Applied Chemistry
Experiment 2: Separation Techniques
Mass (g)
Mass of sand/salt/iron mixture
Mass of weighing boat
Mass of Iron + weighing boat
Mass of Iron
Mass of petri dish
Mass of sand + petri dish
Mass of Sand
Mass of conical flask
Mass of salt + conical flask
Mass of Salt
Total mass of mixture recovered
% error
Data Sheet
Trial 1 (Gravity)
Trial 2 (Buchner)
5,0149g
5,0017g
2,3457g
2,2704g
4,1996g
3,6887g
1,8539g
1,4183g
15,7872g
16,0013g
16,8648g
16,9836g
1,0812g
0,9823g
112,8415g
112,8754g
114,587g
114,517g
1,7455g
1.6416g
4,6806g
4,0422g
6,7%
19%
Show Calculations:
4,1996g-2,3457g=18539g
2,2704g=14183g
3,6887g-
16,8648g-15,7872g=1,0812g
16,0013g=0,9823g
16,9836g-
114,587g-112,0415g=2,5455g
% error =
114,517g-112,8754g=1,6416g
(Actual mass – theoretical mass) x 100 = (5,0149g - 4,6806g) x 100 =
Actual mass
5,0149g
= 0,3343 x 100 = 6,7%
5,0149
% error = (Actual mass – theoretical mass) x 100 = (5,0017g - 4,0422g) x 100 =
Actual mass
5,0017g
Applied Chemistry
= 0,9595 x 100 = 19%
5,0017
Questions:
1. Give the type of chemical bonding (covalent, ionic or metallic) in each substance used
Type of chemical bonding
Iron
- Metallic bonding
Sand
- Covalent bonding
Salt
- Ionic bonding
2. Why is it better to flute the filter paper for a gravity filtration?
It maximises the range how the water/liquid may flow through the filtration paper by
increasing the filtration area and allowing the air to enter the conical flask on it’s sides.
3. Why do you first wet the filter paper with the solvent before vacuum filtration?
To secure it to the bottom of the filter funnel, without wetting the paper it may float, when the
water/liquid is poured, and the solid product can pass around the filter paper ending up in the
conical flask.