15
Intellectual
Development
fromtoFour
Chapter
15 Intellectual
Development
from Four
Six to Six
Chapter
Contents
 Section 15.1 Brain Development from
Four to Six
 Section 15.2 Learning from Four to Six
Glencoe The Developing Child Chapter 15 Intellectual Development from Four to Six
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Chapter 15 Intellectual Development from Four to Six
Section 15.1 Brain Development from
Four to Six
• There are eight basic types of intelligence.
• Piaget, Vygotsky, and Montessori developed
three of the many theories about intelligence
and how people learn.
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Chapter 15 Intellectual Development from Four to Six
Content Vocabulary
Academic Vocabulary
intelligence quotient (IQ)
regulate
cultural bias
oriented
multiple intelligences
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Chapter 15 Intellectual Development from Four to Six
What Is Intelligence?
• Intelligence tests are composed
of tasks and questions that
correspond to what is expected
of children of various ages.
• Intelligence tests must be used
with caution.
Why should intelligence tests be
used with caution?
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Chapter 15 Intellectual Development from Four to Six
What Is Intelligence?
• Gardner identified eight multiple intelligences:
• linguistic
• logical-mathematical
• spatial
• musical
multiple intelligences
Abilities in problem solving
• bodily-kinesthetic
or creating materials that
have value.
• interpersonal
• intrapersonal
• naturalist
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Chapter 15 Intellectual Development from Four to Six
Intellectual Development
• Researchers have identified
intellectual skills commonly
seen in children ages four
to six.
• A child’s brain is able to
handle increasingly complex
skills over this time span.
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Chapter 15 Intellectual Development from Four to Six
Intellectual Development
• Children ages four to six are in the preoperational
stage, according to Piaget.
• Four- to six-year-olds show four signs of
preoperational thinking:
• make-believe play
• use of symbols
• egocentric viewpoint
• limited focus
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Chapter 15 Intellectual Development from Four to Six
Intellectual Development
• Vygotsky saw development as
too complex to be divided into
stages as Piaget proposed.
• Vygotsky stressed importance
of past experiences and prior
knowledge.
• The Montessori method
focuses on the development
of the senses, language, and
motor skills.
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Chapter 15 Intellectual Development from Four to Six
Section 15.2 Learning from Four to Six
• Parents and caregivers find ways to assist
their children in learning, to promote interest
in the arts, and to help them with speech
development.
• Parents also prepare children for the
transition to school.
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Chapter 15 Intellectual Development from Four to Six
Content Vocabulary
Academic Vocabulary
phoneme
foster
alliteration
articulation
bilingual
finger play
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Chapter 15 Intellectual Development from Four to Six
Help Children Learn
• Parents and caregivers can encourage children’s
enthusiasm for learning.
• Talking with children about their world and what
they are doing encourages interests.
• Positive comments
teach vocabulary and
encourage feelings
of self-worth.
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Chapter 15 Intellectual Development from Four to Six
Help Children Learn
• Children who enjoy reading will
find learning easier and more fun.
• Parents and caregivers should
encourage art and music
development in children.
How might parents encourage their
child’s interest in art or music?
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Chapter 15 Intellectual Development from Four to Six
Speech Development
• As children get older, their vocabularies widen
and sentences grow more complex.
• Some children may have problems with spoken
language.
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Chapter 15 Intellectual Development from Four to Six
The School Experience
• Many parents place children
in preschool so they can
adjust to a school setting.
• Many states require a
physical exam and
immunization before a child
starts school.
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Chapter 15 Intellectual Development from Four to Six
The School Experience
• Children must exhibit a level of readiness to be
successful at school.
• Caregivers can help children make the transition
to school.
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Chapter 15 Intellectual Development from Four to Six
Chapter Summary
Section 15.1
Brain Development from Four to Six
• Intelligence tests vary for children of different
ages.
• Gardner identified eight types of intelligence.
• Piaget’s theory says children ages two to seven
are in the preoperational period of thinking.
• Vygotsky and Montessori introduced influential
theories of learning.
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Chapter 15 Intellectual Development from Four to Six
Chapter Summary
Section 15.2
Learning from Four to Six
• Making reading a regular part of children’s lives
will encourage them to enjoy books in the future
and promote learning.
• Between ages four and six, children’s language
skills usually improve rapidly, but some children
need help.
• Children starting school can be helped to prepare
for new situations.
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Chapter 15 Intellectual Development from Four to Six
Review
Do you remember the vocabulary terms from this
chapter? Use the following slides to check your
knowledge of the definitions.
The slides in this section include both English
and Spanish terms and definitions.
Start
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Chapter 15 Intellectual Development from Four to Six
intelligence
quotient (IQ)
coeficiente
intelectual (CI)
A number obtained by
comparing a child’s test
results to those of other
children the same age.
Número obtenido al
comparar los resultados
que obtiene un niño en
un examen con los de
otros niños de su misma
edad.
Show Definition
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Chapter 15 Intellectual Development from Four to Six
cultural bias
predisposición
cultural
An advantage to people
from one culture over
other cultures.
Ventaja de algunas
personas sobre otras
para pertenecer a una
cultura específica.
Show Definition
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Chapter 15 Intellectual Development from Four to Six
multiple intelligences
inteligencia múltiple
Abilities in problem
solving or creating
materials that have
value.
La habilidad de resolver
problemas o crear
materiales de alto valor.
Show Definition
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Chapter 15 Intellectual Development from Four to Six
phoneme
fonema
The smallest individual
sound in a word, such
as the ou in house.
Es el mínimo sonido
individual en una
palabra, como por
ejemplo la c en casa.
Show Definition
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Chapter 15 Intellectual Development from Four to Six
alliteration
aliteración
The repetition of
beginning sounds.
Repetición de sonidos al
comienzo de palabras.
Show Definition
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Chapter 15 Intellectual Development from Four to Six
bilingual
bilingüe
Able to speak two
languages.
Con la habilidad de
hablar dos idiomas.
Show Definition
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Chapter 15 Intellectual Development from Four to Six
finger play
juego de dedos
A song or chant with
accompanying hand
motions.
Una canción o canto
acompañado con
movimientos de las
manos.
Show Definition
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Chapter 15 Intellectual Development from Four to Six
regulate
regular
To control and bring
to a desired level.
Controlar y poner en
un nivel deseado.
Show Definition
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Chapter 15 Intellectual Development from Four to Six
oriented
orientado
Directed or positioned in
a particular way.
Dirigido o posicionado
en una forma particular.
Show Definition
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Chapter 15 Intellectual Development from Four to Six
foster
fomentar
To encourage the
development of
something.
Promover el desarrollo
de algo.
Show Definition
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Chapter 15 Intellectual Development from Four to Six
articulation
articulación
The ability to use clear,
distinct speech.
Habilidad para hablar de
manera clara.
Show Definition
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Chapter 15 Intellectual Development from Four to Six
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Chapter 15
Intellectual
Development
from Four to Six
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