanical data
entry and communication derives largely from the utility of two
devices: teleprinters (or teletypes) and keypunches. It was through
such devices that modern computer keyboards inherited their
layouts.
As early as the 1870s, teleprinter-like devices were used to
simultaneously type and transmit stock market text data from the
keyboard across telegraph lines to stock ticker machines to be
immediately copied and displayed onto ticker tape. The teleprinter,
in its more contemporary form, was developed from 1907 to 1910
by American mechanical engineer Charles Krum and his son Howard,
with early contributions by electrical engineer Frank Pearne. Earlier
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models were developed separately by individuals such as Royal Earl
House and Frederick G. Creed.
Earlier, Herman Hollerith developed the first keypunch devices,
which soon evolved to include keys for text and number entry akin
to normal typewriters by the 1930s.
The keyboard on the teleprinter played a strong role in point-topoint and point-to-multipoint communication for most of the 20th
century, while the keyboard on the keypunch device played a strong
role in data entry and storage for just as long. The development of
the earliest computers incorporated electric typewriter keyboards:
the development of the ENIAC computer incorporated a keypunch
device as both the input and paper-based output device, while the
BINAC computer also made use of an electromechanically controlled
typewriter for both data entry onto magnetic tape (instead of paper)
and data output.
The keyboard remained the primary, most integrated computer
peripheral well into the era of personal computing until the
introduction of the mouse as a consumer device in 1984. By this
time, text-only user interfaces with sparse graphics gave way to
comparatively graphics-rich icons on screen. However, keyboards
remain central to human-computer interaction to the present, even
as mobile personal computing devices such as smartphones and
tablets adapt the keyboard as an optional virtual, touchscreenbased means of data entry.
DEFINITION OF KEYBOARDING
A computer keyboard is a typewriter-style device which uses an
arrangement of buttons or keys to act as mechanical levers or
electronic switches. Following the decline of punch cards and paper
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tape, interaction via teleprinter-style keyboards became the main
input method for computers.
Keyboard keys (buttons) typically have characters engraved or
printed on them, [better source needed] and each press of a key
typically
corresponds
to
a
single
written
symbol.
However,
producing some symbols may require pressing and holding several
keys simultaneously or in sequence. While most keyboard keys
produce letters, numbers or signs (characters), other keys or
simultaneous key presses can produce actions or execute computer
commands.
In normal usage, the keyboard is used as a text entry interface for
typing text and numbers into a word processor, text editor or any
other program. In a modern computer, the interpretation of key
presses is generally left to the software. A computer keyboard
distinguishes each physical key from every other key and reports all
key presses to the controlling software. Keyboards are also used for
computer gaming — either regular keyboards or keyboards with
special gaming features, which can expedite frequently used
keystroke combinations.
A keyboard is also used to give commands to the operating system
of a computer, such as Windows'Control-Alt-Delete combination.
Although on Pre-Windows 95 Microsoft operating systems this
forced a re-boot, now it brings up a system security options screen.
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DIFFERENT BETWEEN COMPUTER AND MANUAL TYPEWRITER
COMPUTER
1.
2.
MANUAL TYPEWRITER
A computer on its own
1.
A typewriter creates the
cannot print: it requires an
letters by pressing ink
external device to print
through a ribbon
A computer printer is
2. But a typewriter is self-
useless without a
contained
computer to drive it
3.
A computer can function
3. While modern typewriters
with electricity of some
are electric, the majority of
description (including
typewriters for decades
batteries)
were manual - no
electricity required
4.
The computer is well
4. Whereas a typewriter has
known
never been seen by some
of the younger generation
5.
You can play games on a
5. You cannot play games on
computer
6.
a typewriter
You can access the internet
6. You cannot access the
and send email with a
internet or send email with
computer, it can it be
a typewriter, neither can it
connected to a telephone
be connected to a
line
telephone line (A TELEX
machine, however can be)
7.
A computer can be used
7. A typewriter is not multi-
for surfing the web,
functional as a computer.
learning, communicating
Typewriters are only used
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and entertainment.
to type up things neatly
onto a sheet of paper,
LIST AND EXPLAIN 20 PARTS OF MANUAL TYPEWRITER
1.
PAPER REST: The older typewriters, especially, have ornate
paper rests on the top back of the typewriter. Sometimes
they are too pretty to cover up!
2. CARRIAGE: The carriage is the top portion of the typewriter.
It is made up of a rubber platen, roller knobs, paper guides,
bail rollers, roller bar, and depending on models, margin
tabs.
3. CARRIAGE RETURN: The metal bar to the left side of a
typewriter. It returns the carriage to the starting position of
a new line. Think of it as the RETURN button.
4. PAPER GUIDE: Holds your paper in place, and, if you want
to figure out your margins, each typewriter has rulers in
multiple places.
5. RIBBON
SPOOL/SPINDLE:
Inked
ribbons
are
wound
around a spool and placed on two spindles. Most typewriters
have a combination black/red ribbon, but not all. The
spindles are able to move in either direction so that once
you get to the end of your spool, you flip a lever and the
spools will reverse directions.
6. ESCAPEMENT: The metal gears that hold the type bars.
Some typewriters use this as an place to add an ornament
or design.
7. TYPE BARS: I also call them strikers. The keys on a
typewriter are attached to metal arms that control the type
bars. These strike the inked ribbon and leave an imprint on
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the paper. (Sometimes when you type too fast the get stuck
together. No worries. Simply tap each bar down one at a
time.) The type bars have a type HEAD on the top. This is
the actual embossed letter or symbol. Each typehead has at
least two letters or symbols on it. Uppercase and lowercase
letters are considered individual symbols.
Turns the platen to advance the paper in
8. ROLLER KNOB:
either direction.
9. ROLLER RELEASE: As you turn the platen (roller), you’ll
feel a “click” as you turn. Each click represents one-half of a
line. The roller release removes this and allows the roller to
turn freely.
10. CARRIAGE RETURN/HANDLE: In addition to returning the
carriage to the starting position, it advances the rubber
platen to the next line based on the line height you have set
up.
(i.e.
Single,
double,
triple)
Remember
the
roller
advances at 1/2 line increments.
11. LINE HEIGHT:
This lever sets the setting for either single
line or double line so that when you press the carriage
return, it will advance to the next line based on this setting.
12. RIBBON DIRECTION: When you reach the end of your
spool, instead of rewinding the ribbon, simply use this lever
to reverse the direction of the spool.
13. TOUCH SELECTOR: They didn’t have copy machines back
then so they used copy paper. Copy paper had an inked
sheet on the back of it so that when you typed, it would
create an identical copy. The touch selector increases or
decreases how hard the type bars strike the paper.
14. PLATEN OR CYLINDER: Rubber roller around which the
paper moves
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15. PRINTING-POINT INDICATOR: Indicates scale point where
machine is ready to print
16. PAPER BAIL- Clamps the paper to cylinder
17. RIGHT MARGIN STOP- Lever to adjust setting of margins
18. BACKSPACE KEY- Moves carriage backone space at a time
19. TAB SET KEY- Places at tab stop at desired point
20.
TAB BAR OR TABULATOR- Releases carriage so it moves
to a point where a tab stop has been set
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REFERENCES
One Author
"computer keyboard". TheFreeDictionary.com. Retrieved 26 June 2018.
  "Engraved symbols filled with pigmented plastic and heat fused are
very durable, for example. ... It's integral to the key, and all but impossible to
wear off.""How are keyboards keys painted?".
One Author
Khalid Saeed (2016). New Directions in Behavioral Biometrics. ISBN 9781315349312.
One Author
"Bill Gates Says He's Sorry About Control-Alt-Delete". SlashDot.org. ..menu to
bring up the task manager
  "Control-Alt-Delete in the World of VDI". From its humble origins, ..
evolved into .. screen with options to
  "Essay on Technology Advancements in Computer Interfaces".
One Author
Smith, Andy (15 June 2011). "Gallery: IBM: 100 Years of THINKing Big".
ZDNet. Archived from the original on 10 December 2015. Retrieved 20
October 2015.
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