4
Chapter
4 PrenatalPrenatal
Development
Chapter
Development
Contents
 Section 4.1 The Developing Baby
 Section 4.2 Problems in Prenatal Development
 Section 4.3 Avoiding Dangers to the Baby
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Chapter 4 Prenatal Development
Section 4.1 The Developing Baby
• A man’s sperm fertilizes a woman’s egg to
begin developing an infant.
• Many contraception methods are available.
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Chapter 4 Prenatal Development
Content Vocabulary
Academic Vocabulary
ovum
infertility
controversial
uterus
surrogate
spontaneous
fallopian tube
sperm
prenatal
development
conception
zygote
chromosome
embryo
gene
amniotic fluid
genome
placenta
DNA
umbilical cord
fetus
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Chapter 4 Prenatal Development
Family Planning
• Pregnancy can result
anytime a couple has sexual
intercourse.
• Many methods of
contraception may prevent
pregnancy but most do not
prevent STIs.
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Chapter 4 Prenatal Development
Family Planning
• Dominant and recessive genes for traits, talents,
and medical conditions are inherited.
• Pregnancy begins and gender is determined
at conception.
gene
A unit that determines a human’s
inherited characteristics.
Glencoe The Developing Child Chapter 4 Prenatal Development
conception
The process of the sperm fertilizing
the ovum.
5
Chapter 4 Prenatal Development
Family Planning
Conception
For conception to
occur, a sperm
cell must
penetrate an egg
cell in the
Fallopian tube.
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Chapter 4 Prenatal Development
Family Planning
• Options for infertile couples include:
• in vitro fertilization.
• adoption.
• artificial insemination.
• ovum transfer.
• using a surrogate mother.
infertility
surrogate
The inability of a man or woman to
contribute to conception.
A substitute. A surrogate mother is
a woman who becomes pregnant to
have a baby for another woman.
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Chapter 4 Prenatal Development
Three Stages of Pregnancy
• Prenatal development includes the germinal
stage, embryonic stage, and fetal stage.
• Cell division and implantation occur during the
germinal stage.
prenatal development
The baby’s development during a
pregnancy.
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Chapter 4 Prenatal Development
Three Stages of Pregnancy
Embryo
Attaches to
Uterus
The embryo
must become
implanted in the
lining of the
uterus in order
to grow.
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Chapter 4 Prenatal Development
Three Stages of Pregnancy
• Development of organs and body systems,
amniotic sac, placenta, and umbilical cord
occur during the embryonic stage.
placenta
umbilical cord
A tissue that connects the
developing baby to the uterus.
A long tube that connects the
baby to the placenta.
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Chapter 4 Prenatal Development
Three Stages of Pregnancy
• The fetus completes
development and the
mother feels movement
at the fetal stage.
Fetus at 4 Months
fetus
The developing baby from
around the eighth or ninth week
of pregnancy until birth.
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Chapter 4 Prenatal Development
Three Stages of Pregnancy
• The common length of pregnancy
is about 40 weeks, or 280
days from the first day of
the last menstrual cycle.
Fetus at 9 Months
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Chapter 4 Prenatal Development
Section 4.2 Problems in Prenatal
Development
• Not all pregnancies end in the birth of a
healthy infant.
• Some end early with the unborn baby’s
death.
• Some babies are born with health problems.
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Chapter 4 Prenatal Development
Content Vocabulary
Academic Vocabulary
miscarriage
predisposition
stillbirth
serious
ultrasound
amniocentesis
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Chapter 4 Prenatal Development
Losing a Baby
• Some parents lose a baby by miscarriage or
stillbirth.
miscarriage
stillbirth
When the developing baby
dies prior to the twentieth
week of pregnancy.
When the fetus dies after the
twentieth week of pregnancy.
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Chapter 4 Prenatal Development
Birth Defects
• There are hundreds of birth defect types.
• Birth defects can result in
body structure abnormalities
or cause a body part to
malfunction, as with
blindness, deafness, or
mental retardation.
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Chapter 4 Prenatal Development
Birth Defects
• Birth defects can be caused by environmental
factors, hereditary, errors in chromosomes, and
a combination of environmental and hereditary
factors.
What type of environmental causes
can you name?
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Chapter 4 Prenatal Development
Birth Defects
• Prenatal tests include alpha-fetoprotein,
ultrasound, amniocentesis, and chorionic
villi sampling.
ultrasound
amniocentesis
A test that uses sound waves
to make a video image of an
unborn baby.
The process of withdrawing a
sample of the amniotic fluid
surrounding the unborn baby.
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Chapter 4 Prenatal Development
Section 4.3 Avoiding Dangers to the Baby
• A fetus needs to be protected from many
dangers.
• These include the mother drinking alcohol or
taking other drugs, environmental hazards,
diseases, and infections.
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Chapter 4 Prenatal Development
Content Vocabulary
Academic Vocabulary
fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)
deformity
fetal alcohol effects
congenital
SIDS
toxoplasmosis
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Chapter 4 Prenatal Development
Effects of Alcohol and
Other Drugs on Pregnancy
• Everything a pregnant woman
consumes goes directly to her
child through the placenta.
• Alcohol is an especially
dangerous drug for unborn
children.
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Chapter 4 Prenatal Development
Effects of Alcohol and
Other Drugs on Pregnancy
• Other drugs to avoid during pregnancy include:
• prescription or over-the-counter drugs.
• caffeine and tobacco.
• illegal drugs.
What are some sources of caffeine that
pregnant women might avoid?
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Chapter 4 Prenatal Development
Environmental Hazards
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
radiation from X-rays and other sources
paint
pesticides
lead
carbon monoxide
mercury
solvents
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Chapter 4 Prenatal Development
Diseases and Infections
• An infection in a pregnant woman can pose a risk
for the unborn baby.
• Some infections to be careful of include rubella,
toxoplasmosis, chicken pox, and STIs.
toxoplasmosis
An infection caused by a parasite.
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Chapter 4 Prenatal Development
Chapter Summary
Section 4.1
The Developing Baby
• Any time sexual intercourse takes place, a
pregnancy may occur.
• There are many family planning methods
available.
• Chromosomes from each parent determine the
baby’s inherited traits.
• There are three stages in prenatal development.
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Chapter 4 Prenatal Development
Chapter Summary
Section 4.2
Problems in Prenatal Development
• Couples who cannot conceive may seek infertility
treatment or adopt a child.
• Some pregnancies end in miscarriage or stillbirth.
• Birth defects have a variety of causes.
• There are tests to help diagnose potential
problems.
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Chapter 4 Prenatal Development
Chapter Summary
Section 4.3
Avoiding Dangers to the Baby
• Everything a pregnant woman eats, drinks, and
breathes affects her developing baby.
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Chapter 4 Prenatal Development
Review
Do you remember the vocabulary terms from this
chapter? Use the following slides to check your
knowledge of the definitions.
The slides in this section include both English
and Spanish terms and definitions.
Start
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Chapter 4 Prenatal Development
ovum
óvulo
An egg cell.
Célula reproductora
femenina.
Show Definition
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Chapter 4 Prenatal Development
uterus
útero
The organ in a
woman’s body in
which a baby
develops during
pregnancy.
El órgano en el
cuerpo de la mujer en
el que un bebé se
desarrolla durante el
embarazo.
Show Definition
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Chapter 4 Prenatal Development
fallopian tube
trompas de Falopio
A tube that connects
the ovary to the
uterus.
Un tubo que conecta
los ovarios con el
útero.
Show Definition
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Chapter 4 Prenatal Development
sperm
esperma
The male reproductive
cell.
Célula reproductora
masculina.
Show Definition
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Chapter 4 Prenatal Development
conception
concepción
The process of the
sperm fertilizing the
ovum.
El momento en que
un espermatozoide
fertiliza un óvulo.
Show Definition
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Chapter 4 Prenatal Development
chromosome
cromosoma
A tiny threadlike
structure in the
nucleus of every cell.
Estructura filamentosa
microscópica en el
núcleo de la célula.
Show Definition
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Chapter 4 Prenatal Development
gene
gene
A unit that determines
a human’s inherited
characteristics.
Unidad que determina
las características
hereditarias de una
persona.
Show Definition
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Chapter 4 Prenatal Development
genome
genoma
The complete
blueprint for the
creation of a person.
Todo el material
genético de una
persona.
Show Definition
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Chapter 4 Prenatal Development
DNA
ADN
(deoxyribonucleic acid)
The complex molecules
that make up genes.
(ácido
desoxirribonucleico)
Las moléculas de las
que están hechos los
genes.
Show Definition
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Chapter 4 Prenatal Development
infertility
infertilidad
The inability of a
man or woman to
contribute to
conception.
La incapacidad de un
hombre o una mujer
de contribuir a la
concepción.
Show Definition
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Chapter 4 Prenatal Development
surrogate
suplente
A substitute. A
surrogate mother is a
woman who becomes
pregnant to have a
baby for another
woman.
Substituto. Una madre
suplente es una mujer
que queda
embarazada para
tener el bebé de otra
mujer.
Show Definition
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Chapter 4 Prenatal Development
prenatal development
desarrollo prenatal
The baby’s
development during
a pregnancy.
El desarrollo del bebé
durante el embarazo.
Show Definition
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Chapter 4 Prenatal Development
zygote
cigoto
The fertilized egg.
Óvulo fecundado.
Show Definition
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Chapter 4 Prenatal Development
embryo
embrión
The developing baby
from about the third
week of pregnancy
through the eighth
week.
Bebé en desarrollo
entre las tres y ocho
semanas del
embarazo.
Show Definition
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Chapter 4 Prenatal Development
amniotic fluid
líquido amniótico
The liquid that
surrounds and
protects the
developing baby in
the uterus.
El líquido que
envuelve y protege a
un bebé en el útero.
Show Definition
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Chapter 4 Prenatal Development
placenta
placenta
A tissue that connects
the developing baby
to the uterus.
Tejido que conecta el
bebé en desarrollo
con el útero.
Show Definition
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Chapter 4 Prenatal Development
umbilical cord
cordón umbilical
A long tube that
connects the baby to
the placenta.
Un tubo largo que
conecta al bebé con la
placenta.
Show Definition
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Chapter 4 Prenatal Development
fetus
feto
The developing baby
from around the
eighth or ninth week
of pregnancy until
birth.
Un bebé en desarrollo
desde la octava o
novena semana del
embarazo hasta el
nacimiento.
Show Definition
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Chapter 4 Prenatal Development
miscarriage
aborto natural
When the developing
baby dies prior to the
twentieth week of
pregnancy.
Cuando un bebé
muere antes de la
veinteava semana del
embarazo.
Show Definition
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Chapter 4 Prenatal Development
stillbirth
When the fetus dies
after the twentieth
week of pregnancy.
nacimiento de un
niño muerto
Cuando el feto muere
después de la
semana veinte de
embarazo.
Show Definition
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Chapter 4 Prenatal Development
ultrasound
ultrasonido
A test that uses sound
waves to make a
video image of an
unborn baby.
Un examen que usa
ondas de sonido para
hacer una imagen de
video de un bebé en
el útero.
Show Definition
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Chapter 4 Prenatal Development
amniocentesis
amniocentesis
The process of
withdrawing a sample
of the amniotic fluid
surrounding the
unborn baby.
Proceso para sacar
una muestra del
líquido amniótico
alrededor de un bebé
que todavía no ha
nacido.
Show Definition
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Chapter 4 Prenatal Development
fetal alcohol
syndrome (FAS)
síndrome alcohólico
fetal (SAF)
An incurable condition
found in some children
of mothers who
consumed alcohol
during pregnancy.
Condición incurable
que afecta a algunos
niños cuyas madres
consumieron alcohol
durante el embarazo.
Show Definition
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Chapter 4 Prenatal Development
SIDS
SMIS
Sudden infant death
syndrome; the sudden,
unexpected death of a
baby under one year of
age with no clear cause.
Síndrome de muerte
infantil súbita; la muerte
repentina, imprevista e
inexplicable de un bebé
de menos de un año
de edad.
Show Definition
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Chapter 4 Prenatal Development
toxoplasmosis
toxoplasmosis
An infection caused
by a parasite.
Una infección
causada por un
parásito.
Show Definition
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Chapter 4 Prenatal Development
fetal alcohol effects
Abnormalities caused
by the mother
consuming alcohol
during pregnancy.
efectos del alcohol
en el feto
Deformidades
causadas por
consumo de alcohol
por parte de la madre
durante el embarazo.
Show Definition
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Chapter 4 Prenatal Development
controversial
controversial
Causing extremely
opposing views.
Que genera puntos de
vista muy distintos
entre sí.
Show Definition
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Chapter 4 Prenatal Development
spontaneous
espontáneo
Unplanned, without
external influence.
No planeado, sin
influencia externa.
Show Definition
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Chapter 4 Prenatal Development
predisposition
predisposición
A tendency to do
something or behave
in a certain way.
Tendencia a hacer
algo o a comportarse
de cierta manera.
Show Definition
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Chapter 4 Prenatal Development
serious
grave
Severe; important
enough to require
attention.
Severo;
suficientemente
importante para
requerir atención.
Show Definition
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Chapter 4 Prenatal Development
deformity
deformidad
A defect in normal
body structure.
Defecto de alguna
parte del cuerpo.
Show Definition
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Chapter 4 Prenatal Development
congenital
congénito
Present at birth.
Que está presente al
momento de nacer.
Show Definition
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Chapter 4 Prenatal Development
End of
Chapter 4
Prenatal
Development
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