Applied Anatomy Lower Limb
ROM
Type
Normal ROM
Position
Goni Position
Notes
HIP: Flexion
0-120 degrees
Soft
CP: Supine
F:
SA:
MA:
Supine
Palpitate:
ASIS
Iliac crest (ant)
Gr. Trochanter
(lat)
Malleoulus med
or lateral
TP: Lateral side
of pt, you can
kneel or sit on
the stool
Lateral side
** over
compensations:
pelvis hiked.
Rotation of the
leg
HIP: Extension
0-30 degrees
Firm
CP: Prone
TP:
HIP: Abduction
0-45 degrees
Firm
CP: Supine
TP:
HIP: Adduction
30-0 degrees
Firm
CP: Supine
*Non-tested leg
is abducted
TP: Standing on
opposite side of
TE
F:
SA:
MA:
*look for
pelvis/lumbar
compensatory
movement
*you can place the
pt’s hand and put
the hand gently
where it should be
moving
F: ASIS
SA: Horizontal
b/w both ASIS
MA: Parallel to
the ant m/l of
the femur
F: ASIS
SA: Horizontally
b/w both ASIS
MA: Parallel to
the ant m/l of
the femur
**notice for
compensatory of
external rotation
*leg being tested
is going towards
the OT, standing
toward the non
tested leg, it is
abducted
HIP NEUTRAL
Starting in
normal position
*don’t want to
really cross m/l
bc then it crosses
Move it into as
much as
abduction
**first thing to
remember is the
non-TE is
abducted
Compensate
would be lumbar,
or lateral bending
HIP: External
Rotation
0-45 degrees
Firm
CP: Sitting, knees
& hip flexed 90
F:
degrees
SA:
MA:
TP:
**Leg (foot) goes
in & hip jt goes
out
*space b/w the
back of knee and
tx table, 2/3 of
the thigh
supported
*look rotation of
the femur
HIP: Internal
Rotation
0-45 degrees
Firm
CP: Sitting
TP:
KNEE: Flexion
0-135 degrees
Soft
CP: Supine, knee
straight
*Can be prone
too
F:
SA:
MA:
F:
SA:
MA:
*Pt will try to
hike the hip,
bend to the side,
foot will,
Core is usually
stronger and will
try to
compensate
**Leg (foot) goes
out & hip jt goes
in
**Knee goes fully
flexed
*must note if
there are
contractures so
must put ex. 5135 degrees
TP:
KNEE: Extension 135-0 degrees
END FEEL: Firm
CP: Supine, knee
flexed
The client is
laying supine
with the hip and
knee flexed then
moves into
maximum knee
extension (hip
will also extend.
*Can be prone
too
TP: observe
femur for
compensatory
actions
PRONE: laying
prone and knee
is in full fexion
F: over lateral
epicondyle of
femur
SA: Parallel to
lateral midline
of femur
MA:parallel to
the lateral
midline of fibula
**Muscle to
muscle so it is
soft end feel
*
*Starts with knee
flexed @ 135
degrees
*look for
contractures, the
best the pt can
do ex. 20 degrees
of limitation 13520 degrees
Prone: make sure
the leg is not
laterally rotated
(external)
*Go from knee
flexion to then
extension, notice
any limitation
(leg is suspended
high up instead
of full extension)
No
contracindcations
and put the,
prone might get a
bigger
measurement on
nknee flexion
rectus femoris
being shut off
Passive and
active
insufficiency
ANKLE:
Dorsiflexion
0-20 degrees
Firm
CP: Sitting, knees F:
flexed 90
SA:
degrees, ankle
MA:
neutral
TP:
ANKLE:
Plantarflexion
ANKLE:
Eversion
0-50 degrees
Firm
0-15 degrees
Hard
CP: Sitting, knee
flexed 90
degrees, ankle
neutral,
TP:
CP: Sitting
TP: holding the
goni against foot
ANKLE:
Inversion
0-35 degrees
Firm
CP: Sitting
TP:
Type
Muscles Used
Patient Position
F:
SA:
MA:
F:
SA: right in the
m
MA:
**Can be done
supine, feet off of
the tx table
*Hold on to the
goni to not lose it
*don’t go over
the contour, use
the metatarsal
5th
*
Same as
dorsiflexion
Who has more
range b/c of the
heels?
*b/w the ankle
and metatarsal
*use the long
selnder thin one
that can
bendable one
*Just behind the
malleoulus
*compensatory
tech: tibia and
fibula
*don’t go into
plantar flexion
then you might
get more
inversion, now
you’re using
different joints
F:
SA:
MA:
Therapist
Position
Notes
HIP: Flexion
Major mover +
iliopsoas
Start:
End:
Stabilize: on
opposite side of
LE being tested
Resistance:
HIP: Extension
Major is
gluteus
maximus
Start:
End:
Stabilize: by the
hip to not ext.
rotate or come
up
Resistance: mid
end of femur,
hold, press
down
HIP: Abduction
HIP: Adduction
HIP: External
Rotation
Major mover –
gluteus medius
Start:
Stabilize:
End:
Resistance:
Start:
Stabilize:
End:
Resistance:
Start:
End:
Stabilize: anter
lateral of distsl
thigh
Resistance:
opposite
direction lower
leg proximal
ankle
*if weaker 3+ use
back extensors to
hike the hip up,
want to prevent
this
**Do not put
resistance until it
is in mid or full
range bc of
active/passive
insuffiency
**mid-range
then gave
resistance, the
leg was not fully
abducted = break
test
**They can clear
the opposite leg
*two methods
On the side of
the TE
The other
method is on the
non TE
**deep muscles
HIP: Internal
Rotation
KNEE: Flexion
KNEE: Extension
Start:
Stabilize:
End:
Resistance:
Start:
Stabilize:
End:
Resistance:
Start:
Stabilize: distal
femur
End:
Resistance:
ANKLE:
Dorsiflexion
ANKLE:
Plantarflexion
One prime
mover
Start: sitting
Stabilize:
End:
Resistance:
Start: prone,
foot hanging off
of the table or
supine pedal 2
the medal
Stabilize:
Resistance:
End:
ANKLE:
Eversion
ANKLE:
Inversion
Start:
Stabilize:
End:
Resistance:
Start:
Stabilize:
End:
Resistance:
*hold, hold, hold
*gravity
eliminated is
supine
*if weakness
then you but in
sidelying
*not complete
extension so it is
not locked
*do the break
test, how much
knee extension?
Usually you do
mid way of knee
extension
*placing hand on
lower leg
proximal to ankle
to stabilize,
*have them
already on
plantarflexion
and push
towards
dorsiflexion
*follow video not
hand out