Disaster Readiness and Risk
Reduction Management
Disaster Assessment
and Management
Prof. Jericho Ruiz Medina, RN, BSN
National Lecturer & Reviewer for Philippine
Licensure Examinations
Disaster Risk
Reduction Principles
Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR)

It is about supporting local civil society,
communities, households and individuals
to become less vulnerable and
strengthen their capacity to anticipate,
resist, cope with and recover from
natural hazards.

An over- emphasis on disaster and
humanitarian relief has made way for the
contemporary terms such as disaster
reduction and disaster risk management.
Disaster Risk Reduction

The concept and practice of reducing
disaster risks through systematic efforts
to analyze and manage the casual
factors of disasters.
Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR)

DRR aims to reduce the effects of hazards and
the vulnerabilities of a community to safeguard
the level of development achieved. Specifically,
the key concepts of DRR are the following:
 Governance
 Risk assessment and action
 Knowledge management by building
understanding and awareness
 Risk reduction
 Disaster preparedness
Governance
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Making disaster risk reduction a priority
(e.g. integrating disaster risk reduction into
development policies, and planning);
to develop policies, laws, and
organizational arrangements, plans,
programs, projects to integrate risk
reduction and allocate funds and
resources to support the program.
Risk Assessment and Action

Improving risk Information and
early warning

developing effective early warning
systems which are appropriately
adapted to the unique circumstances of
the people at risk)
Knowledge Management by Building
Understanding and Awareness

Building culture of safety and
resilience

including DRR subject matter in formal,
non-formal, and informal education, and
training activities
Risk Reduction

reducing the risks in key sectors

protecting precious ecosystems such as
coral reefs and mangrove forests, allowing
these to act as natural storm barriers
Disaster Preparedness

strengthening preparedness for
response

development and regular testing of
contingency plans and regular disaster
preparedness exercises including
evacuation drills which are also keys to
ensuring rapid and effective disaster
response.
Disaster Risk Reduction Principles

General Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management (DRRM) principles:
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Development can either increase or decrease
disaster risk
Disaster risk reduction policy will NOT save lives
unless implemented in communities
Community is the “frontline” of disaster risk
management
DRRM is not a “stand alone” activity
DRR must become a normal part in human activity
Eliminating/Reducing
the RISK!
… increasing COPING CAPACITIES!
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Efficient, operational and warning systems
Effective disaster management practices
Safe evacuation centers and well plane
organizing
Individual/community preparedness
National Disaster Risk Reduction
and Management

The National Disaster Risk Reduction
and Management Plan (NDRRMP)
fulfills the requirement of RA No.
10121 of 2010, which provides the
legal basis for policies, plans and
programs to deal with disasters.
National Disaster Risk Reduction
and Management Plan 2011-2028.
The NDRRMP sets down the expected
outcomes, outputs, key activities,
indicators, lead agencies, implementing
partners and timelines under each of
the four distinct yet mutually reinforcing
thematic areas. The goals of each
thematic area lead to the attainment of
the country’s overall DRRM vision
The NDRRMP covers four thematic
areas, namely:
 Disaster Prevention and Mitigation;
 Disaster Preparedness;
 Disaster Response; and
 Disaster Rehabilitation and
Recovery,
Disaster Prevention
and Mitigation

Avoid hazards and mitigate their
potential impacts by reducing
vulnerabilities and exposure and
enhancing capacities of communities

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Reduce vulnerability and exposure of
communities to all hazards
Enhance capacities of communities to
reduce their own risks and cope with the
impacts of all hazards
Disaster Prevention
and Mitigation


measures taken in advance of a hazard
impact to reduce or eliminate risk to
society and environment.
System and policies are being
implemented to detect, deny and defuse
hazards or threats.
Disaster Prevention and Mitigation
Department of Science
and Technology (DOST)

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Early warning systems
Forecasting and monitoring
Hazard and risk mappings
Structural and non-structural
interventions
Disaster Preparedness

Establish and strengthen capacities of
communities to anticipate, cope and recover from
the negative impacts of emergency occurrences
and disasters

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Increase the level of awareness of the community to the
threats and impacts of all hazards, risks and vulnerabilities
Equip the community with the necessary skills to cope
with the negative impacts of a disaster
Increase the capacity of institutions
Develop and implement comprehensive national and local
disaster preparedness policies, plans and systems
Strengthen partnership among all key players and
stakeholders
Disaster Preparedness

course of action of each kind of
emergency outlined, and conduct drills
/dry-run to enhance emergency
response during and after the disaster.
Disaster Prevention and Mitigation
Department of Interior and
Local Government (DILG)

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Planning
Prepositioning and
stockpiling
Organizing responders
Training, drills and exercises
Disaster Response

Provide life preservation and meet the basic
subsistence needs of affected population
based on acceptable standards during or
immediately after a disaster
 Decrease the number of preventable
deaths and injuries
 Provide basic subsistence needs of
affected population
 Immediately restore basic social
services
Disaster Response

plan of steps to take during crisis are
put into effect and directed towards
saving life, protecting property, and
dealing with the immediate damage
caused by the disaster.
Disaster Prevention and Mitigation
Department of Social Welfare
and Development (DSWD)
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Damage assessment
Evacuation
Issuance of advisories
Search, rescue and retrieval
Relief distribution
Management of evacuation
centers
Disaster Rehabilitation
and Recovery

Restore and improve facilities, livelihood and
living conditions and organizational capacities
of affected communities and reduce disaster
risks in accordance with the “build back better”
principle

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To restore people’s means of livelihood and continuity
of economic activities and business
To restore shelter and other building/installation
To reconstruct infrastructure and other public utilities
To assist in the physical and psychological
rehabilitation of persons who suffered from the effects
of disaster
Disaster Rehabilitation
and Recovery

deals on restoration of affected
communities / areas to proper or normal
level of functioning and development
with reduced vulnerability and increased
sustainability.
Disaster Prevention and Mitigation
National Economic and
Development Authority (NEDA)

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Post-disaster needs
assessment
Review of policies and plans
Resettlement
Provision of new sources of
livelihood
Community
Preparedness Plan
PRE-EVENT
Mitigation - measures taken in advance of a hazard that
aimed of reducing its impact on society and environment
a. Hazard / Risk Identification
Assessment
- develop, update and disseminate hazard
maps and related information to decision
makers
b. Enforcement of zoning
- land-use and building, fire codes
c. Integrating /
Mainstreaming Disaster Risk
Management
- incorporate in infrastructure
construction, curriculum development in
education, provision of funds
d. Developing Early Warning
Systems
- risk assessment and mapping, put –up
early warning devices, , communication
dissemination, and establishing response
capability
PRE-EVENT
Preparedness – measures undertaken to prepare people to
react appropriately during an following such emergencies
a. Planning
- make disaster management plans, contingency
plans, establish Incident Command System (ICS),
tap for mutual aid arrangements,
b. Advocacy
- dissemination of information through mass media,
conduct DRR for a and symposia, and observance
of disaster consciousness month, etc.
c. Education and
Training
- deputize coordinators, conduct drills and
exercises, conduct community trainings, tap
accredited Civilian Disaster Volunteers (SCDV)
d. Resources
- provide or tap manpower, materials, methods,
machinery and money
POST-EVENT
Response – measures undertaken immediately
following an emergency aimed to save lives and
protecting properties
a. Early warning
- provide timely and rapid dissemination of
warnings to threatened communities or
population
b. The “Golden
Hour Principle”
- act according to “the within which most
lives could be saved and injuries could be
minimized”
c. Incidence
Command System
- put-up on-scene management of disaster
operation activities
POST-EVENT
Rehabilitation - measures undertaken to restore affected
communities to proper or normal level of functioning to reduce
vulnerability and increased sustainability
a. Short term
- restore necessary lifeline systems like
power, water and communication, sewage,
transportation and etc.
- provision of food, shelter and clothing
- monitoring law and order
b. Long term
- restoring economic activity and
development, rebuilding communities,
facilities, and reconstruction to minimize
future hazard impacts
Community-Based
Practices for Managing
Disaster Risk
Community preparedness

refers to community-wide efforts to
give citizens the training, education
and resources they need to prepare in
advance against threat of a possible
local disaster at an individual level and
collective level.

Hence, community-based practices for
managing disaster risk is necessary to
become prepared, responsive and resilient.
Community preparedness
The following suggested steps have known to be
the best practices in the household and in the
community.
Basic steps to make sure you remain safe:
1. Meet with your family or household members.
2. Discuss how to prepare and respond to
emergencies that are most likely to happen.
3. Identify responsibilities for each member and plan
to work together as a team.
Community preparedness
Plan what to do in case you are separated
during emergency.
1.
Choose two places to meet.
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2.
Right outside your house in case sudden emergency,
such as fire.
Outside your neighborhood in case you cannot return
home or asked to evacuate.
Choose an out emergency contact person and the
best thing is to let the household members
memorized phone numbers of contact persons
during emergency.
EARTHQUAKE DRILL
BEFORE…
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Know the emergency evacuation plan and
prepare survival kit.
Be familiar with the dangerous spot inside
offices, buildings, houses, or rooms.
Be careful with things which may harm people
during earthquake. It is better to fix as early as
possible like faulty electrical wiring, leaky gas
connection, movable glass tables, cabinets and
shelves.
BEFORE…
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Identify safe places indoors and outdoors.
Educate everyone about emergency contacts.
Prepare stocks of emergency supplies like
foods, water, medicines, flashlights and more.
Survival kit is a must.
Make an evacuation and reunion plan. Ensure
that everyone will see each other after
DURING…
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During the earthquake execute duck, cover
and hold.
Take cover under sturdy table or piece of
furniture for protection from falling objects.
Hold that position and stay wherever you are
until the shaking stops and you cannot
anymore feel the ground movement.
Do not immediately proceed to the door,
some doors will swings which can even cause
injury.
Then go out of the building as you feel safe to
do so.
AFTER…
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Once the earthquake is over, listen to the
battery operated radio or television for
updates of aftershock.
Stay away from damaged area.
Stay away from the beach if living in a
coastal area
Be aware of possible tsunamis
Landslide re also possible for mountainous
areas as well as the ground rapture for areas
along active fault lines which causes the
ground break
If OUTSIDE during earthquake…
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If outsiders, move away from building
and strengths.
Immediately proceed to open area.
Once in the open, stay there and do
not go near building and tall
infrastructure to avoid falling debris
If in a moving vehicle, stop as quickly
as safety permits.
If OUTSIDE during earthquake…
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Avid stopping near buildings,
overpasses, bridges, or ramps which
might have been damaged during
earthquake.
If you are on a sidewalk near building,
duck into a doorway to protect
yourself from falling breaks, glass,
plaster, and other debris.
If Inside/ Trapped In An
Establishment During Earthquake
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If you are in a crowded store or other
public place, do not rush to exits.
Move away from display shelves
containing objects that might fall.
If trapped under debris, cover your
mouth with handkerchief.
FIRE DRILL
BEFORE…

Know the emergency
evacuation plan and prepare
the survival kit.
DURING and AFTER…
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In an orderly manner, exit the
building, staying low to avoid
smoke inhalation.
If the fire alarm has been activated,
pull the closest fire alarm when
exiting the building.
DURING and AFTER…
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Familiarized yourself the layout of the
building. Escape routes are posted
throughout buildings in areas easily
accessible to everyone.
If you are the last to exit a house, classroom
or office close the door, reducing the fire’s
spread and damage.
After exiting, meet in designated areas to be
counted for. Under no circumstances you
should not re-enter a burning building.
Tropical Cyclones, Flash
Flood and Storm Surge
BEFORE…
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Know the emergency evacuation
plan and prepare the survival kit.
Listen to the early warnings like
PAG-ASA forecast and warnings
and local community warnings.
Get the household members ready
anytime in case of flash flood.
BEFORE…
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Listen to the evacuation and
preventive measures of the local
or barangay DRRM like early
evacuation.
Evacuate while roads and bridges
are passable en route to the
evacuation area
Bring pets and farm animals to
higher and safe ground.
DURING…
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Coordinate with the DRRM for
instruction.
Turn off the main electricity switch and
the LPG tank, and lock the doors.
Always find secure elevated place.
Keep away from flooded areas
especially if you are not sure how deep
the floodwater is.
Keep children away from playing in
floodwater.
AFTER…
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Make sure that the area is safe
before leaving the evacuation
center.
Repair the damaged parts of the
house.
Make sure that electrical lines and
outlets are safe before using them
again.
AFTER…
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Help out in the repair of damaged
facilities in the community such us
school, water pipes, etc.
Make sure your food is properly
cooked and water is boiled for
drinking.
EPIDEMIC &
PANDEMIC
BEFORE…
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Listen to the early warnings like DOH and IATF
Inform the household members to be ready
anytime.
DURING…
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Practice minimum standard of health practices
like sanitation and disinfecting procedures.
Follow the government mandates and
guidelines.
Stay at home is the best remedy.
AFTER…

Follow the government mandates and guidelines
on the post minimum health standard practices.
What Do You Need In A
Survival Kit?
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Water: one gallon per person, per
day (3-day supply for evacuation,
2-week supply for home)
Food: non-perishable, easy-toprepare items (3-day supply for
evacuation, 2-week supply for
home)
Flashlight
Battery-powered or hand-crank
radio
Extra batteries
Deluxe family first aid kit
Medications (7-day supply) and
medical items
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Multi-purpose tool
Sanitation and personal hygiene
items
Copies of personal documents
(medication list and pertinent
medical information, proof of
address, deed/lease to home,
passports, birth certificates,
insurance policies)
Cell phone with chargers
Family and emergency contact
information and Map(s) of the area
Extra cash
Emergency blanket
What Do You Need In A
Survival Kit?

Consider the needs of all family members and
add supplies to your kit:
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Medical supplies (hearing aids with extra batteries,
glasses, contact lenses, syringes, etc)
Baby supplies (bottles, formula, baby food, diapers)
Games and activities for children
Pet supplies (collar, leash, ID, food, carrier, bowl)
Two-way radios
Extra set of car keys and house keys
Manual can opener
What Do You Need In A
Survival Kit?
Additional supplies to keep at home or in your survival kit
based on the types of disasters common to your area:
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Whistle
N95 or surgical masks
Matches
Rain gear
Towels
Work gloves
Tools/supplies for securing
your home
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Duct tape
Scissors
Household liquid bleach
Entertainment items
Blankets or sleeping bags
Plastic sheeting
Extra clothing, hat and
sturdy shoes
THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING!
- End of Lecture -