Kingdom Protista Fungi Non- vascular Vascular without seeds Phyla Type of Cell (unicellular/multicellular, eukaryotic/prokaryotic) Reproduction Examples Distinct Features Euglenophyta Eukaryotic - Unicellular Asexual by cell division Euglenida, euglenoids, kinetoplastida Pyrrophyta Eukaryotic - Unicellular Asexual by cell division Dinophyceae, Syndiniales Covered with cellulose plates impregnate with silica Phaeophyta Eukaryotic - Multicellular Asexual by production of spores, sexually when haploid gametophytes from the spores unites Kelp, Fucales, Dictoyales, Ectocarpales, Sphacelaria Can grow more than 60m (kelp), can grow on rocks (rockweed). Brown Algae Chlorophyta Eukaryotic- Unicellular or multicellular Highly Variable Flagellated, cell walls are made of cellulose and pectin (Green Algae) Rhodophyta Eukaryotic - Multicellular Asexual by monospores carried by water currents until germination Chlorella, Chlamydomonas, Spirogyra, Ulva Palmaria, Delesseria, Chondrus, Coralline algae. Zygomycota Eukaryotic - Multicellular Asexual by producing sporangiospores Ascomycota Eukaryotic- Unicellular or multicellular Sexual through ascospores, asexual vis conidospores Black bread mold, microsporidia Yeast, molds, morels, tuffles, powdery mildrews Basidiomycota Eukaryotic - Multicellular Sexual- through basidiospores produced in the basidium (club-shaped structure) Mushrooms, bracket fungi, rusts, puffballs, smuts Posses septate hypae, found along the gills or pored underside the cap of mushroom , produces toxins Chytridiomycota Eukaryotic- Unicellular or multicellular Asexual through their spores with a single posterior flagellum, sexual if have flagellated gametes chytridium Have flagellated cells, most are decomposers. Forms thallus that have rhizoids Bryophyta Eukaryotic - Multicellular Alteration of generations a type of life cycle characteristics of plants and a few algae and fungi Mountain fern Moss Has rhizoids, and un upright structure that bears leaf like blades. Lacks Vascular tissues Hepatophyta Eukaryotic - Multicellular Asexual by forming small balls of tissue Leafy Iiverworts Leafy plants, small, Lack stomata, have thallus on its underside Anthocerophyta Eukaryotic - Multicellular Archegonia (female) and antheridia (male) are embedded in the thallus True mosses, sphagnales Has large chloroplasts in each cell which resembles to algae cells than that of plants Pteridophyta Eukaryotic - Multicellular Ferns reproduce by spores produced in sporangia; undergoes an alteration of generations between dominant sporophytes and gametophyte (prothallus) Bracken, whisk ferns, horsetails, club mosses Terrestrial and a few have adapted to aquatic habitats. Found din tropical rain forests perching high in tree branches Lycopodia Eukaryotic - Multicellular Reproduce by forming spores rather than seeds Spike mosses, quillworts Some are heterosporous, large treelike plants. Leaves that are microphylls Coniferophyta Eukaryotic - Multicellular located in the cones female cones grow in the upper branches of the tree and male cones grow on the lower branches pines, spruces, firs, cedars, sequoias, & yews Cycadophyta Eukaryotic - Multicellular located in the cones female cones grow in the upper branches of the tree and male cones grow on the lower branches Cycadales, bennettitales Ginkgophyta Eukaryotic - Multicellular Gnetophyta Eukaryotic - Multicellular Basal Angiosperms Eukaryotic - Multicellular Monocots Dicots Plantae Gymnosperms Vascular Plants with seeds Angiosperms Flexible Outer Covering Cell walls are made of cellulose and different type of carbohydrates and produces polysaccharides (red Algae) Most primitive terrestrial fungi Includes molds that have septate hypae (divided into compartment) and yeast typically tall trees that usually bear scale-like or needle-like leaves they bear large cones and may be pollinated by beetles rather than wind, which is unusual for a gymnosperm Ginkgo biloba fan-shaped leaves, unique among seed plants because they feature a dichotomous venation pattern, turn yellow in autumn and fall from the tree Gnetum, Welwitschia, & Ephedra have broad leaves. Are vines or small shrubs in tropical and subtropical zone produce fragrant leaves and small, inconspicuous flowers Magnoliidae, Laurels (Avocado trees , cinnamon) Nymphaeales (Waterlilies, lotus) shares the characteristics of both monocots and dicots Multicellular- Eukaryotic Sexual- Flowering plants Palm trees, orchid grass, corn , sugar cane, banana, pineapples primarily identified as such by the presence of a single cotyledon in the seedling. no true woody tissue Multicellular- Eukaryotic Sexual- Flowering plants Rosids, Asterales, maples, oak, hickories characterized by the presence of two cotyledons in the developing shoot. Can be herbaceous. Veins form a network of leaves located in the cones female cones grow in the upper branches of the tree and male cones grow on the lower branches located in the cones female cones grow in the upper branches of the tree and male cones grow on the lower branches
