Chapter 9 Treatment of Behavioral Disorders
Antidepressant Drugs
Drugs used to treat major depressive disorder; include the tricyclics, MAOIs, SNRIs, and
SSRIs
Antimanic Drug
Drugs used to control the manic symptoms of bipolar disorder and hypomania
Antipsychotic Drugs
Drugs used to treat psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia
Anxiolytic Drugs
Drugs used to reduce symptoms of anxiety and promote sleep; sometimes called minor
tranquilizers
Behavior Therapy
Therapy based on the assumption that maladaptive behavior has been learned and can therefore
be unlearned
Cognitive Restructuring Therapy
Cognitive therapy aimed at restructuring irrational thinking patterns such as the tendency to
use negative self-labels
Cognitive Therapies
Approaches to therapy that are based on the premise that most behavioral disorders result
from distortions in cognitions or thoughts
Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS)
An invasive procedure in which an electrode is implanted deep in the brain and electrical current
can be applied periodically
Dream Analysis
Psychoanalytic technique involving the interpretation of dreams to learn about hidden aspects
of personality
Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
A method to induce seizures by strong electrical current applied to the brain; used to treat
depression
Free Association
Psychoanalytic technique developed by Sigmund Freud in which patients relax and say whatever
comes to their minds
Lobotomy
Surgical procedure that severs the nerve tracts connecting the prefrontal cortex to lower
brain areas that mediate emotional responses
Magnetic Seizure Therapy (MST)
A method of inducing seizures using strong magnetic fields as opposed to electrical current;
used to treat depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia
Operant Conditioning Therapies
Behavior modification techniques that attempt to influence behavior by manipulating
reinforcers
Pavlovian (or Classical) Conditioning Therapy
Any behavior therapy that involves Pavlovian conditioning such as systematic desensitization
therapy
Psychoactive Drugs
Drugs that have the effect of altering mood and behavior by changing neuronal functioning
Psychoanalysis
Technique developed by Freud in which an individual's revelations of normally unconscious
cognitions are interpreted
Psychotherapy
Any nonbiological, noninvasive psychological technique or procedure designed to improve a
person's adjustment to life
Rational-Emotive Therapy (RET)
Approach to therapy based on the premise that psychological problems result when people
interpret their experiences based on self-defeating, irrational beliefs
Resistance
In psychoanalysis, a patient's unwillingness to describe freely some aspects of his or her life
Stimulants
Drugs that increase arousal and the activity of the central nervous system; used to treat
attention disorders and narcolepsy; psychoactive drugs, including caffeine, nicotine,
amphetamines, and cocaine, that stimulate the central nervous system by increas
Systematic Desensitization
Behavior therapy using a Pavlovian conditioning technique that pairs the slow, systematic
exposure to anxiety-inducing situations with relaxation training
Transference
In psychotherapy, a process in which a patient begins to relate to the therapist in much the
same way as to other important people in his or her life (such as a parent)
Virtual Reality Therapy
Use of virtual reality simulations to generate a variety of stimuli for systematic desensitization
The behavior modification technique that raises questions concerning its ethicality as well as its permanent effectiveness is ______.
a.
b.
punishment ( ✓ correct )
c.
reinforcement
d.
modeling ( ✗ incorrect )
systematic desensitization training
Cognitive restructuring is often experiential and has clients do real-life "experiments" to disprove their beliefs.
a.
b.
True ( ✓ correct )
False ( ✗ incorrect )
These individuals rely heavily on knowledge of Pavlovian conditioning and operant conditioning.
a.
b.
Behavior therapists ( ✓ correct )
Psychoanalysts
c.
d.
Family therapists
Psychiatrists
Why can resistance be seen as a positive in psychoanalysis?
a.
b.
It is a method of reducing anxiety on the part of the client.
c.
It allows an additional avenue for the therapist to assist the
client. ( ✓ correct )
It allows a stronger relationship to develop between client
and therapist.
d.
It is a natural means to self-soothing and healing.
If Mary begins to miss therapist appointments (claiming she got so busy that she forgot) and acts nonchalant about her therapy, she is experiencing transference.
a.
b.
True ( ✗ incorrect )
Fals
Free association is the act or process of venting repressed feelings that result in a temporary reduction of tension.
a.
b.
True ( ✗ incorrect )
False ( ✓ corr
Compared to reinforcement, punishment
a.
b.
produces only temporary behavioral suppression. ( ✓ correct )
is more effective at creating long-term behavioral change.
c.
d.
cannot change behavior.
results in removal of behaviors from the repertoire.
Ellis developed the idea of cognitive-restructuring theory.
a.
b.
True ( ✗ incorrect )
False ( ✓ correct )
Audrey has been diagnosed as suffering from a phobic disorder. As her therapist, if you believe that the behavior is the root of the problem, what would you then
recommend?
a.
b.
Systematic desensitization training. ( ✓ correct )
Aversive conditioning therapy.
c.
d.
That you both engage in active listening.
Psychoanalysis.
The “royal road to the unconscious” was free association.
a.
b.
True ( ✗ incorrect )
False ( ✓ correct )
What is pharmacoconvulsive therapy?
a.
The use of drugs to induce seizure-like activity in the brain. ( ✓
correct )
c.
b.
The use of drugs to treat epilepsy.
d.
The use of surgical instruments to cause a seizure.
How are the antimanic effects of lithium believed to be achieved?
The administration of drugs to the brain during psychosurgery to
minimize the brain damage. ( ✗ incorrect )
a.
c.
By increasing the release of serotonin and decreasing the release of
norepinephrine. ( ✗ incorrect )
By increasing the availability of dopamine to the postsynaptic
membrane.
b.
By decreasing the release of MAO at the synapse.
d.
By increasing the activity of serotonin in the cortex. ( ✓ correct
Chlorpromazine calms and quiets patients.
a.
b.
True ( ✓ correct )
False ( ✗ incorrect
Chlorpromazine primarily has which of the following effects?
a.
b.
Heavily sedating the individual.
c.
Calming the patient and reducing responsivity to irrelevant stimuli.
d.
Calming the patient and blocking dopamine receptors. ( ✓ correct )
Blocking the dopamine receptors within the brain. ( ✗
Stimulants typically ________ norepinephrine and dopamine activity.
a.
b.
increase ( ✓ correct )
c.
decrease ( ✗ incorrect )
d.
cancel out the effects of
have no effect on
The treatment that has most contributed to a decline in the number of people hospitalized for psychological disorders and a significant reduction in the average duration
of hospitalization is which of the following treatments?
a.
b.
Psychosurgery techniques.
c.
Electroconvulsive and magnetic seizure therapies.
d.
Psychoactive drug therapy. ( ✓ correct )
Psychotherapy. ( ✗ incorrect )
The four general classes of antidepressant drugs include which of the following?
a.
c.
Serotonin blockers, MAO exciters, GABA inhibitors, and serotonin
exciters.
MAO inhibitors, neuroleptics, serotonin inhibitors, and
norepinephrine exciters.
b.
d.
Neuroleptics, tricyclics, serotonin inhibitors, and norepinephrine
inhibitors.
Tricyclics, MAO inhibitors, serotonin specific reuptake inhibitors
(SSRIs), and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
(SNRIs). ( ✓ correct )
As Amy is being given a drug called Tegretol, she probably
a.
b.
is depressed.
c.
is neurotic.
d.
Has bipolar disorder. ( ✓ correct )
has schizophrenia.
Antimanic is a class of psychoactive drug.
a.
b.
True ( ✓ correct )
False
ECT has improved in recent years via the administration of a muscle relaxant.
a.
b.
True ( ✓ correct )
False ( ✗ incorrect )
Dale has a phobia of hospitals. Which therapy would suggest he gain exposure gradually to the hospital until the anxiety is reduced?
a.
b.
Systematic desensitization ( ✓ correct )
Cognitive therapy
c.
d.
Family therapy
Psychoanalysis
Freud would analyze people’s dreams in order to determine the ________ content, or the underlying meaning of the dream.
a.
b.
phallic
c.
manifest
d.
latent ( ✓ correct )
wish
Abby feels that her children and husband must always show her love and approval. What would a rational-emotive therapist call her belief?
a.
b.
Irrational ( ✓ correct )
Reality
c.
d.
Sociopathic
Normal
What is any nonbiological, noninvasive psychological technique or procedure designed to improve a person's adjustment to life called?
a.
b.
Lobotomy
c.
Psychosurgery
d.
Psychotherapy ( ✓ correct )
Drug therapy
Are rational-emotive therapy and cognitive restructuring therapy similar?
a.
c.
Yes, they both argue that the basis of mental health is to seek out
affirmation from others.
Yes, they both revolve around the idea that mental disorder results
from unconscious motivations.
b.
d.
Yes, they are both cognitive therapies, but that is where the
similarity ends.
Yes, they both argue that the basis of mental disorder revolves
around irrational beliefs. ( ✓ correct )
When Michael yells and screams for a candy bar in the store but his mother ignores him, she is trying to engage in negative reinforcement of the child’s response.
a.
b.
True ( ✗ incorrect )
False ( ✓ correct )
The fundamental assumption of psychoanalysis is that disordered behavior results from which of the following?
a.
b.
Unconscious conflicts and repressed urges. ( ✓ correct )
Self-defeating, irrational beliefs.
c.
d.
Distortions in a person's cognitions or thoughts.
Alienated fragmentation of the self.
Compared to psychoanalytic therapies, behavioral therapies:
a.
b.
are less effective at addressing disorders.
c.
are more effective at addressing disorders.
d.
are based on a more extensive research base. ( ✓ correct )
are based on a less extensive research base.
Lithium is similar to SSRIs in that:
a.
b.
Both reduce serotonin receptors in the brain.
c.
Both increase dopamine levels in the brain.
d.
Both increase production of neuronal growth proteins. ( ✓ correct )
Both decrease production of neuronal growth proteins.
Psychoactive drugs have been ineffective in reducing the number of people hospitalized for psychological disorders.
a.
b.
True ( ✗ incorrect )
False ( ✓ correct )
The treatment that has most contributed to a decline in the number of people hospitalized for psychological disorders and a significant reduction in the average duration
of hospitalization is which of the following treatments?
a.
b.
Psychosurgery techniques.
c.
Electroconvulsive and magnetic seizure therapies.
d.
Psychoactive drug therapy. ( ✓ correct )
Psychotherapy.
Compared to seizures induced by magnetic seizure therapy, those induced under electroconvulsive therapy:
a.
b.
do not disrupt memory.
c.
are less intense.
d.
disrupt more aspects of memory. ( ✓ correct )
involve weaker convulsions
Chlorpromazine calms and quiets patients.
a.
b.
True ( ✓ correct )
False
Jamie is demonstrating symptoms of a major depressive disorder. As his therapist, you would be likely to recommend ________ as the first line of treatment and then
resort to ________ if the first treatments did not work.
a.
b.
psychoactive drugs; psychosurgery
c.
psychosurgery; psychoactive drugs
d.
psychoactive drugs; ECT ( ✓ correct )
ECT; psychosurgery
Which of the following is not one of the main classes of psychoactive drugs?
a.
b.
Anti-inflammatory ( ✓ correct )
c.
Antidepressants
d.
Anxiolytics ( ✗ incorrect )
Antipsychotics
Tardive dyskinesia is a neurological disorder typically manifested as uncontrollable muscular movements of the jaw, lips, and tongue.
a.
b.
True ( ✓ correct )
False
The four general classes of antidepressant drugs include which of the following?
a.
c.
Serotonin blockers, MAO exciters, GABA inhibitors, and serotonin
exciters.
MAO inhibitors, neuroleptics, serotonin inhibitors, and
norepinephrine exciters.
b.
d.
Neuroleptics, tricyclics, serotonin inhibitors, and norepinephrine
inhibitors.
Tricyclics, MAO inhibitors, serotonin specific reuptake inhibitors
(SSRIs), and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
(SNRIs). ( ✓ correct )