ESCO® AIRSTREAM CLASS II BIOHAZARD SAFETY CABINET
QUICK REFERENCE SHEET
Installation Instructions
1.
Refer to Packaging Contents (refer to section 2.2) and ensure all items are received.
2.
The Biohazard sticker provided with the manual may be pasted at the entrance of the laboratory.
3.
The Log Record, at the end of the manual, should be started.
4.
If no pathogenic material is used in the cabinet, this should be recorded inside the Log Record. In this case, no
5.
Choose a suitable location for your cabinet (refer to section 3.1). This is important in order to ensure minimal external
decontamination will be necessary before filter changing.
airflow disturbances which can affect cabinet airflow and containment.
6.
The screws securing the counterweight (behind the cabinet) for shipment should be removed before the sash can be
moved. After this step, move the sash to the normal operating height.
7.
Connect the cabinet to the main power supply with the supplied power cable. The fan is automatically switched on. PLS
CHECK PANEL message is displayed; please check that all LEDs and buzzer are on for 6 seconds.
8.
The cabinet must be certified (refer to section 3.4) after it is installed, and before it is first used.
General / Safety Instructions
1.
The use of any hazardous material in the cabinet requires that it be monitored by an industrial hygienist, safety officer, or
other qualified individual. Explosive or flammable substances should never be used in the cabinet unless a qualified safety
professional has evaluated the risk. If chemical, radiological or other non-microbiological hazards are present, be sure to
employ appropriate protective measures.
2.
This cabinet is suitable for agents classified under biosafety levels 1 to 3. Refer to Appendix A for more information on
biosafety levels. It should not be used with any agents of an unknown nature and / or extremely hazardous materials.
3.
Read all instructions before proceeding and observe the installation procedure and environmental / electrical requirements.
4.
Regular maintenance, in accordance with chapter 5 of this manual, should be carried out.
5.
Do not use any disinfectant containing chlorine-based substances when cleaning the cabinet as they may cause corrosion
of the stainless steel surfaces.
6.
In this manual, important safety related points will be marked with this symbol:
Starting the Cabinet
1.
Prepare a written checklist of materials / apparatus necessary for work in the cabinet. Turn off the UV lamp (if it is being
used). Turn on the blower and raise the sash (default FAN PIN is 0001). Leave the blower on for 3 minutes (warm-up timer
– the default duration is 3 minutes, however, this may be adjusted – refer to section 4.5.1.2).
2.
Wash hands thoroughly using germicidal soap. Wear gloves for hand protection (double gloving may be employed) and
put on a clean long-sleeved laboratory coat. Adjust your seating position so that your face is above the work zone opening.
•
Never use the cabinet to store supplies or laboratory equipment. Placing excessive materials in the work zone
may affect the airflow and containment capabilities of the cabinet.
•
•
Do not block the front and back air grilles.
Avoid use of toxic, explosive, or flammable substances within the cabinet unless the use has been specifically
approved by a safety professional.
•
Never operate the cabinet when any alarms are activated.
•
Minimize the use of syringes or other sharp objects within the cabinet.
ESCO® AIRSTREAM CLASS II BIOHAZARD SAFETY CABINET
QUICK REFERENCE SHEET
3.
Open the sash window to its maximum position. Thoroughly surface-decontaminate the work surface, side walls, back wall,
and internal surface of the window using 70% ethanol (or other disinfectant depending on materials used in the cabinet).
4.
5.
Surface-decontaminate all materials / apparatus before loading them into the work zone.
Load and arrange the materials/apparatus to minimize the movement of contaminated items over clean items by
segregating the contaminated items from the clean items into two equal areas, one on the left, and one on the right to
provide best protection against cross contamination.
6.
Adjust the sash to the normal operating height and allow the blower to run for another 3 minutes in order to purge the work
zone of contaminants. Minimize room activity (personnel movements, closing and opening of doors, etc.) as these external
airflow disturbances may affect cabinet airflow and containment.
Working in the Cabinet
1.
Work as far into the cabinet as possible, at least 150mm/6 inches back from the front air intake grille. Hold open tubes and
bottles horizontally to avoid spillage. Discard empty tubes and bottles into collection bags inside the cabinet immediately.
Surface-decontaminate before removing any potentially contaminated items from the interior.
2.
Work in the cabinet in a slow and controlled manner. Move arms in and out of the work zone opening slowly and in the
direction perpendicular to the plane of the work zone opening. The rapid movement of arms in a sweeping motion may
disrupt the air barrier and induce contaminants out of the cabinet.
3.
In case of spillage, use absorbent pads or towels to cover the spillage, and then soak it with 10% bleach or another
disinfectant. Wait for 10 to 15 minutes before cleaning the affected and surrounding area (and equipments) with an
appropriate disinfectant. Decontamination (with formaldehyde) may be necessary after a spillage where inaccessible
surfaces may be contaminated.
4.
When the sash is fully closed, the blower should be turned off to prevent overheating. NB: the FAN or ADMIN PIN is
required to turn the blower off. This is a safety feature to prevent unauthorized personnel from shutting down the cabinet.
Shutting Down the Cabinet
1.
It is recommended that the cabinet be operated continuously whenever possible to ensure containment and cleanliness.
NB: airflow studies have shown that air from the cabinet may escape after the fan has been turned off, due to thermal
currents from the interior of the cabinet. If the user chooses to turn the cabinet off at the end of a work session, the
following procedures are recommended.
2.
Leave the blower on for 3 minutes in order to purge airborne contamination from the work area. Discard all biohazard
waste into the biohazard bags (including the outer gloves if double gloving was employed). Seal biohazard bags and
dispose properly (waste should be autoclaved, if appropriate).
3.
Surface-decontaminate all materials / apparatus and remove them from the cabinet. Thoroughly surface-decontaminate the
work surface, side walls, back wall, and internal surface of the window using 70% ethanol (or other disinfectant depending
on materials used in the cabinet).
4.
Remove laboratory coat and gloves and wash hands thoroughly with germicidal soap. Turn off the blower and close the
sash. The UV lamp, if installed, may be turned on at this stage.
ESCO® AIRSTREAM CLASS II
BIOHAZARD SAFETY CABINET
USER & SERVICE MANUAL
ESCO
®
Esco Manual Revision No. AC2.v2.05.07.2004
Specifications subject to change without notice
WELCOME NOTE FROM ESCO
Congratulations! You have just purchased one of the finest biohazard safety cabinets available.
It is a pleasure to welcome you to the growing number of customers who own and operate Esco
biological safety cabinets. For your convenience all exposed exterior and interior surfaces of this
products has been decontaminated and wiped down in a controlled clean environment, protective
coverings on stainless steel and plastic surfaces, where present have also been removed.
Your new Esco Airstream® Class II cabinet includes many unique features and exciting
improvements to simplify maintenance, enhance safety and improve ergonomics. These include:
•
A new user-friendly SentinelTM microprocessor-based control and alarm system which
simplifies operation and enhances user safety
•
ULPA filters efficient to >99.9999% for better operator and product protection
•
Completely frameless sliding window for maximum visibility into the work zone
•
Generously sized drain pan to contain any liquid spills and provide greater cleanability
•
Work zone lighting with an intensity above 1000 lux / 94 foot candles using 5000k fluorescent
lamps for greater comfort and less glare
•
A backward curved motorized impeller system which distributes air within the positive plenum
in all directions to provide lower noise levels, better airflow uniformity, and lower power
consumption
•
A retrofit system that allows optional accessories to be easily fitted later in the field
Please read this manual to familiarize yourself with the proper installation, operation, and
maintenance of the cabinet. For pharmaceutical customers, additional IQ/OQ/PQ documentation
is available on request.
We recommend that this manual, together with the factory test report, be kept near the cabinet for
convenient reference by operators and qualified maintenance personnel
If you have any questions that are not addressed in this manual, please do not hesitate to reach
us by e-mail at biotech@escoglobal.com or give us a call at +65 65420833.
With warm regards from Singapore,
Lim Lay Yew
Chief Executive Officer
21 Changi South Street 1 Singapore 486777 +65 65420833 FAX +65 65426920
Visit our website at www.escoglobal.com
21 Changi South Street 1 Singapore 486777 PHONE +65 65420833 FAX +65 65426920
E-MAIL biotech@escoglobal.com WEBSITE www.escoglobal.com
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Table of Contents....................................................................................………………….. 1
Safety Warning and Limitation of Liability............................................……………………. 4
Declaration of Conformity.................................................................................................. 5
Freight Claim Information.......................................................................………………….. 6
Warranty Terms and Conditions............................................................………………….. 8
Corporate Profile Biotechnology Equipment Division.........................……………………. 9
A. USER SECTION
I. Basic Product Information.................................................................… …………….. 11
II. Unpacking Your Cabinet....................................................................… …………….. 15
2.1 Step-by-Step Procedure...........................................................………………… 15
2.2 Packaging Contents.................................................................…. ………………18
III. Installing Your Cabinet.....................................................................…. ………………19
3.1 Choosing a Suitable Location...................................................… ………………19
3.2 Environmental/Electrical Condition...........................................… ………………28
3.3 Installing Your Cabinet .............................................................… ………………29
3.4 Performance Validation/Certification............................................ ………………30
3.4.1 The importance of performance validation/certification......… ………………31
3.4.2 Recertification....................................................................…. ………………31
3.4.3 Disclaimer.........................................................................….. ………………31
3.4.4 References for Qualified Certifiers....................................….. ………………31
IV. Operating Your Cabinet.....................................................................… ………………32
4.1 Sentinel® Control System.........................................................… ………………32
4.1.1 Software Self-Reset…………………………………………….. ………………35
4.1.2 Hardware Reset…………………………………………………. ………………35
4.2 Starting the Cabinet………................................................................................ 36
4.3 Working in the Cabinet.............................................................………………… 38
4.4 Shutting Down the Cabinet…...................................................… ……………... 40
4.5 Menu Options........................................................................…………………... 41
4.5.1 Settings........................................................................................................ 42
4.5.1.1 Set Time………………………………………………………………….. 42
4.5.1.2 Warm Up…………………………………………………………………. 42
Table of Contents 1
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4.5.1.3 Post Purge……………………………………………………………….. 42
4.5.1.4 UV Timer…………………………………………………………………. 43
4.5.1.5 Air Velocity Unit Selection…………………………………………….... 43
4.5.2 Calibration……………………………………………………………………..… 44
4.5.2.1 Set Constant…………………………………………………………..… 44
4.5.2.2 Zero Sensor…………………………………………………………….. 44
4.5.2.3 Calib Sensor………………………………………………………..…… 44
4.5.3 Admin……………………………………………………………………………. 44
4.5.3.1 New Admin PIN…………………………………………………………. 45
4.5.3.2 New Fan PIN…………………………………………………………….. 45
4.5.3.3 A/F Monitor…………………………………………………………….… 46
4.5.3.4 Reset B/H/M…………………………………………………………….. 46
4.5.4.5 Reset UV/H/M…………………………………………………………... 46
4.5.3.6 Reset Default……………………………………………………………. 47
4.5.4 Set Mode………………………………………………………………………… 47
4.5.4.1 Normal Mode……………………………………………………………. 47
4.5.4.2 Maintenance Mode……………………………………………………… 47
4.6 Ergonomics...............................................................................… ………………48
V. Maintaining Your Cabinet.................................................................…………………. 49
5.1 Maintenance Schedule..........................................................…. ……………… 49
5.2 Decontamination......................................................................…. ………………50
5.3 Disinfecting Agents………………………………………………………………….. 50
B. SERVICE SECTION
I. Maintenance by Service Personnel........................................................................….. 52
1.1 Calibration of Sentinel Control..................................................… ………………52
1.1.1 Maintenance Mode………………………………………………………... 52
1.1.2 Calibration Menu…………………………………………………………... 54
1.1.2.1 Zero Sensor……………………………………………………… 54
1.1.2.2 Calib Sensor……………………………………………………... 55
1.1.3 Final Checking in Normal Mode…………………………………………. 57
1.2 Software Update………..................................................................................… 59
1.3 Cabinet Airflow Balancing..............................................................................… 60
1.4 Filter Changing................................................................................................... 60
Table of Contents 2
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1.5 Recertification...........................................................................………………… 62
1.6 Decontamination Procedure...........................................................................… 64
II. Product Specification.......................................................................…………………... 74
2.1 Engineering Details........................................................................................… 74
2.2 Optional Retrofit Kits.................................................................………………… 74
2.3 Technical Specification...................................................................................… 74
2.4 Electrical Diagram..........................................................................................… 74
2.5 Sentinel Control System.................................................................................… 75
III. Troubleshooting .....................................................................................................…. 76
3.1Visual Troubleshooting....................................................................................... 76
3.2 Electrical Troubleshooting..............................................................................… 76
3.3 Software Troubleshooting………………………………………………………...… 79
Copyright Information............................................................................…………………. 80
Warranty Registration and Survey Form..................................................................….. 81
Defect Reporting Form..........................................................................….. ………………84
Replacement Parts List………………………………………………………........................ 85
APPENDIXES
Appendix A
Biosafety Levels Classification……………………………………………………………….… 91
Appendix B
Introduction to Biohazard Safety Cabinet...........................................……………………… 92
Appendix C
KI-Discus Test......................................................................................……………………. 98
Appendix D
UV Lamps in Laminar Flow and Biological Safety Cabinet................……………………… 102
Appendix E
Exhaust Ducted Class II Type A2 Safety Cabinets..............................…………………….. 107
Appendix F
Reference Materials...............................................................................…………………… 113
Table of Contents 3
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SAFETY WARNING
•
The use of any hazardous material in the cabinet requires that it be monitored by an industrial hygienist, safety
officer, or other qualified individual.
•
Explosive or flammable substances should never be used in the cabinet unless a qualified safety professional
has evaluated the risk.
•
If chemical, radiological or other non-microbiological hazards are present, protective measures should be
employed. Operation should be monitored by a suitably trained individual.
•
The biohazard symbol on the front panel of the cabinet indicates the presence of biological
substances that pose a threat to human health.
•
This cabinet is suitable for agents classified under biosafety levels 1 to 3. Please refer to Appendix A for more
information on biosafety levels. It should not be used with any agents of an unknown nature and / or extremely
hazardous materials.
•
The cabinet may be used for biosafety level 4 agents, if placed in a negative pressure area and when the
operator is wearing a full body positive pressure isolation suit.
•
This cabinet shall not be used with cytotoxic substances unless it has been determined that the filter can be
safely
changed.
(NB:
cytotoxic
substances
cannot
be
inactivated
by
conventional
formaldehyde
decontamination).
•
Read all instructions before proceeding and observe the installation procedure and environmental/electrical
requirements.
•
In this manual, important safety related points will be marked with this symbol.
LIMITATION OF LIABILITY
The disposal and / or emission of substances used in connection with this cabinet may be governed by
various local regulations. All users of this cabinet should familiarize themselves with any regulations that apply in
their locality and comply with them. Esco’s liability is limited with respect to user compliance with such regulations.
Safety Warning and Limitation of Liability
4
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Declaration of Conformity *
In accordance with EN 45014:1998
We
Esco Micro Pte Ltd
of
21 Changi South Street 1
Singapore 486777
Tel: +65 65420833
Fax: +65 65426920
hereby declare on our sole responsibility that the product:
Model
: Airstream Class II Biohazard Safety Cabinet
has been designed and manufactured to conform with the following standards,
when installed and used in accordance with the operating and maintenance manual:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
EN 50081 - 1 : 1992
EN 55022
EN 61000 - 3 - 2 / 3
EN 55022
EN 50082 - 1 : 1997
EN 12469 : 2000
EN 61010 – 1 (1997)
Emissions
Class A Conducted Emissions
Harmonic Current Emissions and Voltage Fluctuations
Class A Radiated Emissions
Immunity
Microbiological Safety Cabinets
Electrical Equipment Safety Requirements
This declaration is valid also as declaration of conformity to the following directives:
•
•
•
•
73/23/ EEC
89/336/EEC
93/68/EEC
98/37/EEC
Directive on low voltage
Directive on electromagnetic compatibility
Directive on CE Marking
Directive on machinery
More information may be obtained from Esco’s authorised distributors located within the EU and a list of these
parties and their necessary contact information is available on request from Esco.
Lim Lay Yew
Chief Executive Officer
* Applicable only to 230V 50 Hz cabinets
Declaration of Conformity
5
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FREIGHT CLAIM INFORMATION
Esco inspects each product for defects before shipment. Esco products are then carefully packed in
compliance with carrier regulations and thoroughly inspected before leaving our plant. Responsibility for their
safe delivery is assumed by the carrier upon acceptance of the shipment. Occasionally damage occurs in
transit. Claims for loss or damage sustained in transit must be made upon the carrier.
Please remember that you are responsible for all freight claims and the cost of all replacement
pieces for each shipment you accept. Inspect each shipment very carefully before acceptance.
Carefully inspect each pallet or crate upon arrival. If a shipment is found to be damaged upon
delivery, be sure to have the driver/carrier note all damage details on the delivery receipt. This is essential or
your claim may be denied. Also if pallets are stacked, please note "Stacked Pallets" on the delivery receipt
(pallets are not stacked when shipped, unless otherwise stated for certain products). Esco is not responsible
for pallets stacked at carrier terminal. Any unloading difficulties or damages due to stacked materials are
carrier's responsibility.
If freight damage is discovered, please refer to the following guidelines in order to process and
effective freight claim:
ACCEPTED FREIGHT WITH NOTED/VISIBLE LOSS OR DAMAGE
•
Any external evidence of loss or damage must be noted on the freight bill or delivery receipt and signed
by the courier's agent or delivery driver
•
(NOTE: Failure to properly describe evidence of loss or damage may result in the carrier refusing to
honour a claim)
•
Contact delivering terminal to arrange for a claim form and inspection report to be faxed or mailed to you
•
Notify Esco Micro Pte Ltd regarding which items need replacement
•
Keep all damaged items and packing material until claim is resolved between you and the carrier
ACCEPTED FREIGHT WITH CONCEALED LOSS OR DAMAGE
When a damage or loss is discovered during unpacking:
•
Contact the carrier immediately upon discovery of damage and request for inspection by the carrier's
agent.
•
Carrier will determine inspection needs based on value and time elapsed
•
Notify Esco regarding which items require replacement
•
Esco will fax to you an order acknowledgment that includes value of items for claim (less freight amount)
•
Esco will invoice you for replacement materials
•
Esco standard payment terms will apply
Freight Claim Information 6
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UNACCEPTED FREIGHT
•
If substantial damage is noted upon inspection you have the right to refuse part or all of a shipment. Do
not unpack pallets or crates with damaged materials. Individual items cannot be refused. You must
refuse the entire pallet or accept the freight with noted damage (see above)
•
Esco will handle all freight claim procedures and process a replacement order for your company for the
damaged pieces at no charge. (if the original order was shipped under CIF terms i.e. Esco had covered
the insurance)
NOTE: Any correspondence with Esco regarding loss or damage must be accompanied by a copy of the
shipping carrier's report. Esco will not accept returns that have not been authorized.
In the event of accepted freight with damage or loss, notification of loss or damage must be sent to
the carrier within 10 days of receiving the freight. Notification outside the 10-day time frame may
result in shipping damage claim being denied.
Freight Claim Information 7
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WARRANTY TERMS AND CONDITIONS
Esco warrants that this equipment will perform according to the specifications for 3 years from the
date of purchase. With exceptions noted below *, this 3 years warranty applies to all parts and components
of this equipment (* 3 years except consumable items – filter, light tubes, UV tubes, pre-filters)
Esco's liability under this warranty shall be limited to repair or replacement of the equipment at
Esco's option, and under no circumstances shall Esco be liable for the equipment damage arising out of or in
any way connected with the failure of the equipment to perform as set forth herein. This limited warranty is in
lieu of all other expressed or implied warranties, including those of merchantability and fitness for a particular
purpose.
In the event of a defect, a malfunction or failure during the warranty period, Esco will repair or
replace, at its option, the product or component therein which upon examination by Esco shall appear to be
defective, or not up to factory specifications. The purchaser must pay any transportation or labour expenses
incurred in removing and returning the product to the service centre.
Esco cannot be held responsible for malfunctions, damage to people or property to non-compliance,
poor or no maintenance or improper use of the cabinet.
This warranty shall not apply to any Esco product or part thereof which has been subject to misuse,
abuse, accident, shipping damage, improper installation or service and testing, or damage by fire, flood, or
acts of God. If the serial number of this product is altered, removed or defaced as to be illegible, the warranty
shall be null and void in its entirety.
The use of non-Esco parts and/or parts not supplied directly by Esco or our authorized distributors,
including but not limited to maintenance parts, spare parts, replacement parts, system components and/or
system accessories, shall void all expressed or implied warranties.
To obtain warranty service, the defective product or part(s) must be returned to Esco or an
authorized Esco Factory Service Centre along with a proof of purchase. It is mandatory, upon purchase,
for the user to register receipt of the equipment with Esco online at www.escoglobal.com.
Alternatively, the user can also complete the warranty registration form which can be found within
this manual on page 81.
Please take note that when returning the defective product or part(s), you must first obtain a return
authorization (RA) number from Esco and it must be noted on the documents accompanying the return. The
defect reporting form can be found on page 84.
Warranty Terms and Conditions 8
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CORPORATE PROFILE BIOTECHNOLOGY EQUIPMENT DIVISION
A History of Clean Air Device
division draws from the broad base
predominantly oriented towards the
Manufacturing Since 1978 …
of resources of the group which is
international
also engaged in other fields of clean
sales in more than 60 countries. A
air equipment technology.
network of international distributors
In 1978, Esco was founded
to provide clean air solutions for the
emerging high-tech industrial and
marketplace,
with
Today, more than 20,000
and partners allows us to provide
During
Esco laminar flow, biohazard safety
quick and responsive local service
those early years, our expertise with
and other clean air cabinets are in
and support.
clean
use
life
sciences
air
industries.
technology
was
also
in
the
field
with
some
applied towards the construction of
installations dating back to the
Sophisticated
laminar flow clean air devices.
1980s still in operation.
Capabilities
Esco supplies many hightech
Biohazard safety cabinets
(today a core offering of Esco
Biotech) and fume hoods were also
designed and manufactured during
the early 1980’s thus expanding the
company’s scope in the field of
containment technology. That same
period also saw the first exports of
locally developed and proven clean
air technology by Esco. In 1985, inhouse
sheet
metal
fabrication
the
Biotechnology Equipment Division
was formed to focus on the design
and manufacturing of laminar flow,
biohazard safety and other HEPAfiltered cabinets for the laboratory.
Our unique background in industrial
cleanroom
and
with
critical
Today, Esco’s production
capabilities
for
our
laboratory
equipment that help keep products,
equipment products are centralized
people, and processes free from
in a 3,900 m 2 / 42,000 sq. ft facility
contamination. For example, our
separate
cleanroom construction components
corporate headquarters.
help pharmaceutical manufacturers
from
our
This
Singapore
state-of-the-art
meet GMP standards, keeping the
fabrication centre houses the latest
drugs they produce clean. Our
CNC
laminar flow mini-environments help
controlled) sheet metal machinery
microelectronics
and is highly automated to ensure
manufacturers
increase
product
yields.
In
reliability
the
and
laboratory,
(computer
numerically
that all products produced are of a
high
quality
with
less
human
researchers use our safety cabinets
intervention. An advanced powder-
for clinical biological research in
coating process is also operated in-
order
to
develop
vaccines
for
dangerous diseases. In a small
capabilities were established.
Eventually,
industries
Production
contamination
control technology differentiates us
from our competitors who are solely
laboratory equipment suppliers. The
way,
Esco
contributes
towards
these essential technologies that
have become the backbone of our
modern lives.
The
Esco
Biotechnology
Equipment Division is a highly
focused manufacturer of laminar
flow, biohazard safety and other
HEPA-filtered
cabinets
for
the
laboratory with a history of quality
cabinets
since
1978.
We
are
house to ensure an aesthetic finish
on all Esco laboratory equipment
products. Esco is committed to
making continuous investments in
fabrication technologies to ensure
superior quality and total customer
satisfaction.
Corporate Profile Biotechnology Equipment Division 9
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The
World-Class
Research
and
Development
At
laboratories
equipped
with
the
are
latest
ISO
14001
Management System
instruments, properly calibrated and
Esco,
continuous
research and development is a
corporate policy realized through
tangible investments in personnel,
equipment and facilities. Currently,
1 out of every 2 non-production staff
at Esco works in a research and
development position.
Environmental
Esco
also
practices
maintained: particle counters, air
responsible corporate citizenship by
velocity meters, flow visualization
demonstrating a firm commitment to
devices,
KI
apparatus,
discus
testing
the
electrical
safety
products
environment.
are
Many
designed
Esco
for
low
while
our
analysers, light/noise level/vibration
energy
meters
and
cabinets are also constructed of
microbiological/containment
test
easily recyclable stainless steel.
consumption,
instruments.
Visitors are welcome to visit
the
Esco
Biotech
Technology
Singapore
Centre
at
headquarters,
Equipment
located
our
which
demonstration
in
and
features
a
laboratory,
various
testing
laboratories in which state-of-the-art
research and tests are continuously
conducted
into
System
worldwide
conference / training facilities for
visitors,
ISO 9001 Quality Management
improving
performance of our products.
the
At
Esco,
quality
and
customer satisfaction are our top
priorities, which is why the company
operates
certified
under
quality
an
ISO
9001
management
Commitment
to
the
Global
Marketplace
system. Extensive quality control
Esco regularly participates
and testing is carried out at all steps
in numerous major international,
of
regional and national industry trade
the
process.
design
and
production
shows and exhibitions, both directly
and indirectly with the regional
distributors. For the updates on
Esco’s
upcoming
exhibitions,
visit
events
our
and
website
section:
http://biotech.escoglobal.com/trades
hows.htm
Corporate Profile Biotechnology Equipment Division 10
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CHAPTER I
BASIC PRODUCT INFORMATION
Class II cabinets provide product, operator and environment protection. They are suitable for general
microbiological work with agents assigned to biosafety levels 1, 2, or 3. (For more details please refer to
Appendix A and Appendix B) Class II cabinets are recommended for most applications and are the most
common and cost-effective systems available on the market today.
AIRFLOW PATTERN INSIDE THE CABINET
Air flows from the room into perforations located at the front of the work zone (in order to prevent
contamination of the product, the inflow does not mix with the clean air present in the actual work zone of the
cabinet), and then travels through an air return path below the work surface.
HEPA-filtered exhaust
(Approx. 35%)
Downflow
(Approx. 65%)
Inflow
An H14 HEPA/ULPA-filtered vertical laminar flow air stream within the cabinet (also referred to as the
downflow) moves downwards from the top of the work zone towards the work surface.
Close to the work surface, the downflow air stream splits with a portion entering perforations towards the
front and back of the work zone. Combined with the inflow, air is moved within the cabinet, through an air return
path (underneath the work surface, and behind the back wall) to a plenum in which the blower system is mounted.
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From the common air plenum, approximately 30% of the air is H14 HEPA/ULPA-filtered and exhausted
(thus protecting the operator and the environment from exposure to biological hazards), while approximately 70% is
H14 HEPA/ULPA-filtered and re-circulated as the downflow
SAFETY
At Esco, your safety means the world to us. This vision is fully realized in the Airstream Class II with many
features that really bring your safety to the next level.
•
Shaped inflow air grille, combined with the raised front armrest, eliminates the possibility of the operator
blocking the air perforations. (which may compromise safety)
•
Latest minipleat seperatorless H14 HEPA/ULPA filters operating at a typical efficiency of 99.9999% at MPPS,
0.3 and 0.12 microns for best product and operator protection.
•
Fail-safe double balancing system is employed – in the event that a cable should fail the sash will tilt and lock in
position so as not to endanger the operator
•
Easily accessible integrated paper catch in the air return area in order to prevent wipes and other materials from
being drawn into the blower system
•
Dynamic Chamber
TM
plenum design surrounds contaminated areas with negative pressure plenums thus
preventing possible filter seal/gasket and cabinet carcass leaks
•
All electrical components are UL listed or UL recognized
•
Audible and visual alarms for unsafe sash positions
•
Sash glass must be fully closed before UV lamp will activate
•
Red colour-coded access panels to electrical system and filter/blower internal plenum to caution users of the
potentially dangerous/contaminated parts
•
Automatic pre-purge and post purge cycles ensure correct cabinet operation and operator safety.
•
Permanent steel plenum which is less prone to leaks and resistant to decontamination agents
•
Electro galvanized steel sheets utilized for cabinet outer shell for greater rust resistant properties
•
Double framed side windows are internally sealed to ensure an airtight carcass
•
UV-absorbing tempered glass sides provide a high level of protection against harmful UV rays when UV lamp is
activated
PERFORMANCE
The cabinet is precisely engineered to deliver the required performance anytime you need it
•
World first backward-curved motorised impeller system that distributes air within the positive plenum in all
directions to provide lower noise levels, better airflow uniformity, and lower power consumption
•
Sentinel microprocessor control system with true air flow velocity (both downflow and inflow) sensing
technology. In addition, the airflow sensor itself is able to compensate for change in temperature
•
Extremely low noise (less than 60dbA) and vibration levels due to proprietary construction and mounting
technology
•
ISO Class 3 work zone air cleanliness
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•
Built-in solid state variable speed controller (infinitely adjustable from zero to the maximum setting) with built-in
RFI and noise filters is superior to conventional “step” controllers
CLEANABILITY
The issue of cleanability is important to ensure easy and proper decontamination procedures
•
Smooth and corrosion resistant exterior is free of large protrusions for greater cleanability
•
Interior surfaces are designed to eliminate protrusions, channels, and any other areas that will be difficult to
clean.
•
All joints, corners and seams are expertly sealed for maximum cleanability
•
Work surface trays are fabricated from a single piece of stainless steel without any fasteners, thus eliminating
difficult to clean joints
•
Generously sized drain pan to contain any liquid spills and allow easier cleaning
OPERATOR COMFORT
The features incorporated in this cabinet allow for greater operator comfort and better working condition
•
Removable, rounded front armrest eliminates pressure points on the arms
•
Completely frameless UV resistant sliding window for maximum visibility into the work zone.
•
5000k fluorescent lamp provides 1200 lux of work zone lighting for less glare and greater operator comfort
•
Electronic ballast for fluorescent lighting resulting in lower heat output, higher energy efficiency, increase
reliability and service life and most importantly zero-flicker
•
Large 173 mm/6.8 inch work access opening allows easier access into the work zone
•
Width of the inflow air grill has been minimized in order to place the work zone closer to the operator
•
A plugged aerosol sampling port (connected to the common positive plenum) for filter testing by the aerosol
challenge method is accessible from below the work surface tray
EASE OF SERVICE
When it comes to service, we design the cabinet to allow the minimum amount of personnel possible to
perform it while at the same time also keeping the downtime as short as possible
•
All cabinet electrical system with the exception of the fan motors are located outside contaminated areas and
can be accessed without the need of decontamination
•
Easy filter access through the front part of the cabinet to minimize downtime
•
Lifting grip position for filter and blower maintenance on front cover access
•
Unique hinged front panel
•
Convenient hand tool kit and extra fasteners is supplied with every cabinet
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COST SAVING
It is possible to achieve a balance between excellent performance and reasonable operating cost.
Therefore, Esco utilizes the following features
1. Automatic standby mode activated when sash is lowered below operating height in order to conserve energy
while maintaining proper airflows in the work zone
2. Permanently lubricated direct drive centrifugal blower energy-efficient external rotor type design
Please refer to chapter 2 of SERVICE SECTION for detailed product specification.
Each individual unit shipped is extensively tested for performance and safety and delivered with a detailed
test report and certificate of performance. Testing performed at our factory laboratory includes:
•
Airflow velocity (laminar flow, inflow, downflow)
•
Operator comfort tests: noise, light, vibration
•
Filter integrity (PAO aerosol challenge)
•
Containment (KI-Discus and microbiological method)
•
Electrical safety to IEC61010-1
Additional units are also randomly selected on a statistical sampling basis and re-tested using researchgrade instrumentation and additional test protocols at our dedicated Product Development Laboratory.
Esco performs testing in accordance with more than 20 of the world’s most recognized standards, of local,
regional and international scopes. In particular, testing in our laboratory is most frequently conducted based on:
•
BS EN12469:2000. Biotechnology – Performance Criteria for Microbiological Safety Cabinets
•
NSF49. Class II Biohazard Safety Cabinetry, and
•
IEST-Recommended Practices.
An NSF-Accredited Biohazard Cabinet Field Certifier is available in-house full-time to supervise all testing
work.
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CHAPTER II
UNPACKING YOUR CABINET
This chapter aims to provide relevant information on how to handle the cabinet properly upon receipt.
Failure to follow the following instructions may damage the cabinet. We strongly advise you to read this
chapter carefully before proceeding further. Relevant information on Warranty Terms and Conditions can be
found on page 8.
2.1 STEP-BY-STEP PROCEDURE
1. Inspecting the crate
Upon receipt of your new cabinet, inspect the crate. If there is any visible damage to the exterior of the
crate please refer to Freight Claim Information on page 6.
NB: Some cabinets may be packed with corrugated carton instead of a wood crate, in which some of
the following instructions would not apply.
2. Moving the crate
a. The crate is designed to protect our cabinet from any foreseeable circumstances. However,
excessive impact onto the crate may also damage the cabinet. Prevent any direct impact or hitting
to the crate when moving.
b. When lifting the crate, please always ensure that the floor jack or mechanical lift truck has always
entered fully under the crate in order to achieve stability. Failure to do so will increase the risk of
the crate falling off the floor jack or mechanical lift truck during handling. Please use a suitable
extension bar when the situation arises.
Fig. 1 Moving the Crate Using Extension Bar
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3. Opening the crate
a. Use a hammer or crowbar to open the top panel carefully. Be aware of exposed nails.
b. Remove the front panel, followed by the two side panels, and finally the back panel.
c. All the retrofit kits are packed separately and placed on top of the cabinet.
These items are listed on the packing checklist pasted on the crate. Please check
the packing checklist carefully to make sure that all items have been included.
Remove them from the top of the cabinet before proceeding further.
If you did not receive one or more retrofit kits listed on the packing checklist, or if any of the items are
damaged, please contact your distributor or Esco Micro Pte Ltd immediately for further instructions.
Please refer to section 2.2 for complete listings of items (aside from the retrofit kits) included with your
cabinet.
4. Removing the packaging material
a. The cabinet is protected by styrofoam and shrink wrap.
b. The cabinet is secured with straps to the pallet.
c. Remove the styrofoam and shrink wrap but leave the strap securing the cabinet to the
pallet intact.
d. If you find any damage during this stage of unpacking please refer to Freight Claim Information on
page 6.
e. It is the best practice to leave the cabinet secured with straps to the pallet until the
cabinet is located in its approximate final position to facilitate ease and safety in handling.
Choosing the best location for your cabinet in order to achieve optimum operating performance of
your cabinet is determined by a number of factors. Please refer to the next chapter for some
guidelines.
5. Moving the cabinet
a. When lifting the pallet with the cabinet secured to it, please always ensure that the floor jack or
mechanical lift truck has always entered fully under the pallet. This is to increase the stability of the
cabinet and reduce the risk of the cabinet falling down. Please use extension bar when necessary.
b. During the moving of the cabinet, please ensure there is enough distance between the supports of
pallet and the ground. Dragging the pallet against the ground (at one side or otherwise) will damage
the pallet and possibly your new cabinet.
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6. Removing the strapping
a. Remove the strapping by cutting it at a safe position to prevent any scratch on the surface of your
new cabinet.
Fig. 2 Removing the strapping
b. Do not discard the packaging material for your cabinet until you have checked all of the components,
installed and tested the unit.
7. Lifting the cabinet
a. The cabinet is not designed to support its own weight at the centre portion for extended periods.
However, lifting the cabinet by mechanical lift truck in the centre is allowable. If you must lift the
cabinet manually, use at least 4 persons.
b. Always lift up the cabinet with enough distance in between the fork of the mechanical lift truck and
the centre of the cabinet.
Suggested distance: 50 cm for 3 ft and 90 cm for 4ft and above.
Install the cabinet on the existing work surface or Esco support stand (retrofit kit).
•
When installing the cabinet onto an existing work surface, ensure that the structure can safely
support the combined weight of the cabinet and any related equipment. Some modifications to
the work surface may be necessary.
•
The work surface should be smooth and nonporous and resistant to the disinfectants and
chemicals used in conjunction with the cabinet.
•
Instructions on installing the Esco support stand can be found inside the cardboard box with
the support stand
•
Remove the 2 screws at the back of the cabinet securing the sash before operating the cabinet
Chapter II – Unpacking Your Cabinet 17
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Esco Micro is committed to protecting the environment. Please re-use the pallet if possible, and /or dispose
the packaging materials and crate in a proper manner. Please hammer any exposed nail on the crate surface
prior to disposal.
2.2 PACKAGING CONTENTS
The following items are included together with your manual:
1) Test certificate
2) Test report
In case this manual and/or test report is lost or misplaced, Esco retains a copy in our files. A replacement
copy can be obtained by contacting Esco Micro Pte Ltd and stating the cabinet model, serial number and a
brief description of the information desired.
3) 1 bag containing fasteners replacement
4) 1 M4 screwdriver and 1 M8 spanner for maintenance and service
5) 1 yellow screwdriver for adjusting the speed control
6) 2 biohazard stickers
The following items are permanently attached to the cabinet in a Ziploc bag:
1) Test report
2) Electrical diagram
Chapter II – Unpacking Your Cabinet 18
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CHAPTER III
INSTALLING YOUR CABINET
3.1 CHOOSING A SUITABLE LOCATION
Please follow these guidelines when choosing a suitable location for your cabinet:
1. The location must be far away from :
a. personnel traffic flows
b. air vents (in and out)
c. door and window
d. any other sources of disruptive air currents or air drafts
If the drafts or other disruptive air currents exceed the inflow velocity of the cabinet through the access
opening, the potential exists for contaminated air to exit or enter the work zone area of the cabinet. It depends
on the severity of the air current.
2. Exhaust filter area especially susceptible to disruptive air currents or air drafts. Sufficient clearance of 40 cm
(minimum) is recommended between the highest point of the cabinet and the ceiling.
If the distance is less than 40 cm, the airflow alarm system may require re-calibration.
Esco does not guarantee whether this can be done successfully. It has to be verified by the local
distributor or service company in the actual place of use.
3. However, for a proper exhaust filter leak scanning purposes, a minimum distance of 50 cm is recommended.
4. A clearance of 183 cm (6ft) in front of cabinet is strongly advised in order to maintain proper airflow.
Fig. 3 Examples of the influence on cabinet airflow from room design and ventilation
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Picture explanation:
No.1 The location of cabinet 1 is appropriate with respect to the avoidance of excessive air movements from the
surrounding.
No.2 Cabinet 2 is too close to the doorway and could be influenced by the air inlet.
No.3 The airflow of cabinet 3 could be influenced by the air inlet.
No.4 Cabinet 4 is too close to the doorway.
No.5 Cabinet 5 is well-sited providing that the adjacent return air grille does not influence cabinet airflow.
The above diagram illustrates the influence on cabinet airflows from room design and ventilation systems.
It is not intended to depict a typical installation. The location of such a number of cabinets in a small room, or in
close proximity, is not recommended.
The following article is the extracts from the British Standard BS 5726- PART 2:1992 on Installation
Recommendation:
I.
CABINETS
1.1 The installation of cabinets and their commissioning will normally be the business of the supplier or an
experienced agent. Local engineers may need to be consulted to determine suitable routes to duct
filtered air to the outside.
1.2 For containment level 3 laboratories where there is an installation problem because of difficulties in
exhausting cabinet air to the outside, specialist advice should be obtained.
1.3 Operator protection offered by a cabinet can be adversely affected by poor siting of the unit. It is
important to avoid siting a microbiological safety cabinet in a thoroughfare or in line with a doorway or
openable window. Preliminary airflow visualization tests may help to select the optimum position within a
room. Performance is verified by conducting operator protection tests once the cabinet is in position and
running. In difficult conditions, it may be helpful to make a temporary installation of the cabinet in order to
make these tests before the final installation.
1.4 The siting of safety cabinets in laboratories should be considered at the initial stages of the planning of a
new building or before modification of an existing building. If additional safety cabinets are required in an
existing laboratory, the recommendations given in this clause also apply. The site selected should comply
with the interrelated requirements for containment, extraction, room make-up air, ventilation and general
environmental safety and comfort. The recommendations for siting given here are only intended to act as
a guide to the avoidance of disturbances to the safety cabinet, its operator and other personnel and to the
avoidance of interference with escape routes, etc. No specific dimensions or planning arrangements can
prospectively guarantee satisfactory performance of the cabinet in all cases.
1.5 If cabinets are joined together it is strongly recommended that the junctions should be airtight and should
not put undue stress on the cabinets or any junction or adaptor pieces. Sealing gaskets or mating
surfaces should not leave internal cavities or crevices. Note: Attention should be paid to vibration as if it is
excessive damage to seals and gaskets may occur.
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1.6 To avoid disturbances to the safety cabinet and its operator, consideration should be given to the
following.
a) The distance from the plane of the aperture to any circulation space should be at least 1000 mm, so
as to preserve a zone undisturbed by anyone other than the operator – see figure 1a.
b) The distance between the front aperture and a bench opposite it should ideally be at least 1500 mm –
see figure 1b. However, containment performance is not likely to be affected if this distance is
reduced, for instance to enable an operator to use the bench behind whilst working at the cabinet. In
this case operator movement over a smaller distance may cause less air disturbance. With such
procedures their effect on containment should be measured by relevant operator protections factor
tests.
c) There should be no opposing wall (or other obstruction likely to affect the airflow) within 2000 mm of
the front aperture – see figure 1c.
d) Safety cabinets should not be installed in positions where they are likely to be affected by other items
of equipment. In particular the distance to the aperture of an opposing safety cabinet, fume cupboard,
or the edge of a local exhaust ventilation outlet should be not less than 3000 mm – see figure 1d.
e) Any room air supply diffuser should not be within 1500 mm of the front aperture. If there are large
numbers of safety cabinets in a laboratory this recommendation may be difficult to comply with, but
where diffusers have to be placed in close proximity to a safety cabinet, their discharge velocities and
therefore air handling rates will need to be low.
f)
A safety cabinet should not be positioned with either side closer than 300 mm from a wall or similar
obstruction – see figure 1e.
g) Large obstructions (e.g. and architectural column) projecting beyond the plane of the aperture should
not be within 300 mm of the side of the safety cabinet – see figures 1f and g.
h) Doorways should not be within 1500 mm of the aperture or within 1000 mm of the side of the safety
cabinet – see figure 1h – except where a door includes air transfer grills in which case protection
factor testing should be carried out to ascertain a suitable distance.
1.7 The position of a safety cabinet should satisfy the spatial requirements (e.g. vision, lighting and
convenience of access) of the operator and personnel working nearby. When a cabinet is installed on a
bench top, the leading edge should be flush with or slightly overhanging the edge of the bench top.
Note 1: Typical problems and their solutions are illustrated in figure 2.
Note 2: There should not be an open space between the leading edge of the cabinet and the front of the
bench as this may create turbulence in front of the aperture. It also provides an obstacle which could
adversely affect airflow across the cabinet face
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II. DUCT INSTALLATION
2.1 Cabinet should exhaust air from integral fans by a direct airtight duct less than 2 m in length. If such short
duct connections are not possible the exhaust fan should be situated separate form the cabinet and close
to the discharge end of the duct so that any substantial length of ducting is under negative air pressure.
2.2 The air extraction system should be capable of dealing with external wind pressure up to 250 Pa with
extra capacity of not less than 200 Pa for blockage compensation.
III. CABINET EXTRACTION SYSTEM
3.1 General
The extraction system (together with the arrangements for make-up air) should be so constructed as to
minimize the effect on the safety cabinet of outdoor wind (up to pressures of 250 Pa at the end of the
duct) and other sources of air disturbance. The discharge opening should be sited with due regard to the
flow pattern of air around the building and should be located to minimize the risk of exhaust air being
drawn back into the building or into neighbouring buildings through open windows or air intakes.
3.2 Cabinet Ductwork
3.2.1
Ductwork should have a smooth, obstruction free interior and should preferably be circular in cross
section without excessive changes in diameter. The extraction ductwork should be clearly marked
with label indicating a biological hazard complying safety sign.
3.2.2
The cross section of the ductwork and the routing of the ducts within the building should be such that
the noise level is within the requirements of the laboratory. However in some cases, e.g. long duct
runs or large volume cabinets, considerations of space may require smaller duct diameters and
consequently give air velocities in excess of this guideline.
3.2.3
Ductwork should follow the most direct route from the cabinet to the discharge point, and it should be
possible to identify the ductwork leading from a particular cabinet. Bends should be kept to a
minimum number and have the largest radii practicable. There should be a minimum of horizontal
run. The ductwork should be deigned to accommodate thermal expansion and contraction. Ductwork
should not violate the fire compartmentation of the building in passing between the safety cabinet and
its final discharge point. If possible, fire dampers should be avoided and fire protection provided by
means of suitable treatment of the ductwork, or by enclosure of the duct within a protected shaft or by
running the ductwork outside the building. If dampers have to be fitted they should be upstream of the
fan.
3.2.4
Whilst no material is completely resistant to all forms of chemical attack, materials of construction for
the ductwork should be chosen to give the best resistance to the chemical and physical conditions to
which they will be subjected, with due consideration to disinfection agents that may be used, and that
the cost and practicability will allow
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3.3 Negative pressure laboratories
In situations where microbiological safety cabinets are installed in negative pressure environments a
pressure differential greater than 40 Pa can develop between the cabinet working space and the
laboratory when the cabinet is turned off. This could result in air flowing out of the safety cabinet aperture
and potentially a risk of formaldehyde leaking out during fumigation. This difficulty can be overcome by
installing a total shut-off damper in the exhaust ducting. A leakage test should be conducted with this
damper closed and the laboratory operating at the designed degree of negative pressure.
IV. MAKE-UP AIR SYSTEMS
4.1 Safety cabinets should be installed only after first considering the details of the make-up air system
necessary to replace all of the air entering the safety cabinets in the laboratory. The safety cabinets and
other air extraction points together with the make-up air supply in the laboratory should be regarded as an
integral system. The air supply system should not compromise the performance of the safety cabinets.
4.2 The high air change rate in the laboratory resulting from a multiple safety cabinet installation, or from a
single installation in a small laboratory, necessitates careful selection of the method of supplying make-up
air. Insufficient space may preclude the use of conventional equipment, and special diffusers, grilles, or a
perforated ceiling may be required to achieve low room-air velocities.
4.3 Arrangements for the supply of make-up air should be consistent with the requirements for protection
from fire and smoke and with the achievement of the environmental conditions specified for the
laboratory. Make-up air should be heated or cooled, as necessary, to maintain a laboratory air
temperature within +/- 2oC of that required. The introduction of make-up air should avoid draughts in the
area of safety cabinets.
4.4 For air make-up by passive air inflow, openings, louvers or transfer grilles should be provided in walls and
doors for make-up air to be introduced into the room from its surroundings, preferably from adjacent
heated corridors – see figure 3a. The locations and sizes of these openings, louvers or transfer grilles
should be chosen to ensure the avoidance of discomfort due to draughts and to ensure that the opening
and closing of doors does not affect the performance of the safety cabinets. The use of damped door
closure devices can help to reduce sudden air movement. The drawing-in of potentially contaminated air,
e.g. from adjacent laboratories should be avoided and the general quality of the air should be consistent
with the achievement of the environmental conditions specified for the laboratory. Note: Installers and
users should take care not to breach the integrity of the fire protection system particularly when fitting
grilles into doors design to provide half hour fire resistance. Use of intumescent material is often
necessary.
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4.5 The objective of the make-up air distribution system (and any other mechanical ventilation system) should
be to introduce the required volume of air into the room with the minimum possible disruption to the safety
cabinet airflow pattern, and the make-up air supply system should not reduce the degree of protection
afforded to the operator by the safety cabinet. In general, air diffusers, grilles or terminal units (whether
ceiling, wall or floor mounted( should not discharge directly towards or across the safety cabinet aperture.
It is unlikely that the room airflow pattern employed in the performance testing procedure can be realized
in the majority of actual installations. However, every effort should be made to prevent relatively high
velocity air movement (velocity greater than 0.3 m/s) anywhere in the room housing the safety cabinet.
4.6 A fan-assisted source of make-up air should be filtered, heated and otherwise treated as necessary, to
maintain the environmental conditions specified for the laboratory. It is common practice to prevent
pressurization of the laboratory (which would cause a spread of potentially contaminated air into other
areas) by supplying a lower rate of fan-assisted make-up air than the total extraction rate. When there is
a significant reduction in or a complete loss of the air extraction form the room by the safety cabinet
installation, the fan-assisted inflow of make-up air should be correspondingly reduced, or disconnected,
either automatically or manually following an automatic alarm – see figure 3b. At containment level 3 or
above the supply and extraction airflow should be interlocked to prevent positive pressurization of the
room. Note: Consideration should be given to the possibility of reverse flow through a safety cabinet
when the extraction system is low or off and other safety cabinets or containment facilities are on.
Consideration should also be given to situations where several cabinets may be operating independently
in one room.
4.7 If the airflow rate induced by the safety cabinet is inadequate to ventilate the laboratory of if the laboratory
is to be occupied when the safety cabinet is not in use, separate arrangements should be made for room
ventilation. See figures 3c and 3d.
4.8 Air extracted by a separate ventilation system form a room in which a safety cabinet is installed should
not be re-circulated.
V. SITE SURVEY
5.1 As a preliminary to the installation of safety cabinets in a laboratory the site should be surveyed by the
safety cabinet installer to assess environmental conditions and possible exhaust ductwork route(s). The
survey should include a review of the possible positions of the safety cabinet(s) in relation to laboratory
doors and windows, the main routes of foot traffic past the front and the effects of ventilation systems
installed in the laboratory, particularly identifying any draughts or air circulations that are liable to interfere
with cabinet performance, and confirming that there is an adequate air supply to the room.
5.2 Depending on the outcome of the survey, modifications may be necessary to improve the environment
before the contractor can install a safety cabinet so that it complies with performance requirements.
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Chapter III – Installing Your Cabinet 26
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5. Please permit adequate space behind the cabinet for cleaning, maintaining the counterweight system, and for
performing decontamination procedure.
6. A far away position from any source of heat sources (heaters, fan converters, etc.) for optimum operating
conditions. Please refer to the environmental/electrical conditions on the next page for more detailed
information.
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3.2 ENVIRONMENTAL/ELECTRICAL CONDITIONS
This cabinet is designed to be used under the following conditions:
1. Indoor use
2. Altitudes up to 2000 meters or 6600 ft
3. 20% - 60% relative humidity
4. Temperature range from 20 deg C to 30 deg C (68 deg F to 86 deg F).It is recommended that the temperature
in the laboratory be maintained within +/-2 deg C under all conditions
5. Main supply voltage fluctuations not to exceed +/- 10% of the nominal voltage. It is recommended that the
voltage fluctuation doesn't exceed +/- 2% of the nominal voltage at all times
6. Installation Category: II
Installation category (over voltage category) defines the level of transient over voltage which the instrument is
designed to withstand safely. It depends on the nature of the electricity supply and its over voltage protection
means. For example, in CAT II, which is the category used for instruments in installations supplied from a
supply comparable to public mains such as hospital and research laboratories and most industrial laboratories,
the expected transient over voltage is 2500 V for a 230 V supply and 1500 V for a 120 V supply
7. Pollution Degree: 2.0
Pollution degree describes the amount of conductive pollution present in the operating environment. Pollution
degree 2 assumes that normally only non-conductive pollution such as dust occurs with the exception of
occasional conductivity caused by condensation.
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3.3 INSTALLING YOUR CABINET
1. Please refer to the unpacking your cabinet on the previous chapter section 2.1 step no.7 on lifting the
cabinet
2. Inspect your cabinet carefully, should you find any defect please refer to the Freight Claim Information on
page 6 and our Warranty Terms and Conditions on page 8
3. The 2 screws securing the counterweight (behind the cabinet) for shipment should be removed before the
sash can be moved. After this step, move the sash to the normal operating height
4. Wipe down the interior and exterior of the cabinet with water or a mild household detergent
5. Connect cabinet to the main power supply with the supplied power cable. The fan is automatically switched
on. PLS CHECK PANEL message is displayed; please check that all LEDs and buzzer are on for 6 seconds.
Leave the blower on for 3 minutes (warm-up timer – the default duration is 3 minutes, however, this may be
adjusted – refer to section 4.5.1.2). Each cabinet requires its own dedicated 13A (230V) or 15A (115V)
power outlet which should not be shared with other appliances. For some cabinets with 2 power inlets
(one for the power outlets in the work zone and another for the cabinet blower and electrical systems),
both power inlets should be connected to their own dedicated power supplies.
6. Prior to use, this cabinet should be certified by a qualified certifier. Under normal operating conditions, the
cabinet should be recertified at least annually and when moved or serviced.
For more on info on performance validation/certification please refer to the next section 3.4
8. The 2 biohazard decal included together with this manual can be pasted on the door leading
to your biohazard laboratory.
WARNING: DO NOT MOVE THE CABINET WITHOUT OBSERVING THE FOLLOWING PRECAUTIONS:
1. The cabinet must be recertified after being moved
2. Observe the necessary precautions when relocating the cabinet as it is heavy
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3.4 PERFORMANCE VALIDATION/CERTIFICATION
After installation and prior to use, cabinet performance must be validated and certified to factory standards.
The following tests should be performed:
•
Downflow velocity
•
Inflow velocity
•
Airflow smoke patterns test
•
Filter leak test (filter media leak test and filter gasket leak test)
•
Site installation assessment test
•
Optional tests:
a. Electrical safety
b. KI Discus for operator protection (Please refer to Appendix C)
c. Light intensity test
d. Vibration level test
e. Noise level test
f. UV intensity test
•
Airflow alarm calibration should also be performed
The testing methods and equipment required are specified on the test report. It is recommended that these tests be
performed only by a qualified technician who is familiar with the methods and procedures for certifying biological
safety cabinets
Esco conducts training courses on the validation and certification of biohazard safety cabinets. If you are
interested you are most welcome to contact your distributor or Esco.
3.4.1 THE IMPORTANCE OF PERFOMANCE VALIDATION/CERTIFICATION
Studies conducted in New York State have estimated that 50,000 to 70,000 workers around the world, die each
year from chronic occupational diseases resulting from past exposures to toxic substances. (New York Committee
for Occupational Safety and Health)
1. A significant percentage of end-users are largely ignorant, uninformed, or relaxed about the safety
specifications and availability of testing.
2. Relying on velocity measurement or simple airflow visualization for deciding safety of cabinets is insufficient.
3. Standardized test procedures and certifications ensure confidence in tests conducted and ensures safety of
the cabinets.
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3.4.2 RECERTIFICATION
After the initial certification, the cabinet shall be recertified at the following situations:
1. Relocation of cabinet
2. Undetermined cause of airflow alarm
3. When the performance is suspected
4. Major maintenance or service (filter changing, blower changing, etc.)
5. After the exhaust damper is adjusted
6. At least annually or 6 months for safety cabinets with more critical applications (for example work with
agents assigned to biosafety level 3)
It is recommended that airflow alarm calibration should also be performed during recertification.
3.4.3 DISCLAIMER
The perfomance and safety of the cabinet, while rigorously evaluated at the factory, cannot be guaranted once after
transit and installation. Therefore the on-site testing is always recommended.
3.4.4 REFERENCES FOR QUALIFIED CERTIFIERS
1. NSF Accredited Class II Biosafety Cabinet Field Certifiers
Please see http://www.nsf.org/Certified/Biosafety-Certifier for more information
2. I.A.F.C.A – member certifying company
Please see http://www.iafca.com/listview.html for more information
3. Your distributor
4. Esco Micro Pte Ltd
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CHAPTER IV
OPERATING YOUR CABINET
A biological safety cabinet, when used in conjunction with good microbiological techniques, provide an
effective containment system. This chapter aims to provide the user with the basic operation of the cabinet and
recommended working practices.
4.1 SENTINEL® CONTROL SYSTEM
Fig. 4 Sentinel® Keypad User-interface
1. Fan Button
To turn on and turn off the fan
Please kindly refer to section 4.5.3.2 for information on setting the fan PIN
2. Light Button
To turn on and turn off the light
Light goes on automatically when sash is at the operating position (READY state)
Light goes off automatically when sash is at SASH ALARM state.
3. Socket Button
To turn on and turn off the electrical socket (retrofit kit)
Electrical outlet can be controlled fully in any sash position. The maximum rating of all the
outlets in the cabinet is 5 A. In case of overloading, the circuit breaker will trip. Disconnect the device
from the outlet and reset the circuit breaker in the electrical control box (inside the front panel) by
pressing its button.
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Fig. 5 Screen confirms electrical outlet is on
Fig. 6A Screen confirms electrical outlet is off
Fig. 6B Circuit breaker position
4. UV Button
To turn on and turn off the UV lamp (optional retrofit kit)
UV lamp can only be activated when the sash window is fully closed. Since the sash is
capable of filtering UV rays, users are protected from the harmful UV rays.
UV Timer is provided to control the duration of the decontamination process. Please refer to
section 4.5.1.4 for further information.
UV Hour Meter is provided to monitor the working hours of UV lamp. Please refer to section
4.5.3.5 for further information.
Appendix D provides comprehensive information on the usefulness and effectiveness of UV
light against various microbes.
Please refer to the end of Chapter 1 of SERVICE SECTION for cabinet operation summary.
5. Up and Down Arrow Button
•
To move upwards and downwards the menu options
•
To increase and decrease corresponding value inside one of the menu options
•
To start, stop and reset timer
Handheld stop clock is not allowed to be brought into the working space, as it might be a source
of contamination. For this purpose, TIMER is provided and functions as a stop clock ONLY in READY
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state. It is displayed in HH:MM:SS format. Sash position and airflow velocity is monitored during timer
mode.
User can start by pressing UP arrow button and it will start counting. Pressing UP button again
will stop the timer. User can then press UP button again to resume the timer. During this time, pressing
DOWN button will take the user out of the timer mode, and “Timer Reset” message is displayed.
Fig. 7 Screen display when timer is running
Fig. 8 Screen display after timer is reset
6. Set or Mute Button
•
To choose the menu or sub-menu currently displayed on the LCD screen
•
To proceed to the next step or sequence inside one of the menu options
•
To turn the alarm sound off (only in fully open state during normal mode)
Alarm is disabled when you enter menu options
7. Menu Button
•
To enter and exit from the menu options
•
To go back to the previous level of the menu options
•
To access maintenance mode from ERR.MSWITCH and AIRFAIL! error condition
Some of the menu options allow the user to customize the cabinet for better working
experience. Please kindly refer to section 4.5 for detailed explanations for each menu options.
Before operating the cabinet, please ensure that you have set the Admin PIN (0009 by default) and Fan PIN
(0001) by default. Refer to section 4.5.3.1 and 4.5.3.2 for further instructions.
The Admin PIN has higher priority and can be used to control the fan (override the Fan PIN).
Please contact Esco should you forget your ADMIN PIN.
Concept of Different Sash Window States
1. The sash window should be fully closed when the cabinet is not in use. This helps keep the work zone interior
clean. The sash window also provides a protective barrier in case the UV lamp is used.
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2. The sash window should ALWAYS be in the normal operating height at all times when the cabinet is used.
Even if the cabinet is left unattended, but the blower is on, the sash window should never be moved from the
normal operating height, unless during loading or unloading of materials/apparatus into the cabinet
3. The alarm will be activated whenever the sash window is moved from the normal operating height.
4. Whenever the sash window is moved to the correct height from a higher or lower position, the light will
automatically be turned on as a signal to the user.
5. The sash window may be opened to its maximum position for the purpose of loading/unloading of
materials/apparatus into the cabinet. When the sash window is fully opened, the alarm sound may be muted
(will be automatically sounded again after 5 minutes to remind the user that it is not safe to work in the
cabinet) and the light will be turned on to facilitate cleaning.
4.1.1 SOFTWARE SELF-RESET
Sentinel® is equipped with watchdog timer. The timer is running on the background and will detect any
possible software malfunction. Once the malfunction occurs, the timer will reset the system. During system reset
(which will take approximately 30 seconds), the cabinet will undergo warm-up cycle; blower is on but light and
electrical outlet is off. After reset, the system will resume as per normal operation. Note that no data is erased or
reset to the default values.
4.1.2 HARDWARE RESET
Sentinel® can also be reset by pressing RESET button available on the main board; refer to Product
Specification on chapter 2 of SERVICE SECTION for exact position.
This hardware-reset function can be used in case of controller malfunction, e.g. blank LCD for more
than 5 seconds. After RESET button is pressed, the system will restart. Note that no data is erased or reset to
default values after hardware reset.
Do not press RESET button during normal usage, as it will disrupt the operation of the cabinet, thus the
safety of operators.
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4.2 STARTING THE CABINET
1. Prepare a written checklist of materials/apparatus necessary for immediate usage.
2. Turn off the UV lights (if it is being used) as soon as you enter the work location. Turn on the blower and raise the
sash (default FAN PIN is 0001). Leave the blower on for 3 minutes (warm-up timer – the default duration is 3
minutes, however, this may be adjusted - refer to section 4.5.1.2)
3. Wash hands thoroughly using germicidal soap. Wear gloves for hand protection. Gloves should be pulled over the
knitted wrists of the gown rather than worn inside. Double gloving may be necessary for higher risk work.
4. Put on a clean long-sleeves laboratory coat. A solid front, back closing lab gown provides better protection of
personal clothing than the traditional lab coat. A disposable gown should also be considered when higher risk
work is involved.
5. Adjust the seating position so that the user's face is above the front opening. Adjustable stool is recommended.
Please refer to section 4.6 about ergonomics for more info.
6. Open the sash window to its maximum position. Thoroughly surface-decontaminate the work surface, side
glasses, back wall, drain pan, and internal surface of the window using 70% ethanol (or other disinfectant
depending on materials used in the cabinet). Do surface decontamination as well to the UV lights and electrical
outlet when present.
Do not use any disinfectant containing chlorine-based substance as this may cause corrosion of the
stainless steel surfaces.
7. Surface-decontaminate all materials/apparatus before loading them into the work zone. Load and arrange the
materials/apparatus to minimize the movement of contaminated items over clean items by segregating the
contaminated items from the clean items into two equal areas, one on the left, and one on the right to provide
best protection against cross contamination.
8. Put all the material/apparatus approximately 4 inches behind the sash window, whenever possible.
•
Never use the cabinet to store supplies or laboratory equipment. Placing excessive materials in the
work zone may affect the airflow and containment capabilities of the cabinet
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•
Do not block the front and back air grilles by any material/apparatus
Fig. 9 Material/apparatus blocking the front and back air grilles
•
Avoid use of toxic, explosive, or flammable substances within the cabinet unless the use has been
specifically approved by a safety professional
•
Never operate the cabinet when any alarms are activated
•
Minimize the use of syringes or other sharp objects within the cabinet
9. After all the material/apparatus is arranged, adjust the sash to the normal operating height and allow the blower to
run for another 3 minutes in order to purge the work zone of contaminants.
10. Minimize room activity (personnel movements, closing and opening of doors, etc.) as these external airflow
disturbances may affect cabinet airflow and containment.
The user is strongly discouraged from using a gas Bunsen burner in the cabinet due to the airflow
disturbance caused by the thermal currents from the burner - which may compromise cabinet performance.
However, when the need for a Bunsen burner is established and approved by the safety officer then it should
be operated at the right side of the work zone.
The airflow sensor on Esco cabinets when installed in the work zone will be mounted on the left side and
operating the burner at the right side will prevent any disruption to the cabinet airflow monitoring system. Please also
refer to the operating instructions and warnings supplied with any gas service fixture retrofit kit supplied by Esco.
Fig. 10 Blackened filters due to carbon residues generated from the usage of Bunsen burner inside the cabinet
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4.3 WORKING IN THE CABINET
1. User should always set the sash to normal working height (READY state) before starting any experiments.
If the alarm indicator light blinks accompanied by the alarm sound, discontinue work immediately and follow
the proper shutdown procedure on the next section 4.4. The user can then refer to the troubleshooting
section (SERVICE SECTION, CHAPTER 3).
If calibration has been performed properly, the LCD will show the downflow velocity (indicated by D) and the
inflow velocity (indicated by I) as it is monitored by the airflow sensor. Sash alarm will be triggered if inflow
velocity falls below its failing point.
2. Keep the front and back air grilles unobstructed by arms or objects.
3. Work from clean to dirty by following the segregation of clean and dirty materials/apparatus as described in the
previous section. Work with one specimen at a time, recap before moving to the next specimens.
4. Work as far into the cabinet as possible, at least 150mm/6 inches back from the front air intake grille. Hold open
tubes and bottles as horizontally as possible to avoid spillage. Discard empty tubes and bottles into the
collection bags inside the cabinet immediately.
5. Use convenient pipetting aids. Do not mouth pipette. Use horizontal pipette discard pans containing appropriate
disinfectant inside the biohazard safety cabinet. Do not use vertical pipette discard canisters on the floor outside
the cabinet. Biohazard collection bags should be placed inside the cabinet.
6. In the case that streaking loops are to be sterilized to prevent cross-contamination of biological materials, an
electrical incinerator is recommended.
7. Surface-decontaminate before removing any potentially contaminated items from the interior.
•
Never operate your cabinet while the sash alarm indicator is on
•
Do not change the cabinet original blower speed unless the change is required by a decrease in
measured air velocity. Adjustment should be made only by a qualified technician
•
Do not operate the cabinet if fan fails to run
8. If you need to remove items from the biohazard cabinet or introduce new items, move in the cabinet in a slow
and controlled manner. Move arms in and out of the work zone opening slowly and in the direction
perpendicular to plane of the work zone opening. The rapid movement of arms in a sweeping motion may
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disrupt the air curtain and may disrupt the air barrier and induce contaminants out of the cabinet. Be sure to
surface-decontaminate first when removing arms from the cabinet.
9. In case of spillage, use absorbent pads or towels to cover the spill area, and then soak it with 10% bleach. Wait
for 10 to 15 minutes before cleaning the affected and surrounding area (and equipments) with the appropriate
disinfectant. Generally a 1% solution of an iodophor decontaminant (Wescodyne or equivalent) is effective
against most viruses, fungi, vegetative bacteria, and most non-encysted amoeba.
10.A disinfectant detergent has the advantage of detergent activity, which is important because extraneous organic
substances frequently interfere with the reaction between micro organisms and the active agent of the
decontaminant.
11.Flood the top work surface tray and the drain pan below the work surface, with a disinfectant and wait for
another 10 to 15 minutes. Remove excess disinfectant from the tray and drain pan by wiping with a sponge or
cloth soaked in a decontaminant.
12. After the spillage is cleaned, discard your outer gloves and replace with a new pair. Allow the cabinet to purge
for several minutes and autoclave all contaminated materials (including gloves, cloth, and sponge).
Decontamination (with formaldehyde) may be necessary after a spillage where inaccessible surfaces may be
contaminated.
13. Place aerosol-generating instruments as far into the interior of the cabinet as possible.
14. Clean materials should be at least 150 mm away from aerosol generating objects to minimize the chance for
cross contamination.
15. Hold lids/covers above dishes/sample plates in order to prevent impingement of downward air.
16. Put air turbulence generating equipment such as centrifuge, blender, or sonicator towards the back of the
cabinet, and stop other work while the equipment is operating.
17. If a vacuum line is present, protect the building vacuum system from biohazards by placing a cartridge filter
between the vacuum trap and the source valve in the cabinet.
18.
When the sash is fully closed, the blower should be turned off to prevent overheating. NB: FAN PIN or ADMIN
PIN is needed. This is a safety feature to prevent unauthorized personnel from shutting down the cabinet.
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4.4 SHUTTING DOWN THE CABINET
1. It is recommended that the cabinet be operated continuously whenever possible to ensure containment
and cleanliness. NB: airflow studies have shown that air from the cabinet may escape after the fan has been
turned off, due to thermal currents from the interior of the cabinet. If the user chooses to turn the cabinet off at
the end of a work session, the following procedures are recommended.
2. Leave the blower on for 3 minutes in order to purge airborne contamination from the work area. (0 minute is the
default factory setting, to change the duration of the post-purge cycle please refer to section 4.5.1.3)
3. Discard all biohazard waste into the biohazard bags (including the outer gloves if double gloving was
employed). Seal biohazard bags and dispose properly. (waste should be autoclaved, if appropriate)
4. Surface-decontaminate all materials/apparatus and remove them from the cabinet.
5. Thoroughly surface-decontaminate the work surface, side glasses, back wall, drain pan, and internal surface of
the window using 70% ethanol (or other disinfectant depending on materials used in the cabinet). Do not use
any disinfectant containing chlorine-based substance. Do surface decontamination as well to the UV lights
and electrical outlet when present.
6. Turn off the blower and light, and then fully close the sash window. Activate UV lamp (when UV is present) for
50 to 60 minutes to decontaminate the interior of the cabinet. It is not recommended to leave the UV overnight
as excessive usage of UV light will shorten the lamp life. The UV light should be replaced annually to maintain
its effectiveness. (UV timer is disabled by default, please refer to section 4.5.1.4 for information on setting the
UV timer)
•
Eyes and skin should not be exposed to direct ultraviolet light, fully close the sash window before
activating the UV lamp
•
Ultraviolet light should not be relied upon as the sole decontaminating agent
•
Check the UV interlock regularly for correct operation
•
The use of UV lamp in biological safety cabinets is explicitly discouraged in all major international
standards and recommendations. Please refer to Appendix D for more information
6. Remove laboratory coat and gloves carefully and wash hands using germicidal soap thoroughly.
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4.5 MENU OPTIONS
When you are entering menu options, the alarm will sound to indicate that the microprocessor is not
monitoring the operation of the cabinet and as such will not give any airflow or sash position alarms. No further
warnings will be given. Therefore, it is highly recommended for the customer to set the ADMIN PIN, which will
restrict unauthorised access to the menu. Please refer to section 4.5.3.1 for further details. ADMIN PIN is enabled
by default at the factory, the default PIN is 0009.
Please refer to the following diagram for complete reference to all menu options available. Press UP or
DOWN button to move through the menu options. The user is strongly advised to exit from the menu options after
making any changes in order to prevent unauthorised access to the menu.
SET TIME
WARM UP
POST PURGE
SETTINGS
UV TIMER
VELOCITY UNIT
TEMP UNIT
SET CONSTANT
CALIBRATION
ZERO SENSOR
CALIB SENSOR
MENU
NEW ADMIN PIN
NEW FAN PIN
ADMIN
A/F MONITOR
RESET B/H/M
RESET UV/H/M
RESET DEFAULT
NORMAL
SET MODE
MAINTENANCE
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4.5.1 SETTINGS
Press SET to enter the SETTINGS menu. Use the UP and DOWN button to move through the available options.
Press MENU to go back to the previous level.
4.5.1.1 SET TIME
Users can set time of the day by increasing the hour and minute. The correct time will be maintained even after the
cabinet was turned off.
Press SET button to enter the SET TIME menu. The hour display will blink.
Press UP or DOWN arrow button to choose the correct hour display. Press SET. The minute display will blink.
Press UP or DOWN arrow button to choose the correct minute display.
Press SET button to confirm the changes.
Fig. 11 Display sequence to set time
4.5.1.2 WARM UP
Before the fan is fully functioning, there will be a period of warm-up. This is to ensure that the sensors, the fan, and
the control system are stabilized, as well as purging the work zone of contaminants. The default setting is 3 minutes
and user can set it up to 15 minutes.
Press SET button to enter the WARM UP menu. The minute display will blink.
Press UP or DOWN arrow button to choose the correct minute display.
Press SET button to confirm the changes.
Fig. 12 Display sequence to set warm up time
4.5.1.3 POST PURGE
After the user switches off the fan, there will be a period of post-purge. This feature is to ensure all residual
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contaminants are purged from the work zone. The default setting is 0 minute and user can set it from 0 minute to
15 minutes. Setting it to 0 minute will disable this feature.
However, it is recommended to purge the cabinet by leaving the fan on for around 3 minutes after the work is
complete.
Press SET button to enter the POST PURGE menu. The minute display will blink.
Press UP or DOWN arrow button to choose the correct minute display.
Press SET button to confirm the changes.
Fig. 13 Display sequence to set post purge time
4.5.1.4 UV TIMER
To switch off the UV light automatically after a fixed period, UV TIMER menu can be used. The UV TIMER can be
set up to 18 hours. By default, this feature is disabled. UV light, then, has to be switched off manually.
Press SET button to enter the UV TIMER menu. The hour display will blink.
Press UP or DOWN arrow button to choose the correct hour display. Press SET. The minute display will blink.
Press UP or DOWN arrow button to choose the correct minute display.
Press SET button to confirm the changes.
Fig. 14 Display sequence to set UV timer
4.5.1.5 AIR VELOCITY UNIT SELECTION
Using this option, user can convert the air velocity unit from meter per second (m/s) to feet per minute (fpm) and
vice versa. This will affect the display of the airflow when the fan is running, and display of calibration velocity.
Press SET button to enter the VELOCITY UNIT menu.
Press UP or DOWN arrow button to select the desired measurement unit.
Press SET button to confirm the changes.
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Fig. 15 Display sequence to select velocity unit
4.5.2 CALIBRATION
Press SET to enter the CALIBRATION menu. Use the UP and DOWN button to move through the available
options. Press MENU to go back to the previous level.
4.5.2.1 SET CONSTANT
Every sensor manufactured by Esco has a specific Sensor Constant which is used for temperature compensation
performed by the temperature sensor. For more information, please refer to Chapter 1 section 1.1 of SERVICE
SECTION.
4.5.2.2 ZERO SENSOR
This option is to let the controller record the specific sensor output voltage and correspond it to 0m/s or 0fpm.
Refer to Chapter 1 section 1.1 of SERVICE SECTION for details on how to use this feature.
4.5.2.3 CALIB SENSOR
This option allows proper calibration and operation of the airflow sensor alarm. There will be three points to be
calibrated, namely inflow fail point, inflow nominal point, and downflow nominal point. Details of this option can be
found in Chapter 1 section 1.1 of SERVICE SECTION
a. Calibration must be performed by qualified personnel.
b. Calibration should be done when the airflow alarm accuracy is suspected and at least
once a year.
4.5.3 ADMIN
Press SET to enter the ADMIN menu. Use the UP and DOWN button to move through the available options. Press
MENU to go back to the previous level
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4.5.3.1 NEW ADMIN PIN
ADMIN PIN restricts access to MENU functions, including service functions, like calibration. User must enter fourdigit PIN before accessing MENU. Admin PIN has higher priority and can be used to control the fan (override Fan
PIN).
ADMIN PIN can also be used to switch to Maintenance Mode from ERR.MSWITCH and AIRFAIL! Error condition.
The default PIN is 0009. Setting PIN to 0000 will disable this feature. Please follow the following steps to set a new
ADMIN PIN.
Press SET button to enter the NEW ADMIN PIN menu. The first-digit display will blink.
Press UP or DOWN arrow button to choose the desired first-digit number.
Press SET. The second-digit display will blink.
Press UP or DOWN arrow button to choose the desired second-digit display.
Repeat steps until the fourth-digit display has been chosen.
Press SET button to confirm the changes.
Fig.16 Display sequence to set admin PIN
4.5.3.2 NEW FAN PIN
FAN PIN restricts access to fan control. User must enter four-digit PIN before switching fan on or off. As such, it
can restrict access to operating the cabinet by unauthorized personnel. It will also prevent authorized shutdown of
the cabinet when continuous operation is required. Note that continuous operation is recommended for better
safety. FAN PIN is also needed to disable the alarm when the sash is fully raised and cleaning needs to be
performed.
It is recommended that the FAN PIN is issued only to personnel authorized to use the cabinet.
The default PIN is 0001. Setting the PIN to 0000 will disable this feature. Please follow the following steps to set a
new FAN PIN.
Press SET button to enter the NEW FAN PIN menu. The first-digit display will blink.
Press UP or DOWN arrow button to choose the desired first-digit number.
Press SET. The second-digit display will blink.
Press UP or DOWN arrow button to choose the desired second-digit display.
Repeat steps until the fourth-digit display has been chosen.
Press SET button to confirm the changes.
45
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Fig.17 Display sequence to set fan PIN
4.5.3.3 A/F MONITOR
Whenever the air velocity falls below the fail point, the air fail alarm will be triggered. This option is used to
enable/disable alarm. By default, this feature is enabled
Press SET button to enter the A/F MONITOR menu.
Press UP or DOWN arrow button to enable or disable the A/F MONITOR.
Press SET button to confirm the changes.
Fig. 18 Display sequence to set alarm setting feature
Disabling the airfail alarm is not recommended for normal operation. However, this may be necessary
during exhaust collar or ducting system installation.
4.5.3.4 RESET B/H/M
This option is used to reset the blower hour meter. The blower hour meter indicates how long the blower has been
in operation. Maximum counter is set at 9999 hours. The counter value can be checked from maintenance mode.
The value can also provide some help in setting up maintenance schedule, including filter changing.
Please refer to the SERVICE SECTION for more details.
4.5.3.5 RESET UV/H/M
This option is used to reset the UV hour meter. The UV hour meter indicated how long the UV lamp has been used.
Maximum counter is set at 9999 hours. The counter value can be checked from maintenance mode. Please reset
the UV hour meter after each UV replacement.
46
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4.5.3.6 RESET DEFAULT
User can reset the default setting by choosing this option. The features being reset are WARM-UP period (3
minutes), POST-PURGE period (0 minute), UV TIMER (0 min), UNIT SELECTION (m/s), ADMIN PIN (0009), and
FAN PIN (0001). Note that the calibration setting is not reset to prevent the cabinet being unsafe to use.
Press SET button to enter the RESET DEFAULT menu
Press SET button to confirm the reset
4.5.4 SET MODE
Press SET to enter the SET MODE menu. Use the UP and DOWN button to move through the available options.
Press MENU to go back to the previous level.
4.5.4.1 NORMAL MODE
This is the default operation mode. Every time the cabinet is restarted, this mode will be activated by default.
4.5.4.2 MAINTENANCE MODE
This mode should only be used during maintenance by qualified personnel.
The maintenance mode can be used for some of the following purposes:
1. Calibration/ Performance validation
2. Filter scanning
3. Decontamination
4. Checking of input/output diagnostics
Please refer to Chapter 1 of the SERVICE SECTION for more details.
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4.6 ERGONOMICS
During the operation of your cabinets, you will be more likely to do it in the sitting position.
Advantages of sitting position:
1. The physiological energy cost and fatigue are reduced
2. It provides the body with a stable support
However, sitting position also has some drawbacks:
1. Limited working area
2. Possible risk of being constrained in a fix posture for a long time
3. One of the most stressful position for the back
Fortunately, it is possible to create a more comfortable and healthier working condition by following these simple
steps:
1. Ensure there is enough space for your leg and feet
2. Keep the lower back comfortably supported by your chair. Adjust the chair or use a pillow behind your back
when necessary
3. Position your fleet flat on the floor or a footrest. Don't dangle your feet and compress your thighs
4. Vary your sitting position throughout the day. Don't sit in one fixed posture all day
5. Eyes , some guidelines:
a. Give your eyes frequent breaks. Periodically look away from the work area and focus at a distant point.
b. Keep your sash and glasses clean
c. Eliminate glare and reflections on the sash
6. Arrange and position your frequently used work materials to minimize the possibility of straining yourself
7. Exercise regularly
Esco provides some ergonomics accessories such as:
a. Armrest padding
b. Lab chair
c. Footrest
Please contact your local distributor or Esco for further information.
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CHAPTER V
MAINTAINING YOUR CABINET
5.1 MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE
Please kindly follow the suggested maintenance schedule in order to maintain your Esco cabinet at its optimum
performance.
Daily
1. Thoroughly surface-decontaminate the work surface, side glasses, back wall, and internal surface of the window
using 70% ethanol (or other disinfectant depending on materials used in the cabinet). Do not use any
disinfectant containing chlorine-based substance as this will cause corrosion to steel and stainless
steel resulting in irreparable damage to the cabinet structure. Do surface decontamination as well to the
UV lights and electrical outlet when present. When cleaning the interior, the operator should not insert any part
of his/her body into the work zone (except hands).
2. Alarm verification upon starting the cabinet.
Weekly
1. Thoroughly surface-decontaminate the drain pan using 70% ethanol (or other disinfectant depending on
materials used in the cabinet).
2. Check the paper catch for retained materials.
Paper catch location is behind the back wall
Monthly
1. Using a damp cloth, clean the exterior surfaces of the cabinet, particularly the front and top of the cabinet, to
remove any accumulated dust.
2. Check all the service fixtures (when present) for proper operation.
3. All daily activities.
Quarterly
1. Inspect the cabinet for any physical abnormalities or malfunction. Check both fluorescent tubes to ensure that
they are functioning normally.
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2. When particularly difficult spots on stainless steel must be removed, MEK (methyl-ethyl-ketone) may be used. In
such cases, wash immediately afterwards with clean water and liquid detergent using a polyurethane cloth or
sponge. Regular cleaning of the stainless steel surface will preserve and maintain its attractive surface factory
finish.
Annually
1. Have the cabinet recertified by a qualified certification technician.
Please refer to performance validation/certification section on Chapter 3 section 3.4
2. Replace the UV lamp, when present
3. All quarterly activities
Biannually
1. Replace the fluorescent lamps
2. All annual activities
5.2 DECONTAMINATION
It is the responsibility of the user to ensure the cabinet is properly decontaminated according to the nature
of the pathogens being used in the following situation:
a. before moving/relocating cabinet
b. when changing the type of work being done in the cabinet
c.
before accessing contaminated areas for service, i.e. filter replacement
Decontamination is frequently performed by means of formaldehyde fumigation.
For more information please refer to the section 1.6 of SERVICE SECTION
5.3 DISINFECTING AGENTS
1. For stainless steel, all common disinfecting agents except chlorine-based agents are suitable.
2. For powder coated surfaces, all common disinfecting agents are suitable. However, the cabinet has been
specifically evaluated for use with the following:
a. 1N hydrochloric acid
b. 1N sodium hydroxide
c. 1% quaternary ammonium compound
d. 5% formaldehyde
e. 5,000 ppm hypochlorite
f. 2% iodophor
g. 5% phenol
h. 70% ethyl alcohol
3. Other types of disinfecting agents may also be selected depending on the type of agents used during the
operation of the cabinet.
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Table 1 Disinfecting Agents and Their Effectiveness Against Different Type of Contaminants
Ethylene
Paraformaldehyde
Quarternary
Phenolic
Chlorine
Iodophor
Alcohol
Formaldehyde
Oxide
(gas)
Ammonium
Compounds
Compounds
Compounds
(ethyl or
(liquid)
Compounds
Vegetative
+
+
+
+
Lipo viruses
+
+
Hydrophylic
+
Tubercl bacilli
+
Glutaraldehyde
isopropyl)
+
+
+
+
+
+
x
+
bacteria
Bacterial
x
spores
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
x
+
x
x
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
HIV
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
HBV
+
+
x
+
x
x
+
+
viruses
+
+
denotes very positive response
x
denotes a less positive response
blank
denotes a negative response or not applicable
4. Specifically for internal work zone surfaces (back wall, side wall, work surface, below work surface) for daily
cleaning before and after starting work – when no specific cleaning agent has been selected for the type of work
being carried out in the cabinet, Esco suggests that the surface be cleaned with detergent and wiped with
alcohol
Chapter V – Maintaining Your Cabinet 51
USER SECTION
User Monthly Maintenance Schedule
Model:___________________
Year: ________________
Serial No:________________
Month
Clean exterior
surface
Check all service
fixtures
Operator
Signature
Manager
Signature
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Daily
1. Surface decontaminate work zone
2. Alarm verification upon starting the cabinet
Weekly
1. Surface decontaminate drain pan
2. Check paper catch
Quarterly
1. Check for malfunction; check that fluorescent tubes function normally
2. Remove spots on stainless steel surface using MEK
Annually
1. Re-certification
2. Change UV lamp (when present)
Bi-anually
Replace fluorescent lamps
This form may be used by the lab manager/safety officer to enforce the user maintenance
schedule
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CHAPTER I
MAINTENANCE BY SERVICE PERSONNEL
The following procedures should only be performed by qualified personnel
1.1 CALIBRATION OF SENTINEL CONTROL
The idea of calibrating the controller is to let the controller record particular output voltages from the airflow
sensor and correspond them to fail and nominal points of air velocity. After the calibration is completed, the control
will be able to show the air velocity when the fan is running. All the shipped cabinets have been factory-tested and
calibrated.
When is calibration needed?
•
First installation
•
Unknown cause of airflow alarm
•
During annual (re)certification
Please note that the calibration steps described below are with regard to Sentinel® control only. Please refer to
the test report, calibration section for the details of the calibration steps, equipment, and other testing procedures.
1.1.1
MAINTENANCE MODE
Before calibration is performed, it is necessary to set the cabinet to maintenance mode. In this mode, it is
possible to lower the sash window without automatically cutting off the light. This is important because the blower
voltage will slightly increase if the lights is off, resulting in a minor discrepancy in calibration.
Also in maintenance mode, the alarms and UV light are disabled and the ADMIN PIN/FAN PIN is not
required every time the MENU button/FAN button is pressed, so that it is easier for calibration to be performed.
Please follow the steps below to set the cabinet to maintenance mode
1. Place the sash at READY state
2. Press MENU to enter the menu options.
3. ADMIN PIN is needed. Default PIN is 0009.
Maintenance mode can also be used for other purposes such as filter scanning, decontamination and
checking the input/output diagnostics.
Fig. 19 Display sequence after entering menu options in normal mode
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4. Use the DOWN arrow button to find the SET MODE menu.
5. Press SET to enter the SET MODE menu.
6. Use the DOWN arrow button to find MAINTENANCE mode.
7. Press SET to select MAINTENANCE mode
8. Press MENU to go back to the previous level.
Fig. 20 Display in maintenance mode
Some characteristics of maintenance mode:
a. (!) instead of time is displayed on the screen.
b. No warm up/post purge for the fan.
c. No access to UV light
d. No PIN is required to control the fan and entering menu options.
e. Air velocity will always be displayed.
f. Diagnostic message will be displayed when SET is pressed.
g. The LCD will always blink to indicate to the user that the cabinet is not safe to be used
DISPLAY
1. C104A V2.0
2. M.: Maintenance
3. M.SWITCH_0: ON/OFF
4. M.SWITCH_1: ON/OFF
5. M.SWITCH_1: ON/OFF
6. FAN: ON/OFF
7. WARM UP: XX
8. PURGE:XX
9. B/H/M:XXXX
10. LIGHT: ON/OFF
11. SOCKET: ON/OFF
12. UV: ON/OFF
13. UV TIMER:XXXX
14. UV/H/M:XXXX
15. A/F MONITOR:D/E
16. ADC_A/F : XXXX
17. ADC_D/Z: XXXX
18. D/N_VEL: XXXX
19. ADC_I/F: XXXX
20. ADC_I/N:XXXX
21. ADC_TEMP: XXXX
22. TEMP : 00 °C/F
23. T_CONS: 050
DESCRIPTION
Software version
Mode
Magnetic switch 0 at J3
J10
J11
Fan status
Warm up time
Purging time
Blower hour meter
Light status
Socket status
UV status
UV timer
UV lamp hour meter
Airflow monitor status (enable or disable)
ADC value of current air-velocity sensor
ADC value of down-flow zero point
Nominal downflow air velocity
ADC value of inflow fail point
ADC value of inflow nominal point
ADC value of temperature sensor
Current temperature (Celsius or Fahrenheit)
Temperature compensation formula constant
* ADC stands for Analog to Digital Conversion
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1.1.2
CALIBRATION MENU
1. Press MENU to enter the menu options.
2. No PIN is required.
3. Use the DOWN arrow button to find the CALIBRATION menu.
4. Press SET to enter the CALIBRATION menu.
5. Use the UP and DOWN arrow button to move through the available options.
6. Press MENU to go back to the previous level.
1.1.2.1 ZERO SENSOR
The sensor must be zeroed first before we can proceed to sensor calibration. The microprocessor will retain the
zero setting that has been set at the factory.
For zeroing the sensor, make sure the fan has been turned off (default FAN PIN is 0001) for at least 3 minutes to
let the airflow sensor to stabilize due to absence of airflow. Please also make sure that the perforation on the
sensor housing is closed by masking tape to eliminate the external airflow disturbance such as room HVAC system
and to ensure that the sensor output voltage will correspond to 0 m/s or 0 fpm.
1. Press SET button to enter the ZERO SENSOR menu.
2. There will be warning message READ MANUAL. This is to ensure that unauthorised personnel are
informed before using this option.
3. Press SET. The fan is automatically switched off if it was on. In this case, wait for 3 minutes.
4. The LCD will display BLOCK A/F SENSOR to remind the user to close the perforation on the sensor
housing before proceeding; this is to ensure that the sensor output voltage will correspond to 0 m/s or
0fpm.
5. Press SET to confirm. The control will then record the sensor output voltage.
6. The process is completed when ZERO SET is displayed.
Fig. 21 Display sequence to calibrate the zero point
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1.1.2.2 CALIB SENSOR
Please ensure that you have performed the ZERO SENSOR step before proceeding with this CALIB
SENSOR step.
For calibrating the sensor, make sure the fan has been turned on (default FAN PIN is 0001) for at least 3 minutes
to let both the blower and airflow sensor to stabilize. Please ensure that the perforation on the sensor housing is
not blocked and that sensor’s through-hole is perpendicular to the filter surface to get an accurate airflow reading.
1. Press SET button to enter the CALIB SENSOR menu.
2. There will be warning message READ MANUAL. This is to ensure that unauthorised personnel are
informed before using this option.
3. Press SET. The fan is automatically switched on if it was off (in this case, wait 3 minutes for the cabinet to
warm up. PLS CHECK PANEL message is displayed; please check that all LEDs and buzzer are on for 6
seconds.
Fig.22 Display sequence when starting calibration
4. The next step is calibration of the inflow fail point. The LCD will display FAIL PT – (I) and I: 0.40 m/s
alternately.
5. Using available measurement tools, adjust the speed control such that the actual inflow velocity is 0.40
m/s.
6. Once the velocity is achieved, press SET and wait for 3 minutes. The control will then record the sensor
output voltage
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Fig. 23 Display sequence to set the inflow fail point
7. The next step is calibration of the inflow nominal point. The LCD will display NOMINAL PT – (I) and I: 0.45
m/s alternately.
8. Using available measurement tools, adjust the speed control such that the actual inflow velocity is 0.45
m/s.
9. Once the velocity is achieved, press SET and wait for 3 minutes. The control will then record the sensor
output voltage
Fig. 24 Display sequence to set the inflow nominal point
10. After the above recording is done, the LCD will display KEEP FAN VOLTAGE. Do not change the blower
speed control setting nor the damper opening.
11. The next step is calibration of the downflow nominal point. The LCD will display D.VEL: 0.30 m/s, with
number 30 blinking.
12. If the downflow at nominal inflow voltage is 0.30 m/s, press SET button.
13. If the 0.30 m/s downflow could not be reached, use the UP and DOWN arrow button to change the
displayed downflow value accordingly, then press SET button.
14. After the above recording is done, CALIBRATION DONE will be displayed and the buzzer confirmation will
beep, indicating that all points are already calibrated.
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Fig. 25 Display sequence to set the downflow nominal point and completing calibration
15. If CALIBRATION ERR is displayed, the calibration must be performed again.
Fig. 26 Display indicating the calibration is erroneous
1.1.3
FINAL CHECKING IN NORMAL MODE
1. The cabinet need to be set back to normal mode. Place the sash at READY state
2. Press MENU to enter the menu options.
3. No PIN is required.
4. Use the DOWN arrow button to find the SET MODE menu.
5. Press SET to enter the SET MODE menu.
6. Use the UP arrow button to find MAINTENANCE mode.
7. Press SET to select NORMAL mode.
8. Press MENU to go back to the previous level. Press MENU one more time to exit from MENU.
9. Lower the speed control setting to the inflow fail point voltage. Check if the displayed inflow velocity is 0.40
m/s and the alarm is activated; the AIRFAIL! will be displayed.
Fig. 27 Display indicating air fail
10. Increase the speed control setting back to the inflow nominal point voltage. The inflow velocity show on
LCD should be 0.45 m/s and the downflow velocity shown on LCD is the downflow velocity that was
entered.
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Fig. 28 Display indicating air safe
NB: Calibration is usually done at the same time and the same personnel during (re)certification
Please note that the calibration steps described above are with regard to Sentinel® control only. Please refer to
the test report, calibration section for the details of the calibration steps, equipment, and other testing
procedures.
Please refer to the Operation Mode Summary on the next page.
Chapter I – Maintenance by Service Personnel 58
SERVICE SECTION
OPERATION MODE SUMMARY
Sash Position Function Available
Sash Position Detection
READY
Normal Mode & Airfail Alarm On
Normal Mode & Airfail Alarm Off
Air Fail checking
Sash Position Detection
Message Displayed
Current Time Display
Alarm
Yes
Yes, with WARM UP & PURGING
Yes, with WARM UP & PURGING time,
time,
FAN PIN required
FAN PIN required
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Interlocked
Interlocked
Yes, ADMIN PIN required
Yes, ADMIN PIN required
Simple Diagnostic Message
Simple Diagnostic Message
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No, "FAN ON" displayed
If not calibrated, displaying "ERR.CALIB"
Yes, Alarm if air fails
No
Yes
Yes
"SASH ALARM"
"SASH ALARM"
Yes
Yes
Yes, not mutable
Yes, not mutable
Fan Control
Light Control
Socket Control
UV Control
Sash Position Detection
Message Displayed
Current Time Display
Alarm
Y, with WARM UP & PURGING time,
FAN PIN required
No
Yes
Interlocked
Yes
"FULLY OPEN"
Yes
Yes, mutable for 5 minutes
Fan Control
Light Control
Socket Control
UV Control
Sash Position Detection
SWITCH OFF Fan requested
Message Displayed
Fan Control
Light Control
Socket Control
UV Control
Yes, with WARM UP & PURGING time,
FAN PIN required
Yes
Yes
Interlocked
Yes
Yes
"UV MODE"
No
No
Yes
Yes
Fan Control
Light Control
Socket Control
UV Control
MENU Access
Pressing Set button
Timer
Current Time Display
Air Velocity Display
Yes
Maintenance Mode
No
Yes, without WARM UP & PURGING
time,
no PIN required
Yes
Yes
Yes, no UV timer
Yes, no PIN required
Complete Diagnostic Message
No
No, "(!)" displayed
Yes
No
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
SASH ALARM
FULLY OPEN
UV MODE
Y, with WARM UP & PURGING time,
FAN PIN required
No
Yes
Interlocked
Yes
"FULLY OPEN"
Yes
Yes, mutable for 5 minutes
Yes, with WARM UP & PURGING
time,
FAN PIN required
Yes
Yes
Interlocked
Yes
Yes
"UV MODE"
No
No
Yes
Yes
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
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1.2 SOFTWARE UPDATE
WARNING: SOFTWARE UPDATE PROCEDURE WILL CAUSE CALIBRATION DATA TO BE ERASED FROM
YOUR SYSTEM. ENSURE THAT THE SYSTEM IS RECALIBRATED AFTERWARD
As time progresses there might be changes and upgrades on the software embedded into the Sentinel® control. A
software update, via Internet download is possible by purchasing a toolkit from Esco at a nominal cost.
The software update is not mandatory unless for safety reason. Any update on the software will be posted on
website (http://biotech.escoglobal.com/support/sentinel).
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1.3 CABINET AIRFLOW BALANCING
After some period of usage, the pressure drop across HEPA/ULPA filters will increase, otherwise known as “filter
loading”.
By increasing the fan speed, we can compensate this effect. However, there is a limit to this increment in speed
which is the maximum supply voltage according to the fan performance curve.
If this happens, and the required cabinet performance cannot be achieved (please refer to the filter changing section
below), the filters must be changed.
Please follow the steps described below to adjust the fan speed:
1. Remove the 2 screws from the bottom of blue panel and lift up the blue panel.
2. Remove thumbscrew from the electrical panel cover. The electrical panel cover is equipped with hinges which will
support the cover when it is opened.
3. Adjust the speed control to achieve the required velocity.
4. Recertify the cabinet when speed is adjusted
1.4 FILTER CHANGING
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WARNING: 2 PERSONS MAY BE REQUIRED TO FACILITATE FILTER CHANGING ON 5 FT AND 6 FT
CABINET
Please refer to the addendum pages on leak testing and general repair procedure of filters at the end of this section.
The 2 HEPA/ULPA filters under normal usage and barring an accident (a puncture), do not need replacement until
the inflow /and downflow velocity cannot be maintained at the specifications required by the test report even though
the fan has been set to maximum speed.
The filters should not be replaced until the entire cabinet has been decontaminated. Please refer to the
decontamination procedure section 1.6
The filter changing diagram is provided above. Two steps of tightening are necessary with the first round torque
strength of one third of the final torque required. Over tightening may cause damage to filter and cause leak.
Please look at the following pictures to help you understand about the correct tightening sequence.
1
2
3
4
5
6
The cabinet must undergo recertification after filter changing.
1. Before the filters are removed from the cabinet, their contaminated faces should be taped off using plastic film or
cardboard or some other suitable material. This will minimize the risk of personnel in the event the
decontamination was not thorough.
2. Used filters should be disposed following local regulations. They may have to be incinerated as medical waste.
They should be double bagged and appropriately labelled following removal from the cabinet. Refer to Limitation
of Liability on page 4
3. Proper personnel protective attire should be worn when removing used filters (a disposable gown, gloves, face
mask, hair and shoe covers are appropriate). These should be disposed after the procedure. Proper hand
washing after the procedure is also necessary.
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4. Before the new filters are installed, all surfaces should be thoroughly cleaned of silicon and/or adherent gasket
material. The new filter should be carefully handled and examined prior to fitting. It is important that the filters and
the gaskets be checked for leaks prior to use.
The use of non-Esco parts and/or parts not supplied directly by Esco or our authorized distributors,
including but not limited to maintenance parts, spare parts, replacement parts, system components and/or
system accessories, shall void all expressed or implied warranties.
1.4.1 Replacement of Fluorescent Lamp(s)
1. Check the replacement parts list at the end of this manual.
2. Disconnect the electrical connections.
3. Remove the 2 screws from the bottom of blue panel and lift up the blue panel.
Caution: The front panel is equipped with a gas spring which will open the front panel automatically.
4. The fluorescent lamp(s) is located behind the blue panel. Disconnect the old one(s) and replace with the
new one(s).
1.4.2 Replacement of UV Lamp
1. Check the replacement parts list at the end of this manual
2. Disconnect the electrical connections
o
3. Take out the old UV lamp by rotating it 90 counter clockwise and pull downward
o
4. Install the new UV lamp by pushing it upward and rotate 90 clockwise.
1.5 RECERTIFICATION
The following tests should be performed:
1. Downflow velocity
2. Inflow velocity
3. Airflow smoke patterns test
4. Filter leak test (filter media leak test and filter gasket leak test)
Please refer to the flow chart at the end of this section
5. Site installation assessment test
6. Optional tests:
a. Electrical safety
b. KI Discus (Please refer to Appendix C)
c. Light intensity test
d. Vibration level test
e. Noise level test
f. UV intensity test
7. Airflow alarm calibration should also be performed
The testing methods and equipment required are specified on the test report.
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It is recommended that these tests be performed only by a qualified technician who is familiar with the methods
and procedures for certifying biological safety cabinets. Esco conducts training courses on the validation and
certification of biohazard safety cabinets. If you are interested you are most welcome to contact your
distributor or Esco Micro Pte Ltd.
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LEAK TESTING OF HEPA FILTERS
IF GASKET LEAKS
IF FILTER MEDIUM LEAKS
A LEAK IS
FOUND
IF FRAME LEAKS
TIGHTEN CLAMPS
OR SEAL WITH
SILICONE
EXAMINE FILTER
FOR DAMAGE
IF NO
DAMAGE IS
FOUND
IF GASKET
STILL
LEAKS
EXAMINE
FRAME FOR
BYPASS
SEAL WITH
SILICONE
IF FRAME
DEFECT IS
FOUND
IF
CABINET
LEAK IS
FOUND
VERIFY THAT
LEAK IS NOT
A CABINET
LEAK
IF NONE IS
FOUND
RE-EXAMINE
FRAME
IF DAMAGE
IS FOUND
ROTATE
FILTER END
FOR END
1800
IF LOCATION OF LEAK IS UNCHANGED
IF NOT A CABINET LEAK
REPLACE
FILTER AND RETEST AFTER
REPLACEMENT
IF LEAK MOVES WITH FILTER
General Filter Repair Procedure
If leaks are found on the filter, there is a possibility that this filter can still be
repaired by patching it using glue. Follow the guideline and procedure below.
Filter patch shall not exceed 3% of the total filter area and the maximum length of a
patch is 4 cm (based on NSF 49:2002)
1. Obtain 3M DP-100 clear glue.
2. Connect the glue tube to the nozzle.
3. Install the glue tube to the glue gun.
4. Get some used and unwanted papers.
5. Squeeze the trigger on the gun until the glue exits from the nozzle. Run the glue
on the paper for about 2 cm while pressing the nozzle against the paper to prevent
a blob on the nozzle exterior tip. The nozzle must be moved rapidly on the paper
to prevent the blob from forming. If we have a blob, we can not accurately inject
the glue on the filter.
6. Inject the glue on the leaking area of the filter. Let the gravity help the glue to go
down to the desired location. Make sure the hole on the filter is completely
covered.
7. Let the glue solidify (cure) for approximately 20 minutes
8. The procedure is complete.
The success of this procedure must be verified by performance certification of the
cabinet before resuming normal operation.
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1.6 DECONTAMINATION PROCEDURE
A complete decontamination kit is available from Esco with all materials, equipment and supplies required
to carry out decontamination for safety cabinets.
Decontamination should be performed under these following conditions:
•
before any maintenance works requiring access to the inside of the cabinet including filter and blower
changing/checking
•
after and accidental spill where inaccessible surfaces may be contaminated
•
before performance validation and re-certification, especially when the cabinet has been used with Biosafety
Level 3 agents
•
before cabinet relocation
Decontamination should only be performed by qualified personnel
1.6.1 WARNING ON FORMALIN EXPOSURE
The decontamination is frequently performed by means of formaldehyde fumigation or paraformaldehyde
depolymerisation
1. External contact can cause irritation to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes
2. Inhalation in small concentration can cause coughing, nausea, and diarrhoea
3. Inhalation in large concentration can cause convulsions, coma, and death
4. Long term exposure can cause cancer
•
PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LEVEL (PEL): 0.75 ppm for 8 hr TIME WEIGHTED AVERAGE (TWA)
•
SHORT TERM EXPOSURE LEVEL (STEL): 2 ppm for 15 minutes exposure, 4 times a day, minimum of 60
minutes between exposures.
(based on OSHA – Occupational Safety and Health Administration exposure limit USA)
Care should be taken when working with formaldehyde which is "reasonably anticipated to be a human
carcinogen" (IARC 1982, 1987, 1995). Personnel should be given adequate training and local safety regulations
should be observed. Following links provide general guidelines on formaldehyde safety:
Regulations (Standards - 29 CFR) Formaldehyde - 1910.1048, Occupational
Safety and Health Standards, OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health
Administration), U.S. Department of Labor
http://www.osha.gov
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OSHA Formaldehyde Fact sheet (PDF format)
http://www.osha.gov/OshDoc/data_General_Facts/formaldehyde-factsheet.pdf
•
Ammonia STEL: 35 ppm for 15 minutes exposure, 4 times a day, minimum of 60 minutes between exposure
(based on OSHA – Occupational Safety and Health Administration exposure limit)
1.6.2 COMMON LIST OF EQUIPMENTS USED
1. Device to measure the formaldehyde concentration
Formaldemeter® 400 has been found to be suitable and can be obtained from:
PPM Technology (UK)
http://www.ppm-technology.com
2. Device to measure the ammonia concentration
Draeger®-Tubes and Accuro® pump has been found to be suitable:
Dragerwerk AG (Germany)
http://www.draeger.com/index.html
Tubes with a measuring range of 0-100 ppm are recommended
3. Spore strips (optional)
1.6.3 APPROPRIATE PROTECTIVE CLOTHING
1. A solid front, back closing, full body, long-sleeved disposable lab gown is recommended.
2. Disposable Shoe covers
3. Disposable surgical/PVC gloves for hand protection. Gloves should be pulled over the knitted wrists of the
gown rather than worn inside. Double gloving should be considered.
Gloves should be worn while handling the formalin and ammonia solutions. Nitrile gloves,
which exhibit a high resistance to formaldehyde and are less prone to cause allergic skin
reactions as compared to latex should be used.
4. Full-faced mask with a disposable dust and mist respirator. The face shield should be wiped clean with a
suitable tissue and water after each use.
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1.6.4 COMMON APPARATUS
a. Beaker
b. Measuring cylinder
c. Tape (3m-3939 is recommended)
d. Air-tight bag that can enclose the entire cabinet (can be ordered from Esco)
e. Measuring tape
f. Biohazard waste bag
g. Hand-drill, screwdriver, and socket key (M4 and M5)
1.6.5 COMMON PREPARATION STEPS
1. It may be suitable to conduct a safety briefing for all personnel in the laboratory where the cabinet is sited prior
to carrying out the procedure. Suitable materials may be obtained from Esco.
2. Access to the laboratory should be restricted during the procedure. A warning sign should be posted on the door
of the lab to warn all personnel (a suitable label is available from Esco). No personnel should enter the lab until
the procedure is complete and the formaldehyde concentration has been verified to be within safe limits.
3. Prior to carrying out the procedure, contingency plans should be made in case there is a breach in the cabinet
seal and formaldehyde escapes into the surrounding laboratory environment.
The room ventilation design should be understood and the appropriate equipment should be available on hand
to vent the formaldehyde (for example by means of connecting a flexible hose via a small exhaust fan to vent
the vapour into an adjacent fume cupboard)
Special care should also be taken in case air from the laboratory is re-circulated to other parts of the building in
which case a formaldehyde breach could necessitate the evacuation of other areas in the building.
4. Measure the length, width and height of the air tight bag that enclosed the whole cabinet to get the volume. If
any ductwork is used, the volume must also be taken into account for the calculation of the chemicals needed.
1.6.6 DECONTAMINATION PROCESS
There are 2 alternative combinations of decontaminants and its neutralizer which commonly used:
1. 37% formalin solution (HCHO) and 25% ammonia solution (NH4OH) as neutralizer
2. paraformaldehyde and ammonium bicarbonate (NH4CO3) as neutralizer
The process involved will be slightly different and both will be discussed in detail.
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Alternatively, instead of neutralisation there can also be other ways to cancel out the effect of
formaldehyde/paraformaldehyde such as:
* connect a temporary duct to the cabinet and exhaust the gas to a fume cupboard
* connect a temporary duct to the external atmosphere using a temporary form connection
* if the cabinet itself is ducted, the existing duct connection can be used to exhaust the gas
However, it is important to ensure compliance with the local law and regulations.
1.6.6.1 FORMALDEHYDE – AMMONIA COMBINATION
Additional apparatus needed:
* Vaporizer – minimum 2; 1 for each chemical solution
1. Calculate the amount of formalin and ammonia needed based on the volume obtained on no.4 in the
previous section 1.6.5
* Formalin amount (ml)
: Total volume (m3) x 60 ml/m3
The combined solution is to be diluted using the same amount of water
60 ml of formalin plus 60 ml of water should be vaporized per cubic metre of volume obtained (based on EN
12469). It is possible to reduce the amount needed to 15 ml of formalin and 15 ml of water in which longer
formalin residence time may be required for the method to be effective; spore strips should also be used to
verify the effectiveness.
* Ammonia amount (ml)
:
Steps to get exact reaction
a)
Known Volume of formalin (37% solution of formaldehyde, weight / volume, in water) is A ml
b)
Determine the weight of the formaldehyde element present in the formalin solution from known volume
= A ml / 100 ml x 40 gr = B gr (assumption is that 40 grams of formaldehyde element are present in
100ml of water)
c)
Determine the number of moles of formaldehyde from the weight
= B gr / 30.026 gr = C mole
d)
Determine the number of moles of ammonia required to react with the above number of moles of
formaldehyde
4 / 6 x C mole = D mole
e)
Determine the weight of ammonia equivalent to the above number of moles of ammonia
= D x 17.03 gr = E gr
f)
Determine the volume of ammonia solution (25% solution) required
= E gr / 0.25 gr/ml = F ml
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In other words
Approximately 100ml of formalin (37% w/v solution) requires 60ml of ammonia (25% solution) for complete
reaction – as recommended by EN12469
Note: a) 45 ml formalin = 0.6 mole formalin
b) 6 mole formalin reacts with 4 mole ammonia
c) 37% formaldehyde contains 40 gr of formaldehyde in 100 ml of the solution
d) formalin molecular weight = 30.026 gr
e) ammonia molecular weight = 17.03 gr
f) ammonia density for 25% ammonia solution = 25% x 0.91 kg/L
(1 L solution = 0.91 kg of ammonia and water)
2.
As formaldehyde is typically non-penetrating, cabinet does not have to be pressure tight.
Completely enclose the cabinet using a plastic bag and ensure air-tightness inside the enclosure by utilising
tape in all appropriate places. Pay special attention to the power supply cables.
Please pay special
attention to the cables
ensure they are taped
properly so that there
are no leaks
3.
Wear the appropriate protective clothing (Refer to section 1.6.3 above)
4.
Thoroughly surface-decontaminate the work surface, side walls, inner back walls, drain pan, and interior
surface of the window using 70% ethanol or other disinfectant depending on the user's requirement. Do
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not use any disinfectant containing chlorine-based substance. Do surface decontamination as well to
the UV lights and electrical outlet when present
5.
Pour formalin to a measuring cylinder to get the correct volume based on the calculation; then pour it into
the vaporizer.
5.
Add same volume of water into the vaporizer
6.
Close the vaporizer opening and make sure it is in OFF condition
7.
Pour ammonia into another vaporizer with the amount based on calculation.
8.
Put both vaporizers on the table tray of the cabinet.
9.
Surface decontaminate the cap of the aerosol sampling port before removing the cap
Remove the cap as to ensure formaldehyde penetrate the entire inner surface
Do not open the cap while the blower is on and the cabinet unsealed
10. Connect the formalin vaporizer to the electrical outlet inside/outside the cabinet work
zone.
11. Turn on the formalin vaporizer
12. After approximately 50% of the formalin has been vaporized, turn on the cabinet blower
for around 10-15 seconds. After the evaporation is completed, turn on the cabinet blower
for around 10-15 seconds.
13. Allow the formaldehyde gas a minimum residence time of 6 hours, preferably over night.
14. Scan the formaldehyde concentration in room air when entering the room.
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15. Turn on the ammonia vaporizer
16. After approximately 25% of the ammonia has been vaporized, turn on the cabinet
blower for around 5 minutes
17. Allow the ammonia gas a minimum residence time of 6 hours.
18. See completion steps section 1.6.7
1.6.6.2 PARAFORMALDEHYDE – AMMONIUM BICARBONATE COMBINATION
Additional apparatus needed:
* Heating device (e.g. frying pan)
* aluminium foil
•
Check temperature and humidity. The inside cabinet work zone should be at room temperature greater
than 210C with 60% to 85% relative humidity. Use the hot plate to heat the beaker of water until the
desired temperature and humidity are achieved
•
Without the proper relative humidity, the formaldehyde gas will not be effective. The mode of entry of
formaldehyde into the living organisms is through the cell wall by the absorption of water
1. Calculate the amount of paraformaldehyde and ammonium bicarbonate needed based on the volume obtained
on no.4 in the previous section 1.6.5
* Paraformaldehyde amount (gram)
: Total volume (m3) x 11gram/m3
* Ammonium bicarbonate amount (gram)
:
a) Determine the stoichiometric amount of ammonium bicarbonate to neutralize the resulting
formaldehyde gas with ammonia gas
b) Weigh the ammonium bicarbonate so that its weight is 10% greater than the weight of the
paraformaldehyde used to ensure completion of the reaction.
2.
As formaldehyde is typically non-penetrating, cabinet does not have to be pressure tight.
Completely enclose the cabinet using a plastic bag and ensure air-tightness inside the enclosure by utilising
tape in all appropriate places. Pay special attention to the power supply cables.
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Please pay special
attention to the cables
ensure they are taped
properly so that there
are no leaks
3.
Wear the appropriate protective clothing (Refer to section 1.6.3 above)
4.
Thoroughly surface-decontaminate the work surface, side walls, inner back walls, drain pan, and interior
surface of the window using 70% ethanol or other disinfectant depending on the user's requirement. Do
not use any disinfectant containing chlorine-based substance. Do surface decontamination as well to
the UV lights and electrical outlet when present
5.
Spread the paraformaldehyde evenly over the heating surface of the heating device
The auto ignition temperature of paraformaldehyde is 3000C (5720F)
6.
Another heating device is place on the work tray for the ammonium bicarbonate. The ammonium
bicarbonate should be separated from the air in the cabinet until needed
Two examples of how the separation can be achieved:
Example 1:
Spread the ammonium bicarbonate evenly over the heating surface of the heating device. Cover
the top of the device with aluminium foil in such a way as to prevent the ammonium bicarbonate from
reacting with the formaldehyde during decontamination
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The aluminium foil can be placed to allow the escape of ammonia gas when heated or provision
can be made to remove the aluminium foil remotely at the start of the neutralization phase
The removal technique must not allow unsafe levels of formaldehyde to escape the cabinet.
Example 2:
Seal the cabinet using plastic with gloves as an integral part of the sheet of plastic. The ammonium
bicarbonate is placed in a sealed container inside the cabinet.
At the neutralization phase, the person performing the decontamination reaches into the cabinet
without breaking the seal by using the gloves.
The ammonium bicarbonate is removed from the sealed container and spread evenly over the
heating surface of the heating device. The heating device is energized and the ammonium bicarbonate is
heated and releases ammonia
7.
Surface decontaminate the cap of the aerosol sampling port before removing the cap
8.
Connect the heating device for paraformaldehyde to the electrical outlet outside the cabinet work zone
9.
After approximately 25% of the paraformaldehyde has been vaporized, turn on the cabinet blower for 10-15
seconds. Repeat after 50%, 75%, and 100% of the paraformaldehyde has depolymerised.
10. Allow the formaldehyde gas a minimum residence time of 6 hours, preferably over night.
11. Scan the formaldehyde concentration in room air using the when entering the room
12. Connect the heating device for ammonium bicarbonate to the electrical outlet inside/outside the cabinet
work zone
13. After approximately 25% of the ammonium bicarbonate has been vaporized, turn on the cabinet blower for
10-15 seconds. Repeat after 50%, 75%, and 100% of the ammonium bicarbonate has depolymerised.
14. Allow the ammonia gas a minimum residence time of 4 hours.
15. When cleaning up, you may find residual paraformaldehyde (white powder) on the surfaces. To remove
this, use ammonia in warm water and wipe down the affected surfaces. The paraformaldehyde will dissolve
in water and be neutralized by the ammonia.
16. See completion steps section 1.6.7
1.6.7 COMPLETION STEPS
1.
Check the ammonia concentration in room air.
2.
Check the formaldehyde concentration in room air at the end of the decontamination cycle, prior to
resuming work on the cabinet.
During this procedure, until the area is determined to be safe, a full face gas mask equipped with a
formaldehyde canister, should be worn. The filter for the mask must be selected for the appropriate level of
formaldehyde exposure. It must also be replaced regularly following the manufacturer’s instructions.
3.
Check the formaldehyde and ammonia concentration inside the cabinet.
4.
Take out the plastic bag that enclosed the cabinet.
5.
Remove all the apparatus from inside the cabinet.
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6.
Remove disposable gown and gloves carefully and wash hands using germicidal soap thoroughly.
1.6.8 VALIDATION OF DECONTAMINATION PROCEDURE (OPTIONAL)
1. Place some Bacillus subtilis var.niger spore strips inside the cabinet: (optional)
* work surface/table tray
* drain pan
* downstream HEPA filter
Spore strips on work surface
2. Place the similar strips outside the decontamination room for positive control (optional).
A suitable source may be obtained form the following:
STS duoTEK, Inc., USA
http://www.stsduotek.com/bio-indicators.html
3. Remove all the spore strips and place in Trypticase-soy broth and incubate for 7 days at 37oC.
4. If there is no growth of bacteria inside the broth (the broth remains clear), the decontamination procedure
has been successfully verified.
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CHAPTER II
PRODUCT SPECIFICATION
2.1 ENGINEERING DETAILS (AC2-XA)
PLEASE REFER TO THE END OF THIS CHAPTER
2.2 OPTIONAL RETROFIT K ITS
1. Support Stand (WARNING: 2 persons are required to assembly the support stand as it is heavy)
To enable mobility of the cabinet within the laboratory and for users without bench space
Types available:
a. Standard (with castors)
b. With levelling feet
2. IV Bar with 6 hooks
For IV bags filling applications
3. Service Fixtures (both European and American style fixtures available)
To provide supplies of gas, vacuum, water and compressed air to the cabinet
For vacuum fixture, please install a filter between the work zone and the fixture.
4. Germicidal UV Lamp
For germicidal decontamination
5. Electrical socket/GFCI outlets (total 6A rating for all outlets in cabinet)
To allow users to use electrical devices, such as ultra-sonic bath, hotplate and electronic weighing scale inside
the work-zone. For 115 V cabinets, the GFCI outlets will shut off in the event of earth leakage (0.4mA – 0.6mA)
6. Thimble (non air-tight) exhaust collar.
7. Formalin vaporiser (for decontamination)
8. Base storage cabinet
9. Armrest padding
10.Ergonomic footrest
11.Ergonomic adjustable lab chair
2.3 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
PLEASE REFER TO THE END OF THIS CHAPTER
2.4 ELECTRICAL DIAGRAM
PLEASE REFER TO THE END OF THIS CHAPTER
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2.5 SENTINEL CONTROL SYSTEM
Mains Input Voltage: 100-240VAC
Mains Input Frequency: 50/60Hz
Sentinel® Control Input Voltage: 7.5VDC
Max input current: 500mA
Electromagnetic interference
Hardware requirement:
PSC, forward curve fan
UV light
Fluorescent light
Airflow sensor, Input 12VDC, Output: 0-5VDC
Three microswitches
keypad, and dual output SMPS
Sentinel® Control, comprising main board, relay board, interface board, 1x16 LCD,
SMPS I/P (PIN1)
+7.5V
HARDWARE RESET
SW1
KEYPAD CON
(JP1) (PIN1)
BATTERY BACKUP FOR
RTC (BT1)
JTAG CON J9
JP5 (PIN1) self
powered
LCD CON (J5) (PIN1)
DB9 CON P1
(PIN1)
RE LAY CON
(J8) (PIN1)
ANALOG I/P CON
(J1-J4)
DIGITAL I/P CON
(J11-J12)
Fig. 29 Sentinel Control Diagram
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TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
General Specifications
External Dimensions (L x W x H)
Internal Work Zone (L x W x H)
AC2-3AX
1035 x 769 x 1345 mm
40.7" x 30.3" x 52.9"
965 x 540 x 630 mm
38" x 21.3" x 24.8"
AC2-4AX
1340 x 769 x 1345 mm
52.7" x 30.3" x 52.9"
1270 x 540 x 630 mm
50" x 21.3" x 24.8"
AC2-5AX
1645 x 769 x 1345 mm
64.7" x 30.3" x 52.9"
1575 x 540 x 630 mm
62" x 21.3" x 24.8""
AC2-6AX
1950 x 769 x 1345 mm
76.7" x 30.3" x 52.9"
1880 x 540 x 630 mm
74" x 21.3" x 24.8"
EN 12469:2000 (exceeds requirements for Class II microbiological safety cabinets)
Standards Compliance
Air cleanliness: ISO 14664.1 Class 3, IEST-G-CC1001, IEST-G-CC1002 and other equivalent requirements
Filter performance: IEST-RP-CC034.1, IEST-RP-CC007.1, IEST-RP-CC001.3 and EN1822
Electrical safety: IEC 61010-1 / EN 61010-1 / UL 3101-1 / CSA C22.2 No. 1010.1-92
Average Airflow Velocities
Inflow
Initial setpoint: 0.45 m/s or 90 fpm (audible / visual alarm will activate at 0.4m/s or 80fpm)
Downflow
Initial setpoint: 0.3 m/s or 60 fpm (uniformity is +/-20%)
Airflow Volumes At Initial Airflow Velocity Setpoints
Inflow
290 cmh / 170 cfm
375 cmh / 220 cfm
460 cmh / 270 cfm
545 cmh / 320 cfm
Downflow (70%)
560 cmh / 330 cfm
740 cmh / 440 cfm
920 cmh / 540 cfm
1100 cmh / 650 cfm
Exhaust (30%)
290 cmh / 170 cfm
375 cmh / 220 cfm
460 cmh / 270 cfm
545 cmh / 320 cfm
Cleanliness Within Working Area
ISO 14644.1 Class 3, US Federal Standard 209E Class 1 / M1.5, AS 1386 Class 1.5, JIS B9920 Class 3, BS5295 Class C,
Class M10,000 as per KS 27030.1 and equivalent classes of VDI 2083 and AFNOR X44101
Downflow and Exhaust Filter Type
ULPA filter with integral metal guards and filter frame gaskets; fully compliant with EN 1822 and IEST-RP-CC001.3
requirements (each cabinet has individual downflow and exhaust filters)
Filter Efficiency Ratings
Minimum: 99.9995% at 0.3µm / 99.9994% at 0.12µm / 99.9991% at MPPS
Typical: 99.9999% at 0.3µm / 99.9999% at 0.12µm / 99.9999% at MPPS
Noise Level
Typically <60 dBA at initial blower speed setting, according to EN 12469:2000, based on 4 feet model, subject to acoustic
properties of test environment
Light Intensity
>1200 Lux / >111 foot candles, measured at work surface level (zero background) as per NSF49 test grid
Maximum Power consumption/Current
(220-240VAC / 50Hz Models) 1Ph
298W or 1017BTU / 1.30A
312W or 1065BTU / 1.35A
560W or 1911BTU / 2.43A
(110-130VAC / 60Hz Models) 1Ph
398W or 1358 BTU / 3.32A
412W or 1406BTU / 3.43A
760W or 2594BTU/ 6.33A
776W or 2648BTU/ 6.47A
Net Weight (Approximate)
190 kgs / 418 lbs
225 kgs / 495 lbs
260 kgs / 572 lbs
310 kgs / 682 lbs
Max Shipping Weight
285 kgs / 627 lbs
1200 x 950 x 1880 mm
47.2" x 37.4" x 74.0"
320 kgs / 704 lbs
1500 x 950 x 1880 mm
59.0" x 37.4" x 74.0"
355 kgs / 781 lbs
1800 x 950 x 1880 mm
70.9" x 37.4" x 74.0"
405 kgs / 891 lbs
2100 x 950 x 1880 mm
82.7" x 37.4" x 74.0"
2.14 cbm / 75.6 cbf
2.68 cbm / 94.6 cbf
3.21 cbm / 113.4 cbf
3.75 cbm / 132.4 cbf
Max Shipping Dimensions (L x W x H)
Max Shipping Volume
576W or 1966BTU / 2.50A
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CHAPTER III
TROUBLESHOOTING
The following section will help you to solve some of the common problems that might occur during the
operation of the cabinet. If you have any questions, please do not hesitate to contact Esco.
WARNING: ELECTRICAL HAZARD. PLEASE STUDY ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT DIAGRAM CAREFULLY
BEFORE START. THE ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT DIAGRAM IS LOCATED AT THE COVER OF THE ELECTRICAL
BOX, BEHIND THE FRONT PANEL.
3.1 VISUAL TROUBLESHOOTING
1. Open the front panel.
2. Open the cover of the electrical box.
Investigate all the electrical components and wires inside electrical panel. If you found any physical damage,
please replace the spoiled parts as soon as possible by contacting Esco.
3. Please check the connection of all cables and wires.
3.2 ELECTRICAL TROUBLESHOOTING
Problem
Cabinet does
not start
Possible Causes
Wrong electrical
connection
Corrective Action
Check whether electrical cord has been connected properly
1. Check for SMPS output of 7.5VDC at its output terminal
2. If the voltage is less than 7VDC, replace the SMPS
1. Check whether there is 7.5VDC supply to main board. Using
multimeter, probe J13 on the main board with the terminal
nearer to the edge of the board as negative terminal
2. If the polarity is negative, reverse the terminal connection of
J13. If the voltage is lower than 7VDC, check the SMPS
output
3. Check whether there is 7.5VDC supply to relay board.
Repeat step 1 and 2 for J1 on the relay board with terminal
nearer to the edge as negative terminal
Power failure
Spoiled Main Board
1. Check for electrical power at the wall outlet
2. Reset the circuit breaker by pressing the button
Restart cabinet several times, if the following three conditions
still persist, then the main board is spoiled
1. All LEDs on the membrane are always off
2. LCD displays nothing
3. No sounds from Relay Board
Please replace the main board
Chapter III – Troubleshooting 76 76
SERVICE SECTION
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Motor silent
Spoiled Relay Board
Relay Board is spoiled if the following conditions exist
1. Main Board works properly
2. FRC cable between main board and relay boards are properly
installed
3. None of FAN, LIGHT, SOCKET, and UV can be controlled
Please replace the relay board.
Fan is Off
Please switch on FAN by pressing FAN button first, enter the
FAN PIN is required
1. Switch off the cabinet
Blown fuse
2. Check for F1 fuse on the relay board. If the fuse
blown, replace with new ones.
Faulty relays
1. Switch off the cabinet
2. Check LS1 relay on the relay board. Ensure that C-NC
connection is closed and C-NO open.
3. Check K1 relay mounted on the electrical box. Ensure that
C-NC connection is closed and C-NO open.
4. Replace the faulty relay(s)
Faulty speed control
1. Short out control by placing jumper wire directly across the
connections to the two speeds control leads.
2. If the fan operates, the speed control is defective. Call your
distributor for replacement
3. If the fan does not run, the speed control is not the problem
Auto-thermal cut-off
1. Blower was overheated.
2. Wait for 30 minutes and try again. Ensure that no hazardous
materials inside the cabinet
1. Disconnect two motor leads at the motor. Connect a proper
AC voltage source directly to the motor.
2. If the motor starts to run, the problem is in the wiring
connection. Refer to blown fuse or faulty relay section
3. If the motor does not run, the motor is defective. Replace
motor
Motor silent
Motor failure
Blank LCD
Faulty capacitor
Replace the capacitor. Check for open wiring connection
Connection problem
Check whether LCD FRC has been inserted properly to its
socket on the main board
Connect a good LCD to LCD port of main board, if good LCD
works, then the old one is spoiled. Replace old one
1. Check whether the green plastic cable from keypad has
been inserted properly into the interface board
2. Check whether the interface board has been connected to
the main board through an FRC
Spoiled LCD
Inoperative
buttons
Connection problem
Spoiled Cable and/or
Interface Board and/or
keypad
Airflow Failure alarm is
triggered (this
could be due to
either hardware
External air interference
Replace them one by one, to check which part/parts is/are
spoiled, replace good one.
1. Ensure that there is no external source of winds, like air
conditioner or fan, in the vicinity of cabinet
2. Ensure there is enough clearance between the exhaust and
the ceiling
Chapter III – Troubleshooting 77 77
SERVICE SECTION
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Low Mains
Voltage/Fluctuating
Voltage
1. Using multimeter, probe LIVE and NEUTRAL terminals.
2. If the mains voltage is lower than the test report value or
exhibits fluctuations higher than the stated tolerance (+/2%), adjust the speed control to get blower output voltage as
stated in the calibration certificate
Low speed control
setting
Increase the speed control setting. Refer to ERR.AIRFAIL
section for details
Sensor Failure
Air Flow Sensor failure
1. Ensure that sensor is not blocked at all, and its through-hole
is perpendicular to filter’s surface
2. Check the sensor connection
3. Using multimeter, check the sensor’s output voltage at
channel AIN1 and J1. The voltage increases with the
increase of airflow. Replace sensor if not so
4. Call your distributor if the three steps does not solve the
problem
Temperature Sensor Failure
1. Check the sensor connection
2. Using multimeter, check the sensor’s output voltage at
channel AIN4 and J4. The voltage should be less than 0.50V.
Replace sensor if not so
Motor failure
Faulty/ inaccurate
calibration
Check the motor. Refer to motor silent section
Re-calibrate the controller. WARNING: this step should be done
by an authorised person
Excessive fan
noise
Loose Motor or Blower
Wheel Mount
Check the tightness of the setscrew holding the blower wheel.
Check the tightness of all blower and motor mounting bolts
Light always
OFF
Sash in SASH ALARM
or UV state
1. Raise the sash to READY position/working height.
2. Switch on light by pressing LIGHT button
Faulty relay
Check LS7 relay and F7 fuse on the relay board. Ensure that CNC connection is closed and C-NO open. Replace the faulty
relay board. Call your distributor for details
Replace the faulty light
1. Lower the sash to UV mode position (fully closed)
2. Switch on UV light by pressing UV button
UV Light
always OFF
Electrical
Socket always
OFF
Contaminated
samples
Faulty light
Sash not in UV state
Faulty relay
Check LS8 relay on the relay board. Ensure that C-NC
connection is closed and C-NO open. Replace the faulty relay
board. Call your distributor for details
Faulty UV light
Replace the faulty UV light
Faulty relay
Check LS4 relay on the relay board. . Ensure that C-NC
connection is closed and C-NO open. Replace the faulty relay
board. Call your distributor for details
Faulty electrical socket
Filter leaking
Replace the electrical socket
Repair or replace filter and recertify the cabinet
Low airflow
Front air grilles
blocked/Operator
(Cross-Contamination)
Readjust the airflow and recertify the cabinet
Check work technique
Chapter III – Troubleshooting 78 78
SERVICE SECTION
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3.3 SOFTWARE TROUBLESHOOTING
Error Codes
ERR.MSWITCH
Explanation
Corrective Action
MAGNETIC switch error; Check for faulty Magnetic switch(es)
This error happened
1. Press MENU button and key in ADMIN password if any.
when there are more
Pressing SET button to read diagnostic message
than 1 Switch is
2. Three Magnetic Switches
activated.
a. Switch_0 (J3) ON when sash is fully opened, there is a
7.5V at J3 port
b. Switch_1 (J10) ON when sash is at nominal height, the
DIN1 and J10 are shorted
c. Switch_2 (J11) ON when sash is fully closed, the DIN2
and J11 are shorted
d. If all Switches are off, the sash is at SASH ALARM
position
3. Check the position of switch and signal at main board
respectively
4. Remove any magnetic devices near the cabinet
Check for faulty main board of Sentinel® control
1. Switch off the system
2. Remove the connection from J3, DIN1, J10,
DIN2, and J11.
3. Switch on the system
4. If the LCD does not show “SASH ALARM”, the main board
is faulty.
5. Call you distributor to get the replacement board
If the problem remains, call your distributor for help
ERR.AIRFAIL
Airflow Error;
1.
happens if FAN button is 2.
pressed when airflow
falls below fail point.
ERR.CALIB
Controller is not yet
calibrated
Check for inflow velocity using anemometer
If the inflow actually drops below the fail point (see
Calibration section for exact number), adjust the speed
control to achieve blower output voltage as stated in
Calibration certificate. WARNING: this step should be done
by authorised person
3. If the inflow still above the fail point,
a. Press menu and key in ADMIN password to switch to
MAINTENANCE mode
b. Pres SET button to read diagnostic message.
c. Check whether Constant and Temperature are correct. If
Constant is not correct, please change constant to factory
setting. If temperature is incorrect, please check the wire
connection and temperature sensor. Call your distributor
to replace spoiled parts if any.
d. Check the wire connection and air-flow sensor. Call your
distributor to replace spoiled parts if any
WARNING: this step should be done by an authorised
person
Calibrate the controller. Refer to Calibration section for
details. WARNING: this step should be done by an
authorised person
Chapter III – Troubleshooting 79 79
SERVICE SECTION
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COPYRIGHT INFORMATION
Copyright 2004 Esco Micro Pte Ltd. All rights reserved.
Esco Micro Pte Ltd
21 Changi South Street 1
Singapore 486777
The information contained in this manual and the accompanying product are copyrighted and all rights are reserved
by Esco Micro Pte Ltd. Esco Micro Pte Ltd reserves the right to make periodic minor design changes without
obligation to notify any person or entity of such change.
Sentinel and Airstream is a registered trademark of Esco Micro Pte Ltd
Copyright Information 80
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WARRANTY REGISTRATION AND SURVEY FORM
Thank you for purchasing an Esco product and taking some time out of your demanding schedule to take part in this
survey. This is part of our continuous effort to provide better products and services for our loyal customers.
Please complete this form and return it to us by fax or e-mail. Thank you for your participation.
1. PRODUCT INFORMATION
Model Number
: _____________________________________________________________________________
Serial Number
: _____________________________________________________________________________
Date of Purchase
: _____________________________________________________________________________
2. CUSTOMER INFORMATION
Company
: _____________________________________________________________________________
Address
: _____________________________________________________________________________
: _____________________________________________________________________________
Telephone
: _____________________________________________________________________________
Fax
: _____________________________________________________________________________
Email
: _____________________________________________________________________________
3. NAME OF ESCO DISTRIBUTOR
Contact
: _____________________________________________________________________________
Company
: _____________________________________________________________________________
Country
: _____________________________________________________________________________
4. Have you been using other brands before Esco?
Yes
No
If your answer to the above question is Yes, please kindly tell us the brands that you have been using:
a)__________________________
b)__________________________
c)__________________________
d)__________________________
e)__________________________
5. Do you have any complaints after using Esco cabinet?
Yes
No
If your answer to the above question is Yes, please help us to build better products in the future by telling us about
your complaints:
Warranty Registration and Survey Form 81
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_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
6. Do you have additional features/suggestions that you would like to see in our future products?
Yes
No
If your answer to the above question is Yes, please kindly write them below:
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
7. Please rate your opinion on the following subjects accordingly. If you think Esco has done a good job on the
subject, you may give it a score of 5. If you think Esco still has a long way to go to achieve customer expectation on
the subject, you may give it a score of 1. You can also give a score between 1 and 5 to show your opinion.
Poor ------------------------------------------------Good
Price
1
2
3
4
5
On-time delivery
1
2
3
4
5
Service response
1
2
3
4
5
Cabinet physical appearance
1
2
3
4
5
Build quality
1
2
3
4
5
Product reliability
1
2
3
4
5
Product documentation
1
2
3
4
5
Warranty Registration and Survey Form 82
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Product packaging
1
2
3
4
5
Ergonomics
1
2
3
4
5
Ease of use
1
2
3
4
5
Brand recognition
1
2
3
4
5
8. Comments:
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
Please choose your T-Shirt size and Get a FREE Esco T-shirt!
(Allow Up to 4 Weeks For Delivery)
T-Shirt Size*: Large / Extra-Large
* Delete Inapplicable Field
Warranty Registration and Survey Form 83
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DEFECT REPORTING FORM
To submit your warranty claim or to obtain a Return Authorization (RA) number, please complete this defect reporting form and
return it to Esco by fax or postal mail.
PRODUCT INFORMATION
Model Number
: ___________________________________________________________________________________
Serial Number
: ___________________________________________________________________________________
Date of Purchase : ___________________________________________________________________________________
CUSTOMER INFORMATION
Company
: ___________________________________________________________________________________
Address
: ___________________________________________________________________________________
Telephone
: ___________________________________________________________________________________
Fax
: ___________________________________________________________________________________
Email
: ___________________________________________________________________________________
: ___________________________________________________________________________________
NAME OF ESCO DISTRIBUTOR
Contact
: ___________________________________________________________________________________
Company
: ___________________________________________________________________________________
Country
: ___________________________________________________________________________________
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF ERROR
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
WHEN DID THE ERROR OCCUR*
Transport Damage / Unpacking / Assembly / Routine Operation
RETURNING PRODUCTS/PARTS*
Under Warranty / For Service or Repair / For Replacement / Credit Note Requested
Name/Date: ________________________ Signature: _________________________
Defect Reporting Form 84
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REPLACEMENT PARTS LIST
The use of non-Esco parts and/or parts not supplied directly by Esco or our authorized distributors, including but not limited to
maintenance parts, spare parts, replacement parts, system components and/or system accessories, shall void all expressed or
implied warranties.
PARTS LIST FOR AC2-3A1 (3 FEET, 220-240V, 50HZ)
Item
Item Code
No. Per
Cabinet
Description
MECHANICAL REPLACEMENT PARTS
EQR/SP-FTR07
1. FILTER
EQR/SP-FTR03
2. BLOWER
EQR/EL-BL-R4355AF
EQR/GL-20
3. TEMPERED GLASS
EQR/GL-02
457X914x66mm (3'X1.5'X66MM) Eff: >99.99%
dP: 125Pa @ 0.45m/s
457X457x66mm (1.5'X1.5'X66MM) Eff: >99.99%
dP: 125Pa @ 0.45m/s
1
1
BLOWER CENTRIFUGAL R4E 355, 6MF 220240VAC, 50HZ
TEMPERED GLASS 498 x 635 x 5MM 3 HOLES
DIA 19MM
TEMPERED GLASS 980 x 6500 x 6MM 6 HOLES
DIA 6MM
1
COMPLETE ELECTRICAL PANEL 220-240VAC
EPA WITH SPEED CONTROL 26K6AMP
1
2
1
ELECTRICAL REPLACEMENT PARTS
1. ELECTRIC MODULE
1.1. SPEED CONTROL*
EP-A
1
EQR/EL-KB-KBWC-26 SPEED CONTROLLER 26R, 6AMPS
1
1.2. BALLAST*
EQR/EL-BAL-TP4/32IS ELECTRONIC BALLAST
1.3. UV BALLAST*
EQR/EL-BAL-EBP30
UV BALLAST
1
1.4. RELAY*
EQR/EL-REL-JQX220
RELAY 10A/2POLE, 220-240V
1
SENTINEL CONTROL “C” SERIES
1
MEMBRANE
MAINBOARD
RELAY BOARD WITH CABLE
5A QUICK ACTING F5AL250V FUSE
INTERFACE BOARD WITH CABLE
LCD WITH CABLE
SMPS
ESCO AIRFLOW SENSOR
CBB 60 CAPACITOR, 400V, 6MF FOR BLOWER
220-240 VAC
FLUORESCENT TUBE 3FT,
1
1
1
5
1
1
1
1
1
UV GERMICIDAL TUBE 1.5FT
1
CIRCUIT BREAKER , 3AMPS, WITH KNURL NUT
1
MAGNETIC SWITCH
3
1.5 CONTROL*
2. AIRFLOW ALARM AND CONTROL SYSTEM
2.1. MEMBRANE*
EQR/EL-MC06
2.2. MAINBOARD*
EQR/EL-MC01
2.3 RELAY BOARD*
EQR/EL-MC02
2.3.1 FUSE
2.4 INTERFACE BOARD*
EQR/EL-MC03
2.5 LCD*
EQR/EL-MC04
2.6 SMPS*
EQR/EL-MC05
2.7. AIRFLOW SENSOR*
EQR/EL-SA
EQR/EL-CCAP-6MF
3. CAPACITOR*
4. FLUORESCENT TUBE
5. UV TUBE
6. CIRCUIT BREAKER
EQR/EL-TUB-3F30W
EQR/EL-TUBUV15F15W
EQR/EL-CB-3A
7. MAGNETIC SWITCH
EQR/EL-MC-BS2011
8. MAGNET
EQR/EL-MC-MAGNET MAGNET STRIP
2
3
* Item is included on complete main replacement electrical panel. However it may be replaced individually if required.
(exception: membrane (2.1) and LCD (2.5) must be ordered together)
Replacement Parts List
85
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PARTS LIST FOR AC2-3A2 (3 FEET, 110-130V, 60HZ)
Item
Item Code
No. Per
Cabinet
Description
MECHANICAL REPLACEMENT PARTS
EQR/SP-FTR07
1. FILTER
EQR/SP-FTR03
2. BLOWER
EQR/EL-BL-R4355AF
EQR/GL-20
3. TEMPERED GLASS
EQR/GL-02
457X914x66mm (3'X1.5'X66MM) Eff: >99.99%
dP: 125Pa @ 0.45m/s
457X457x66mm (1.5'X1.5'X66MM) Eff: >99.99%
dP: 125Pa @ 0.45m/s
BLOWER CENTRIFUGAL R4E 355-AF 20MF
110-130VAC, 60HZ
TEMPERED GLASS 498 x 635 x 5MM 3 HOLES
DIA 19MM
TEMPERED GLASS 980 x 6500 x 6MM 6 HOLES
DIA 6MM
1
1
1
2
1
ELECTRICAL REPLACEMENT PARTS
1. ELECTRIC MODULE
1.1. SPEED CONTROL*
1.2. BALLAST*
EP-D
COMPLETE ELECTRICAL PANEL 110-130VAC
EP-D WITH SPEED CONTROL
1
EQR/EL-KB-KBWC-15 SPEED CONTROLLER 15K5AMPS
1
EQR/EL-BAL-TP4/32IS ELECTRONIC BALLAST
1
EQR/EL-BAL-EBU120
UV BALLAST
1
RELAY 20A, 120V
1
SENTINEL CONTROL “C” SERIES
1
MEMBRANE
MAINBOARD
RELAY BOARD WITH CABLE
5A QUICK ACTING F5AL250V FUSE
INTERFACE BOARD WITH CABLE
LCD WITH CABLE
SMPS
ESCO AIRFLOW SENSOR
CBB 60 CAPACITOR, 400V, 20MF FOR BLOWER
110-130 VAC
FLUORESCENT TUBE 3FT,
1
1
1
5
1
1
1
1
UV GERMICIDAL TUBE 1.5FT
1
EQR/EL-CB-6A
CIRCUIT BREAKER 6AMPS, WITH KNURL NUT
1
7. MAGNETIC SWITCH
EQR/EL-MC-BS2011
MAGNETIC SWITCH
3
8. MAGNET
EQR/EL-MC-MAGNET MAGNET STRIP
1.3. UV BALLAST*
1.4. RELAY*
EQR/EL-REL-JQX30A
1.5 CONTROL*
2. AIRFLOW ALARM AND CONTROL SYSTEM
2.1. MEMBRANE*
EQR/EL-MC06
2.2. MAINBOARD*
EQR/EL-MC01
2.3 RELAY BOARD*
EQR/EL-MC02
2.3.1 FUSE
2.4 INTERFACE BOARD*
EQR/EL-MC03
2.5 LCD*
EQR/EL-MC04
2.6 SMPS*
EQR/EL-MC05
2.7. AIRFLOW SENSOR*
EQR/EL-SA
3. CAPACITOR*
EQR/EL-CCAP-20MF
4. FLUORESCENT TUBE
EQR/EL-TUB-3F30W
EQR/EL-TUBUV15F15W
5. UV TUBE
6. CIRCUIT BREAKER
1
2
3
* Item is included on complete main replacement electrical panel. However it may be replaced individually if required.
(exception: membrane (2.1) and LCD (2.5) must be ordered together)
Replacement Parts List
86
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PARTS LIST FOR AC2-4A1 (4 FEET, 220-240V, 50HZ)
Item
Item Code
No. Per
Cabinet
Description
MECHANICAL REPLACEMENT PARTS
1. FILTER
EQR/SP-FTR05
EQR/SP-FTR09
2. BLOWER
3. TEMPERED GLASS
EQR/EL-BL-R4355AF
EQR/GL-20
EQR/GL-03
457X610x66mm (2'X1.5'X66MM) Eff: >99.99%
dP: 125Pa @ 0.45m/s
1219X610x66mm (4'X1.5'X66MM) Eff: >99.99%
dP: 125Pa @ 0.45m/s
BLOWER CENTRIFUGAL R4E 355, 6MF 220240VAC, 50HZ
TEMPERED GLASS 498 x 635 x 5MM 3 HOLES
DIA 19MM
TEMPERED GLASS 1285 x 650 x 6MM 6 HOLES
DIA 6MM
1
1
1
2
1
ELECTRICAL REPLACEMENT PARTS
1. ELECTRIC MODULE
EP-A
COMPLETE ELECTRICAL PANEL 220-240VAC
EPA WITH SPEED CONTROL 26K6AMP
1
EQR/EL-KB-KBWC-26 SPEED CONTROLLER 26R, 6AMPS
1
1.2. BALLAST*
EQR/EL-BAL-TP4/32IS ELECTRONIC BALLAST
1
1.3. UV BALLAST*
EQR/EL-BAL-EBP30
UV BALLAST
1
1.4. RELAY*
EQR/EL-REL-JQX220
RELAY 10A/2POLE, 220-240V
1
SENTINEL CONTROL “C” SERIES
1
1.1. SPEED CONTROL*
1.5 CONTROL*
2. AIRFLOW ALARM AND CONTROL SYSTEM
2.1. MEMBRANE*
EQR/EL-MC06
2.2. MAINBOARD*
EQR/EL-MC01
2.3 RELAY BOARD*
EQR/EL-MC02
2.3.1 FUSE
2.4 INTERFACE BOARD*
EQR/EL-MC03
2.5 LCD*
EQR/EL-MC04
2.6 SMPS*
EQR/EL-MC05
2.7. AIRFLOW SENSOR*
EQR/EL-SA
EQR/EL-CCAP-6MF
3. CAPACITOR*
1
1
1
5
1
1
1
1
4. FLUORESCENT TUBE
5. UV TUBE
MEMBRANE
MAINBOARD
RELAY BOARD WITH CABLE
5A QUICK ACTING F5AL250V FUSE
INTERFACE BOARD WITH CABLE
LCD WITH CABLE
SMPS
ESCO AIRFLOW SENSOR
CBB 60 CAPACITOR, 400V, 6MF FOR BLOWER
220-240 VAC
EQR/EL-TUB-4F36W
FLUORESCENT TUBE 4FT 36W
EQR/EL-TUB-UV3F30W UV GERMICIDAL TUBE 3FT 30W
CIRCUIT BREAKER , 3AMPS, WITH KNURL NUT
EQR/EL-CB-3A
2
1
7. MAGNETIC SWITCH
EQR/EL-MC-BS2011
3
8. MAGNET
EQR/EL-MC-MAGNET MAGNET STRIP
6. CIRCUIT BREAKER
MAGNETIC SWITCH
1
1
3
* Item is included on complete main replacement electrical panel. However it may be replaced individually if required.
(exception: membrane (2.1) and LCD (2.5) must be ordered together)
Replacement Parts List
87
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PARTS LIST FOR AC2-4A2 (4 FEET, 110-130V, 60HZ)
Item
Item Code
No. Per
Cabinet
Description
MECHANICAL REPLACEMENT PARTS
EQR/SP-FTR05
1. FILTER
2. BLOWER
EQR/SP-FTR09
EQR/EL-BL-R4355AF
EQR/GL-20
3. TEMPERED GLASS
EQR/GL-03
457X610x66mm (2'X1.5'X66MM) Eff: >99.99%
dP: 125Pa @ 0.45m/s
1219X610x66mm (4'X1.5'X66MM) Eff: >99.99%
dP: 125Pa @ 0.45m/s
BLOWER CENTRIFUGAL R4E 355-AF 20MF
110-130VAC, 60HZ
TEMPERED GLASS 498 x 635 x 5MM 3 HOLES
DIA 19MM
TEMPERED GLASS 1285 x 650 x 6MM 6 HOLES
DIA 6MM
1
1
1
2
1
ELECTRICAL REPLACEMENT PARTS
1. ELECTRIC MODULE
1.1. SPEED CONTROL*
1.2. BALLAST*
1.3. UV BALLAST*
1.4. RELAY*
EP-D
COMPLETE ELECTRICAL PANEL 110-130VAC
EP-D WITH SPEED CONTROL
1
EQR/EL-KB-KBWC-15 SPEED CONTROLLER 15K5AMPS
1
EQR/EL-BAL-TP4/32IS ELECTRONIC BALLAST
1
EQR/EL-BAL-EBU120
EQR/EL-REL-JQX30A
1.5 CONTROL*
UV BALLAST
1
RELAY 20A, 120V
1
SENTINEL CONTROL “C” SERIES
1
2. AIRFLOW ALARM AND CONTROL SYSTEM
2.1. MEMBRANE*
EQR/EL-MC06
2.2. MAINBOARD*
EQR/EL-MC01
2.3 RELAY BOARD*
EQR/EL-MC02
2.3.1 FUSE
2.4 INTERFACE BOARD*
EQR/EL-MC03
2.5 LCD*
EQR/EL-MC04
2.6 SMPS*
EQR/EL-MC05
2.7. AIRFLOW SENSOR*
EQR/EL-SA
1
1
1
5
1
1
1
1
3. CAPACITOR*
MEMBRANE
MAINBOARD
RELAY BOARD WITH CABLE
5A QUICK ACTING F5AL250V FUSE
INTERFACE BOARD WITH CABLE
LCD WITH CABLE
SMPS
ESCO AIRFLOW SENSOR
CBB 60 CAPACITOR, 400V, 20MF FOR BLOWER
EQR/EL-CCAP-20MF
110-130 VAC
EQR/EL-TUB-4F36W
FLUORESCENT TUBE 4FT 36W
EQR/EL-TUB-UV3F30W UV GERMICIDAL TUBE 3FT 30W
1
EQR/EL-CB-6A
CIRCUIT BREAKER 6AMPS, WITH KNURL NUT
1
7. MAGNETIC SWITCH
EQR/EL-MC-BS2011
MAGNETIC SWITCH
3
8. MAGNET
EQR/EL-MC-MAGNET MAGNET STRIP
4. FLUORESCENT TUBE
5. UV TUBE
6. CIRCUIT BREAKER
2
1
3
* Item is included on complete main replacement electrical panel. However it may be replaced individually if required.
(exception: membrane (2.1) and LCD (2.5) must be ordered together)
Replacement Parts List
88
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E-MAIL biotech@escoglobal.com WEBSITE www.escoglobal.com
PARTS LIST FOR AC2-6A1 (6 FEET, 220-240V, 50HZ)
Item
Item Code
No. Per
Cabinet
Description
MECHANICAL REPLACEMENT PARTS
1. FILTER
EQR/SP-FTR11
EQR/SP-FTR07
2. BLOWER
3. TEMPERED GLASS
EQR/EL-BL-R4355AF
EQR/GL-20
EQR/GL-05
457X1829x66mm (6'X1.5'X66MM) Eff: >99.99%
dP: 125Pa @ 0.45m/s
457X914x66mm (3'X1.5'X66MM) Eff: >99.99%
dP: 125Pa @ 0.45m/s
BLOWER CENTRIFUGAL R4E 355, 6MF 220240VAC, 50HZ
TEMPERED GLASS 498 x 635 x 5MM 3 HOLES
DIA 19MM
TEMPERED GLASS 1895 x 650 x 6MM 6 HOLES
DIA 6MM
1
1
2
2
1
ELECTRICAL REPLACEMENT PARTS
1. ELECTRIC MODULE
EP-A
COMPLETE ELECTRICAL PANEL 220-240VAC
EPA WITH SPEED CONTROL 26K6AMP
1
EQR/EL-KB-KBWC-26 SPEED CONTROLLER 26R, 6AMPS
1
1.2. BALLAST*
EQR/EL-BAL-TP4/32IS ELECTRONIC BALLAST
1
1.3. UV BALLAST*
EQR/EL-BAL-EBP30
UV BALLAST
1
1.4. RELAY*
EQR/EL-REL-JQX220
RELAY 10A/2POLE, 220-240V
1
SENTINEL CONTROL “C” SERIES
1
1.1. SPEED CONTROL*
1.5 CONTROL*
2. AIRFLOW ALARM AND CONTROL SYSTEM
2.1. MEMBRANE*
EQR/EL-MC06
2.2. MAINBOARD*
EQR/EL-MC01
2.3 RELAY BOARD*
EQR/EL-MC02
2.3.1 FUSE
2.4 INTERFACE BOARD*
EQR/EL-MC03
2.5 LCD*
EQR/EL-MC04
2.6 SMPS*
EQR/EL-MC05
2.7. AIRFLOW SENSOR*
EQR/EL-SA
EQR/EL-CCAP-6MF
3. CAPACITOR*
1
1
1
5
1
1
1
1
4. FLUORESCENT TUBE
5. UV TUBE
MEMBRANE
MAINBOARD
RELAY BOARD WITH CABLE
5A QUICK ACTING F5AL250V FUSE
INTERFACE BOARD WITH CABLE
LCD WITH CABLE
SMPS
ESCO AIRFLOW SENSOR
CBB 60 CAPACITOR, 400V, 6MF FOR BLOWER
220-240 VAC
EQR/EL-TUB-3F30W
FLUORESCENT TUBE 3FT
EQR/EL-TUB-UV3F30W UV GERMICIDAL TUBE 3FT 30W
CIRCUIT BREAKER , 3AMPS, WITH KNURL NUT
EQR/EL-CB-3A
4
1
7. MAGNETIC SWITCH
EQR/EL-MC-BS2011
3
8. MAGNET
EQR/EL-MC-MAGNET MAGNET STRIP
6. CIRCUIT BREAKER
MAGNETIC SWITCH
1
1
3
* Item is included on complete main replacement electrical panel. However it may be replaced individually if required.
(exception: membrane (2.1) and LCD (2.5) must be ordered together)
Replacement Parts List
89
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E-MAIL biotech@escoglobal.com WEBSITE www.escoglobal.com
PARTS LIST FOR AC2-6A2 (6 FEET, 110-130V, 60HZ)
Item
Item Code
No. Per
Cabinet
Description
MECHANICAL REPLACEMENT PARTS
EQR/SP-FTR11
1. FILTER
2. BLOWER
EQR/SP-FTR07
EQR/EL-BL-R4355AF
EQR/GL-20
3. TEMPERED GLASS
EQR/GL-05
457X1829x66mm (6'X1.5'X66MM) Eff: >99.99%
dP: 125Pa @ 0.45m/s
457X914x66mm (3'X1.5'X66MM) Eff: >99.99%
dP: 125Pa @ 0.45m/s
BLOWER CENTRIFUGAL R4E 355-AF 20MF
110-130VAC, 60HZ
TEMPERED GLASS 498 x 635 x 5MM 3 HOLES
DIA 19MM
TEMPERED GLASS 1895 x 650 x 6MM 6 HOLES
DIA 6MM
1
1
2
2
1
ELECTRICAL REPLACEMENT PARTS
1. ELECTRIC MODULE
1.1. SPEED CONTROL*
1.2. BALLAST*
1.3. UV BALLAST*
1.4. RELAY*
EP-D
COMPLETE ELECTRICAL PANEL 110-130VAC
EP-D WITH SPEED CONTROL
EQR/EL-KB-KBWC-15 SPEED CONTROLLER 15K5AMPS
1
EQR/EL-BAL-TP4/32IS ELECTRONIC BALLAST
1
EQR/EL-BAL-EBU120
EQR/EL-REL-JQX30A
1.5 CONTROL*
UV BALLAST
1
RELAY 20A, 120V
1
SENTINEL CONTROL “C” SERIES
1
2. AIRFLOW ALARM AND CONTROL SYSTEM
2.1. MEMBRANE*
EQR/EL-MC06
2.2. MAINBOARD*
EQR/EL-MC01
2.3 RELAY BOARD*
EQR/EL-MC02
2.3.1 FUSE
2.4 INTERFACE BOARD*
EQR/EL-MC03
2.5 LCD*
EQR/EL-MC04
2.6 SMPS*
EQR/EL-MC05
2.7. AIRFLOW SENSOR*
EQR/EL-SA
3. CAPACITOR*
4. FLUORESCENT TUBE
5. UV TUBE
MEMBRANE
MAINBOARD
RELAY BOARD WITH CABLE
5A QUICK ACTING F5AL250V FUSE
INTERFACE BOARD WITH CABLE
LCD WITH CABLE
SMPS
ESCO AIRFLOW SENSOR
CBB 60 CAPACITOR, 400V, 20MF FOR BLOWER
EQR/EL-CCAP-20MF
110-130 VAC
EQR/EL-TUB-3F30W
FLUORESCENT TUBE 3FT
EQR/EL-TUB-UV3F30W UV GERMICIDAL TUBE 3FT 30W
EQR/EL-CB-6A
CIRCUIT BREAKER 6AMPS, WITH KNURL NUT
7. MAGNETIC SWITCH
EQR/EL-MC-BS2011
MAGNETIC SWITCH
8. MAGNET
EQR/EL-MC-MAGNET MAGNET STRIP
6. CIRCUIT BREAKER
1
1
1
1
5
1
1
1
1
1
4
1
1
3
3
* Item is included on complete main replacement electrical panel. However it may be replaced individually if required.
(exception: membrane (2.1) and LCD (2.5) must be ordered together)
Replacement Parts List
90
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APPENDIX A
BIOSAFETY LEVELS CLASSIFICATION
Biosafety Level 1
Practices, safety equipment and facilities appropriate for work with defined and characterized strains of viable micro
organisms not known to cause disease in healthy adult humans. The laboratory is not necessarily separated from
the general traffic patterns in the building. Work is generally con-ducted on open bench tops using standard
microbiological practices. Special containment equipment or facility design is neither required nor generally used.
Laboratory personnel have specific training in the procedures conducted in the laboratory and are supervised by a
scientist with general training in microbiology or a related science. A biohazard safety cabinet is generally not
required for work involving these agents.
Biosafety Level 2
Practices, safety equipment and facilities appropriate for work done with a broad spectrum of indigenous moderaterisk agents present in the community and associated with human disease in varying severity. It differs from
biosafety level 1 in that (a) laboratory personnel have specific training in handling pathogenic agents and are
directed by competent scientists; (b) access to the laboratory is limited when work is being conducted; (c) extreme
precautions are taken with contaminated sharp items; and (d) certain procedures in which infectious aerosols or
splashes may be created are conducted in biological safety cabinets or other physical containment equipment. A
Class I or Class II biohazard safety cabinet is highly recommended for work involving these agents.
Biosafety Level 3
Practices, safety equipment and facilities appropriate for work done with indigenous or exotic agents with a
potential for respiratory transmission which may cause serious and potentially lethal infection.
More emphasis is placed on primary and secondary barriers to protect personnel in the contiguous area, the
community, and the environment from exposure to potentially infectious aero-sols. A Class I or Class II biohazard
safety cabinet is required for work involving these agents.
Biosafety Level 4
Practices, safety equipment and facilities appropriate for work done with dangerous and exotic
agents which pose a high risk of life threatening disease. May be transmitted via the aerosol route, and for which
there is no available vaccine or therapy. Members of the laboratory staff have specific and thorough training in
handling extremely hazardous infectious agents and they understand the primary and secondary containment
functions of the standard and special practices, the containment equipment, and the laboratory design
characteristics. They are supervised by competent scientists who are trained and experienced in working with
these agents. Access to the laboratory is strictly controlled by the laboratory director. The facility is either in a
separate building or in a controlled area within a building, which is completely isolated from all other areas of the
building. A specific facility operations manual is prepared or adopted. A Class III biohazard safety cabinet is
required for work involving these agents.
Appendix A – Biosafety Levels Classification 91
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APPENDIX B
INTRODUCTION TO BIOHAZARD SAFETY CABINET
The biohazard safety cabinet (also known as biological safety cabinet or microbiological safety cabinet) plays a
significant role in many pharmaceutical, clinical, microbiological and industrial laboratories. Its basic function is to
protect the operator and the environment from biological hazards that would otherwise pose a threat to human life
during microbiological work.
At Esco, we encourage all our customers and non-customers alike to learn more about the function and operating
principles of the biohazard safety cabinets available in the market today.
We believe that this process will aid our customers in choosing the best cabinet to meet their specific real-world
needs, in order to facilitate an increased level of safety in the laboratory for the betterment of science and industry.
Major International Standards
International standards play an important role in harmonization and ensuring that cabinets meet established
industry guidelines for safety and performance. Consequently, it is important for all users of safety cabinets to
understand the scope and application of these standards which may often be referred to. The following are some of
the more common major international standards:
NSF Standard 49
The National Sanitation Foundation (NSF) International is a not-for-profit organization based in Ann Arbor,
Michigan. Standard 49 has been widely adopted not only in the United States but also around the world. The NSF
49 only applies to Class II biological safety cabinets.
EN 12469:2000
The European standard 12469 is the latest international standard developed as a direct consequence of the
European Union’s harmonization efforts. It replaces previous standards such as the German standard DIN 12950,
the British standard BS 5726 and the French standard NF X44-201. The EN 12469:2000 has been adopted
officially as a national standard in all member nations of the EU. It applies to Class I, Class II and Class III
cabinetry.
Australian Standard AS 2252
The AS 2252 is the Australian standard for biohazard safety cabinetry. It has also largely been adopted as a
national standard in nearby New Zealand. It applies to both Class I and Class II cabinetry with a focus on cabinet
construction, design and performance. Australian standard cabinets incorporate twin blowers and are largely
different from European and American “type” models.
US Federal Standard 209E
The Fed Std 209E is the most prominent of a group of international standards that define clean air classifications.
Other similar standards include the BS 5295 and the 1386. It is important to note that these standards do not apply
Appendix B – Introduction to Biohazard Safety Cabinet
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specifically to biohazard safety cabinetry. As a biohazard safety cabinet also provides product protection in the form
of a laminar stream of clean air within the work chamber, these standards may sometimes be referred to.
Biohazard Safety Cabinet Classes
Esco manufactures a complete range of biohazard safety cabinetry to meet the varying demands of your unique
applications. All cabinets are have been designed to meet and exceed major inter-national standards for safety
cabinetry.
Fortunately for all laboratory users, most manufacturers of biohazard safety cabinets market products in designs
that have largely become harmonized across the industry. These are some common cabinet classifications that you
may encounter:
Class I Biohazard Safety Cabinet
The Class I cabinet has the most basic and rudimentary design of all biohazard safety cabinetry available today. A
stream of inward air moving into the cabinet contains aerosols generated during microbiological manipulations. It
then passes through a filtration system that traps all airborne particles and contaminants. Finally, clean,
decontaminated air is exhausted from the cabinet. The filtration system usually consists of a pre-filter and a HEPA
(high-efficiency particulate air) filter.
Although the Class I cabinet protects the operator and the environment from exposure to biohazards, it does not
prevent samples being handled in the cabinet from coming into contact with airborne contaminants that may be
present in room air. Naturally, there is a possibility of cross-contamination that may affect experimental
consistency. Consequently the scope and application of Class I cabinets is limited and it is largely considered
obsolete.
All Class I biohazard safety cabinets are suitable for work with microbiological agents assigned to biological safety
levels 1, 2 and 3.
Class II Biohazard Safety Cabinet
When most people refer to biohazard safety cabinets in general, they are usually referring to Class II safety
cabinets. The different types of Class II cabinet available today are largely defined by the NSF Standard 49. In
comparison, the EN 12469:2000 and the AS 2252 do not define Class II safety cabinet sub-types. It is important to
note that the NSF 49 deals only with Class II biohazard safety cabinetry and it does not apply to the Class I and
Class III cabinets.
Like Class I safety cabinets, Class II cabinets have a stream of inward air moving into the cabinet. This is known as
the inflow and it contains aerosols generated during microbiological manipulations. However, unlike Class I
cabinets, the inflow on Class II cabinets are taken in through air grilles towards the front of the work surface nearest
the operator. None of the unfiltered inflow air infiltrates the actual working zone of the cabinet and therefore
contamination of product samples is not a concern. A feature unique to Class II cabinets is a vertical laminar
(unidirectional) HEPA-filtered air stream that descends downward from the interior of the cabinet. This continuously
flushes the cabinet interior of airborne contaminants and protects samples being handled within the cabinet from
contamination and is known as the downflow.
Appendix B – Introduction to Biohazard Safety Cabinet
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Nearer to the level of the work surface, the downflow splits with some air entering grilles towards the back of the
cabinet, with the remainder taken in through grilles across the horizontal work surface of the cabinet nearest the
operator. All Class II cabinets have a common air plenum from which a portion of air is exhausted from the cabinet
after HEPA-filtration. The remainder is is HEPA filtered and re-circulated within the cabinet as the downflow.
The differences between the various Class II cabinets available lie primarily with the percentage of air exhausted to
that of air re-circulated from the common air plenum.
In addition, different Class II cabinets have different means of cabinet exhaust. Some cabinets may exhaust air
directly back to the laboratory, while others may exhaust air through a dedicated ductwork system to the external
environment.
Despite these differences, all Class II cabinets, like Class I cabinets, protect both the operator and environment
from exposure to biohazards. In addition, Class II cabinets also protect product samples from contamination during
microbiological manipulations within the cabinet interior and are all suitable for work with agents assigned to
biological safety levels 1, 2 and 3.
Class II Type A Biohazard Safety Cabinet
The Class II Type A biohazard safety cabinet is the most common Class II cabinet. It is also the most common
safety cabinet of all the different types available. It has a common plenum from which 30% of air is exhausted, and
70% re-circulated to the work area as the downflow.
Type A cabinets exhaust air directly back to the laboratory, and they may contain positive pressure contaminated
plenums. When toxic chemicals must be employed as an adjunct to microbiological processes, these cabinets
should not be used. Exhaust HEPA filtration only removes airborne aerosols including biohazards, and not
chemical fumes.
In accordance with NSF Standard 49 requirements, all Type A cabinets must maintain an average inflow air
velocity of more than 75 fpm (0.38 m/s).
Note: The “Class II Type A” cabinet discussed above is based on the NSF 49 classification for Class II safety
cabinetry. European and Australian standards describe only a general “Class II” cabinet. For example, although
most cabinet manufacturers in Europe refer to a “Class II” cabinet, their cabinets incorporate airflow recirculation
and exhaust ratios similar to Class II Type A cabinets.
Class II Type B Biohazard Safety Cabinets
There are two main differences between Type A and Type B cabinets. Firstly, contaminated air plenums on Type B
cabinets must be under negative pressure relative to the ambient environment; alternatively, positive pressure
contaminated air plenums must be surrounded by negative pres-sure air plenums. Type B cabinets must also
exhaust air directly to the external environment via a dedicated ductwork system. Consequently, they are suitable
for microbiological manipulations involving the use of toxic chemicals.
These fumes are not removed by the HEPA filter and would otherwise increase in concentration in the limited
space of the laboratory (as in the case of the Type A cabinet). By exhausting air to the external environment,
Appendix B – Introduction to Biohazard Safety Cabinet
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chemical fumes are diluted many times over in the atmosphere and become harmless. This is similar to the working
principle of a laboratory fume hood.
On all Type B cabinets, environmental protection may be enhanced by installing a scrubbing system between the
exhaust of the biohazard and the final exhaust point outside the building to neutralize the chemical fumes present
in exhaust air.
As per the NSF 49 standard, all Type B cabinets must maintain an average inflow air velocity of more than 100 fpm
(0.5 m/s).
An ordinary fume hood does not contain HEPA filters to remove biohazard contaminants in the exhaust. Therefore
all work involving biohazards should be performed in a biohazard safety cabinet, and not a fume hood, in order to
prevent biohazards from contaminating the environment. General laboratory work involving chemicals normally
performed in a laboratory fume hood should not be performed in a biohazard safety cabinet.
It nevertheless possible to achieve protection from chemicals even on a Type A cabinet; optional activated carbon
filters can be fitted to supplement the cabinet’s built-in HEPA filters to prevent these chemicals from being
exhausted back to your laboratory and re-circulated within the cabinet as the downflow.
This is done in some cases when users do not want to incur the cost of having to install a dedicated ducting
system. However, for safety reasons, Esco encourages you to ensure that the activated carbon filters are suitable
and effective in the filtration of chemicals you may be using within the cabinet. In cases when especially toxic
chemicals are involved, a standard Type B cabinet is strongly recommended.
Although Type B cabinets are commonly used when chemicals are involved in your work processes, they
theoretically provide an increased level of safety as compared to other Type A cabinets. By exhausting air directly
to the external environment, they provide an additional “fail-safe” in the event that the regular exhaust HEPAfiltration ceases to function.
Harmful biohazards that would otherwise have a theoretical possibility of gathering within the limited space of the
laboratory (assuming the exhaust HEPA filter fails to maintain containment) are diluted many times over in the
external environment.
However, this perceived benefit must be weighed against the additional cost involving in setting up and installing a
dedicated ducting system, which can be difficult considering the regulatory requirements in many countries.
The following recommendations for all Class II Type B safety cabinets should also be observed.Blowers on
laboratory exhaust systems should be located at the terminal end of the ductwork.They should be properly
balanced to deliver correct airflow without the cabinet. When feasible, exhaust blowers should also be connected to
the emergency power supply.
As a failure in the exhaust blower may not be apparent to the user, Class II Type B cabinets must employ
interlocking to ensure that if the exhaust blower fails, the main blower in the cabinet is shut down automatically and
without delay. This is to prevent a situation in which the main blower pressurizes the cabinet interior and causes
biohazards to escape without filtration into the general laboratory environment.
Appendix B – Introduction to Biohazard Safety Cabinet
95
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Note: The European (EN 12469:2000) and Australian (AS 2252) standards do not define specific Class II Type B
cabinets. For example, in Europe, a Class II Type B cabinet may be referred to simply as a ducted Class II safety
cabinet.
As per the NSF 49 standard, Type B cabinets are further divided into the following sub-types.
Class II Type B1 Biohazard Safety Cabinet
The Class II Type B1 biohazard safety cabinet was originally specified by the American National Cancer Institute. It
has a common plenum from which 70% of air is exhausted, and 30% re-circulated to the work area as the
downflow. Type B1 cabinets also have a dedicated exhaust feature that eliminates re-circulation when work is
performed towards the back within the interior of the cabinet. Toxic chemicals employed as an adjunct to
microbiological processes should only be employed if they do not interfere with work when re-circulated in the
downflow.
Alternatively, work should be performed in the “directly exhausted” portion towards to back of the cabinet interior
with tracer quantities of such chemicals.
Type B1 cabinets have been largely replaced by the relatively recent Type B2 cabinets. Consequently, they are
largely considered obsolete. However Type B1 cabinets exhaust less tempered air from the laboratory and are
cheaper to operate as compared to Type B2 cabinets.
Class II Type B2 Biohazard Safety Cabinet
In the Class II Type B2 cabinet all inflow and downflow air is exhausted after HEPA filtration to the external
environment without recirculation within the cabinet.
Type B2 cabinets are suitable for work with toxic chemicals employed as an adjunct to microbiological processes
under all circumstances since no re-circulation occurs. In theory, Type B2 cabinets may be considered to be the
safest of all Class II biohazard safety cabinets since the total exhaust feature acts as a fail-safe in the event that the
downflow and/or exhaust HEPA filtration systems cease to function normally.
Although such theoretical benefits may be minimal in practice, Class II Type B2 cabinets may be recommended for
applications such as toxicology and cytotoxic drug preparation when an increased level of safety is desired. Of
course, this assumes that the cost of a Class III biohazard safety cabinet rules it out as an option.
Class II Type B3 Biohazard Safety Cabinet
The Class II Type B3 biohazard safety cabinet has a common plenum from which 30% of air is exhausted, and
70% re-circulated to the work area as the downflow.
They are similar in this respect to Type A cabinets and many manufacturers in fact offer a combination Class II
Type A/B3 cabinet. In addition, they provide an increased level of safety over Type A cabinets due to the fact that
all exhaust air is ducted to the external environment instead of being exhausted into the laboratory environment.
This provides an additional “fail-safe” mechanism in case exhaust HEPA filtration fails to maintain containment.
It must be noted, however, that these combination cabinets are designed to function specifically as Class II Type A
cabinets when initially delivered. They require refitting onsite with an additional exhaust collar and remote blower to
Appendix B – Introduction to Biohazard Safety Cabinet
96
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function as Class II Type B3 cabinets. Like all Type B3 safety cabinets, combination Class II Type A/B3 cabinets
must also have contaminated plenums under negative pressure.
Type B3 cabinets may be used with toxic chemicals employed as an adjunct to microbiological processes, provided
that these chemicals do not interfere with work when re-circulated in the downflow.
Class III Biohazard Safety Cabinet
The Class III biohazard safety cabinet provides an absolute level of safety, which cannot be at-tained with Class I
and Class II cabinets. All Class III cabinets are usually of welded metal construction and are designed to be gastight. Work is performed through glove ports in the front of the cabinet.
During routine operation, negative pressure relative to the ambient environment is maintained within the cabinet.
This provides an additional fail-safe mechanism in case physical containment is compromised.
On all Class III cabinets, a supply of HEPA filtered air provides product protection and prevents crosscontamination of samples. Exhaust air is usually HEPA filtered and incinerated. Alternatively, double HEPAfiltration with two filters in series may be utilized.
Materials are usually transferred into the cabinet using a pass-through unit installed at the side of the work area.
Class III cabinets usually exhaust air back to the laboratory; however, air may also be exhausted via a dedicated
ductwork system to the external environment.
When a dedicated ductwork system is employed, they are also suitable for work employing toxic chemicals as an
adjunct to microbiological processes.
All Class III biohazard safety cabinets are suitable for work with microbiological agents assigned to biological safety
levels 1, 2, 3 and 4. They are frequently specified for work involving the most lethal biological hazards.
Appendix B – Introduction to Biohazard Safety Cabinet
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APPENDIX C
KI-DISCUS TEST
SECTION A: INTRODUCTION, AND OPERATOR PROTECTION FACTORS
The KI discus test is defined in the European Standard for microbiological safety cabinets, EN12469:2000 as a test
method for validating the operator protection capabilities of the cabinet.
Before we go into detail about the KI discus test, let us first examine the different factors that influence the operator
protection capabilities of any microbiological safety cabinet:
1. Directional air flow - in any Class I or Class II safety cabinet an air curtain flowing from the laboratory into the
front of the cabinet always exists in order to prevent biological hazards from escaping from inside the work zone of
the cabinet where these hazards may be manipulated.
The performance test related to this aspect is the air flow smoke pattern test, during which the manufacturer
ensures that air is flowing inward (into the cabinet from the laboratory) at all positions in the work access opening
without any reflux or backflow. This test is a qualitative test.
2. Controlled air velocity - in any Class I or Class II safety cabinet the velocity of the air curtain flowing from the
laboratory into the front of the cabinet (the "inflow") must be of a controlled magnitude. Excessive inflow velocity
can result in undesirable turbulence that can cause contaminated matter to be "swept" out of the cabinet work zone
(through the open front of the cabinet). On the other hand, an inflow velocity which is too low will not be able to
sufficiently prevent particles from escaping the interior of the cabinet (i.e. the particles could escape the interior of
the cabinet easily with very low "escape velocity").
Each safety cabinet operates within a performance envelope that is determined by the manufacturer by extensive
testing. The inflow velocity of the cabinet must fall within this performance envelope (velocity range) in order for the
cabinet to deliver optimum protection for the operator.
The physical performance test related to this aspect is the inflow velocity measurement test during which the inflow
velocity is measured and reported quantitatively (typically in meters per second or feet per minute).
3. Exhaust filtration - clearly since there is an air curtain entering the front of the safety cabinet, by conservation,
some air must also exit the system. In all safety cabinets this exhaust airflow is filtered through high efficiency
HEPA / ULPA filters. These filters collect practically all particulate matter in the exhaust air stream on the filter
media, therefore preventing any biological hazards from escaping into the laboratory.
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The performance test related to this aspect is the exhaust HEPA filter leak test. During this test the filtration system
is "challenged" by a test aerosol (the test aerosol is generated using an aerosol generator placed in the air stream
before the exhaust filter). The concentration of test aerosol before the filter, and after the filter, is measured and
compared (this involves "scanning" the entire exhaust face of the filter at a very slow rate passing the probe above
the filter face). The percentage of aerosol that passes through the filter in other words the penetration is then
reported.
The above 3 factors work together in tandem. When one or more factors are compromised the entire safety
performance of the cabinet is also degraded. For example a cabinet may have perfect exhaust filtration, but if the
directional air flow of the cabinet is compromised and there is turbulence, biological hazards may very well be
leaking out from the interior of the cabinet through the work access opening.
SECTION B: THE 4TH TEST, OR MICROBIOLOGICAL OPERATOR PROTECTION TEST
Since the 1970s when the first major international standards for biological safety cabinets, such as the NSF49
(USA), were published, the industry also adopted a final / additional test method to validate the operator protection
of the cabinet. This test method is known as the microbiological method for validating operator protection, or
sometimes simply the "operator protection" test. This 4th test method supplements the above 3 methods in the
following ways:
1. The microbiological operator protection test uses actual microbes. Since a safety cabinet is built for manipulating
microbes, this provides a very realistic test taking into account other factors which cannot be measured using test
methods 1 - 3 above.
2. Assuming the exhaust filters are leak free, the microbiological test measures, to a large extent, the leakage of
microbes escaping the interior of the work zone through the work access opening of the cabinet. Since every Class
I / Class II has an open front, there is bound to be some "leakage" of microbes during operation through this route.
No test except the microbiological operator protection test measures this aspect. (The air flow smoke pattern test,
on the other hand, is purely qualitatively whereas the microbiological operator protection test is quantitative).
3. The microbiological operator protection test supplements and complements the other 3 methods and is the most
complex and demanding test. Since it provides a quantitative indication of the operator protection level of the
cabinet, it can also be used by the manufacturer as a type-test to determine the optimal inflow air velocity of the
cabinet design.
The microbiological operator protection test method involves the generation of a bacterial aerosol (containing
millions of miniscule particles of bacteria) INSIDE the work zone of the cabinet, while air samplers are operated
outside the cabinet. The positions of the nebuliser (the device generating the bacterial aerosol) as well as the air
samplers, in addition to the duration of the test are defined strictly in the standards.
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The downside of the microbiological operator protection test method is that results take days to obtain and
preparation for the test is extremely complex requiring highly trained personnel and special equipment.
Consequently it is impractical for use a field-test for a cabinet installed in a laboratory in the real world.
SECTION C: THE KI DISCUS TEST
As an alternative to the microbiological operator protection test method the European Standard EN12469:2000
recognizes the KI discus test. Unlike the microbiological operator protection test, the KI discus test is rapid (results
can be obtained within 15 minutes of beginning the actual test) and portable - therefore making it extremely useful
as a field-test.
The principle of the KI discus test is similar to that of the microbiological operator protection tests. In the KI discus
test a "spinning disc" apparatus aerosolizes KI (potassium iodide) solution into very small fine particles. The
spinning disc rotates at a very high speed (thousands of rpm) and liquid is continuously deposited onto its surface
by a peristaltic pump, discharging millions of fine particles inside the work zone of the cabinet.
At the same time, a metal cylinder is introduced into the cabinet, simulating the airflow disturbance caused by an
arm of the operator, while air samplers are collecting air from outside the cabinet. Again, the duration of the test as
well as the positioning of the apparatus are strictly defined in the standard.
The air samplers draw air through special filter paper, which, at the end of the test, is immersed in palladium
chloride solution. Any potassium iodide particles which escaped through the front of the cabinet during the test
show up on the filter paper as small brown dots, which are then examined and counted using a magnifying glass.
The KI discus test shows excellent correlation with the microbiological test method for operator protection. In
addition to being a more rapid substitute test method for the microbiological operator protection test in the research
laboratory, the KI discus test is also extremely useful for validating the actual containment performance in-situ of
the biological safety cabinet, a point which is examined in the next section.
SECTION D: THE NEED FOR IN-SITE KI DISCUS TESTING
What many users sometimes do not realize is that the performance of the safety cabinet depends greatly on the
nature of the installation as well as proper positioning of the cabinet in the laboratory. For example, the inflow air
velocity from the laboratory into the cabinet is often of a very low magnitude (around 0.5m/s for example) and this
can easily be disrupted by airflow turbulence in the room, for example, an air-conditioning outlet / diffuser.
A safety cabinet may meet all performance criteria in the manufacturer's laboratory after production, as well as in
the testing lab of the independent certification agency, but may very well fail to deliver adequate protection on-site
when it is actually installed. (It is important to understand that testing conditions in the manufacturer's laboratory as
well as the laboratory of the certification agency are ideal test conditions which sometimes do not correlate with
real-world conditions).
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As we have covered above, the KI discus test (like the microbiological test for operator protection) is a containment
tests. A safety cabinet can also pass all the other 3 performance tests (air flow smoke pattern, inflow velocity, and
filter integrity) but fail the containment test.
This simple fact, when combined with variables caused by real-world conditions (installation and positioning of the
cabinet) create a dangerous combination - the user may feel completely safe if the cabinet has been certified by a
local certification company for air flow smoke pattern, filter integrity and inflow velocity etc. (these are very basic /
common tests), but he or she may still not be adequately protected because of other factors, such as external
airflow disturbances.
The only way to be sure there are no external airflow disturbances is to conduct an on-site containment testing
(note, other containment tests for related containment equipment such as the ASHRAE 110 test for fume hoods DO
NOT show a correlation with the microbiological test method and are hence unacceptable, in fact the KI discus test
is steadily gaining industry acceptance as a more sensitive test compared to the conventional SF6 tracer gas test
for fume hoods) individually, for every safety cabinet installed.
Clearly then with the microbiological test method an impracticality, the only alternative is the KI discus test.
The KI discus test not only serves as "confirmation" that the first 3 basic tests (airflow smoke patterns, inflow
velocity, filter integrity) have been properly performed, but also validates containment of the cabinet (which the 3
tests do not validate directly and / or quantitatively) AND takes into account possible ambient airflow disturbances,
to deliver an overall performance "grade" in terms of operator protection, of the cabinet.
SECTION E: KI DISCUS SERVICES
Despite the rapidity of the test method, the KI discus test requires considerable investments in personnel and
equipment. Esco is proud to be the only company in Southeast Asia equipped to perform this test, under Esco
Biotech Certification (our service division) for customers of our microbiological safety cabinets.
In fact, feedback from many local Singaporean customers indicates that our ability to perform the KI discus test (in
addition of course to the high quality of our products as well as independent certification) is often a key factor in
their decision to choose only Esco biological safety cabinets.
The effects of exposure to biological hazards are often insidious and symptoms may not manifest
themselves for years. Thus for your safety and protection, remember to ensure that your cabinet is KI
discus tested at least once a year (or in the event of cabinet relocation, filter changing, or other mechanical
/ electrical service).
Appendix C – KI-Discus Test 101
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APPENDIX D
UV LAMPS IN LAMINAR FLOW AND BIOLOGICAL SAFETY CABINET
Introduction
Ultraviolet light is part of the electromagnetic (EM) spectrum, and is divided into 3 wavelength ranges: UV-C, from
100 nanometers (nm) to 280 nm; UV-B, from 280 nm to 315 nm; and UV-A, from 315 nm to 400 nm.
The germicidal ultraviolet lamp emits high intensity ultraviolet radiation concentrated around the wavelength of
253.7nm (i.e. "UV-C radiation"). 95% of the radiation emitted by germicidal lamps is at this wavelength which also
happens to be in the region of maximum germicidal effectiveness.
Before laminar flow cabinets were developed in the 1960s and 1970s, biologists in the laboratory used dead air
boxes constructed of plastics with nothing more than an UV lamp in them to keep the interior of the box sterile. The
UV lamp would be turned on to decontaminate the interior of the box, switched off, leaving the box ready for use. Of
course we have come a long way since then - the dead air box system was rudimentary and without any positive
pressure airflow (from inside the box to the outside) contaminated room air could easily have been induced into the
box again.
Naturally as the use of laminar flow cabinets become increasingly popular UV lamps were also incorporated on these
new clean air devices for their germicidal properties. Typically in a laminar flow or biological safety cabinet the UV
lamp is activated while the cabinet is not in use to keep the interior of the work zone clean and decontaminated (for
example throughout the night until the user returns the next day to use the cabinet again). Modern cabinets have
also improved on this feature and some have UV timers to allow the user to control the decontamination cycle (for
example to turn the lamp on for a few hours, then shut it down, instead of leaving it on the entire night) in order to
conserve lamp life (these lamps have a rated lifespan after which effectiveness rapidly deteriorates).
However, in the late 1970s and 1980s as the use of laminar flow and biological safety cabinets became increasingly
prevalent; manufacturers became increasingly aware of the detrimental effects of the UV lamp when used on these
cabinets. It is the purpose of this technical paper to discuss the negative effects of using UV lamps in modern
laminar flow and biological safety
cabinets, in the hope that this will educate users, purchasers, and anyone involved in laminar flow or biological safety
cabinet technology, to ensure better safety all for laboratory users.
1. The use of the UV lamp in laminar flow and biological safety cabinets is explicitly discouraged in all major
international standards and recommendations. May we refer the reader to the following references:
a. NSF Standard 49 for Class II Biohazard Safety Cabinetry
"UV lighting is not recommended in Class II (laminar flow) biosafety cabinetry. If requested by the purchaser, it shall
be installed in such a manner that it does not reduce the required performance (of the cabinet) ... UV irradiation can
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cause erythema of skin and eye damage." (Section 5.25.2)
b. European Standard EN12469:2000 for Microbiological Safety Cabinets
"Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is not recommended for use in safety cabinets. However, if requested, it should be
installed in such a manner that it does not affect the airflow and containment performance of the cabinet." (Annex A
Section 2)
c. Australian Standard AS1386.5 for Clean Workstations (Laminar Flow Cabinets)
"It is recommended that the use of UV-lamps be avoided. The need for UV-lamps should first be established by the
user. Special safety precautions need to be in use for protection of personnel, products and materials. There is a
potential for misuse of UV-lamps with resulting injuries and deleterious effects of pharmaceutical products." (Section
5.12)
d. Australian Standard AS2252.1 for Class I Biological Safety Cabinets
"Installation of UV lamps is not recommended ..." (Section 4.7)
e. Australian Standard AS2252.2 for Class II Biological Safety Cabinets
"Installation of UV lamps is not recommended ..." (Section 4.7)
f. Australian Standard AS2567 for Laminar Flow Cytotoxic Drug Safety Cabinets
"Installation of UV lamps is not recommended ..." (Section 4.7)
g. American CDC Publication "Primary Containment for Biohazards: Selection, Installation and Use of Biological
Safety Cabinets"
"Ultraviolet (UV) lamps are not required in BSCs" (Page 26)
2. Personnel safety issues
a. Exposure to UV radiation can cause erythema of skin and eye damage.
b. In addition the cabinet needs to be properly equipped with UV-filtering materials (front / side covers) and proper
interlocking mechanism to prevent exposure, which increases the overall cost and complexity of the cabinet. When
one considers all this additional extra precautions need to be taken, plus the facts concerning the ineffectiveness of
the UV lamp (see below), clearly the reasons for not using the UV lamp are compelling.
c. Some UV lamps also contain mercury and breaking the lamp can result in undesirable exposure to this toxic
compound.
d. UV radiation is also reflected off some surfaces like stainless steel, which means additional safety precautions
need to be taken as well. A front cover / night door must always be utilized on a cabinet when UV is employed to
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prevent UV exposure of other personnel in the laboratory when the UV lamp is activated.
e. One of the problems in working with UV radiation is that the symptoms of overexposure are not immediately felt so
that persons exposed do not realize the hazard until after the damage is done.
f. Germicidal UV lamps produce ozone which can also be toxic in high concentrations.
3. Performance degradation of the cabinet
a. Ultraviolet radiation can potentially degrade materials in the cabinet such as certain plastics (when they may be
used) and sealant (such as RTV / silicone) used to ensure joints / seams are airtight. In the most extreme /
dangerous situation for biological safety cabinets, this could cause critical joints to degrade, in turn resulting in other
performance issues: loss of pressure tightness integrity (potentially allowing biological hazards to escape through
these seams), or allowing contamination to accumulate in these joints posing a cleanability / decontamination
problem.
While Esco ensures that all materials in our cabinets are resistant to ultraviolet radiation, this may not be the case for
other manufacturers. In addition, clearly by eliminating this extra performance
variable (i.e. not using an ultraviolet light) especially after considering the other detrimental effects of the UV lamp,
the long-term overall performance of the cabinet can be better ensured.
b. Airflow interference and turbulence. When UV lamps are installed as a permanent fixture in the work zone (which
is usually the case for reasons of convenience) they cause unnecessary airflow turbulence which can in turn disrupt
product and cross contamination protection. In other words the UV lamp causes turbulence which disrupts the
laminar / unidirectional nature of the air stream, which is critical to maintaining proper cabinet product / cross
contamination performance.
As detailed in many of the international standards above, the cabinet is tested with the UV lamp in place in order to
ensure that it does not degrade this performance aspect. Again, while Esco ensures this by conducting rigorous
testing in our in-house research laboratory, this may not always be the case for other manufacturers.
In conclusion, while it is reasonable to say that the UV lamp largely has no effect on the product protection and cross
contamination protection of the cabinet, it is also very reasonable to conclude that by eliminating this variable the
overall performance of the cabinet can be increased - especially when the other factors in this document as
considered as a whole.
4. Ineffectiveness of the UV lamp on modern laminar flow and biological safety cabinets
When considered in the modern perspective of laminar flow and biological safety cabinet technology, the ultraviolet
lamp on the whole in generally ineffective for the following reasons:
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a. The laminar flow or biological safety cabinet should be operated 24 hours a day (an economic possibility
especially when some of Esco's latest energy efficient models are used) to ensure complete sterility, eliminate
lengthy startup times, and keep the work zone ready to use at all times, prevent non-decontaminated biological
hazards from escaping the work zone from the interior in the case of safety cabinets. When this recommendation is
observed the ultraviolet lamp becomes irrelevant.
b. The ultraviolet lamp to a large extent has become largely a fallacy among users of laminar flow and biological
safety cabinets today. Again when one considers the way in which these lamps are used this easily becomes
apparent.
As mentioned above usually the operator will shut down the blower, install a front / night cover (when available), then
turn on the UV lamp. The work zone is then "decontaminated" (or so the user believes) overnight, and the next day
when he / she returns to the lab the UV lamp is turned off, and the lamps deactivated. Clearly since the front / night
cover is not totally air-tight during this interval the cabinet could already be contaminated before the user has a
chance to start the fans, thus rendering whatever "decontamination" that took place in the night useless.
In some extreme situations, UV lamps are used without front / night covers which not only pose a safety risk, but also
make the use of the lamp ridiculous. In other words the user turns the lamp on, exits the laboratory, returns the next
day and shuts the lamp down. Even during the "decontamination" at night of the cabinet by the lamp the user did not
realize that air in the room was already moving into the cabinet thus contaminating all exposed surfaces, thus
negating the use of the lamp.
c. Presence of surface contamination in the work zone
During the period when the blowers are shut down, the front / night covers installed, and the UV lamp activated,
clearly there is ample opportunity for contaminated room air to infiltrate and contaminate the work zone. UV lamps
are ineffective as long as any surface contamination (dust particles etc.) is present as UV has limited penetrating
power.
d. The lamp does not decontaminate all surfaces in the cabinet
On some cabinet designs, the placement and design of the lamp means that not all surfaces in the cabinet are
exposed to UV radiation. This is especially the case for biological safety cabinets where the lamp on all cabinet
designs does not decontaminate the critical contaminated air return plenum beneath the work surface.
In addition, occasionally some users (disregarding manufacturer recommendations) may store objects inside the
cabinet. When this is the case the UV lamp is totally ineffective for these shadowed areas.
e. The lamp must be cleaned regularly (to remove surface dust on the glass surface of the lamp) for maximum
effectiveness but this aspect is often ignored by users which therefore degrades the performance of the UV lamp.
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5. The UV lamp encourages bad working practice
The lamp encourages bad working practice by giving users a "false sense of security". While manufacturers like
Esco constantly emphasize that when the lamp is used it is ONLY an aid to surface decontamination, some users,
lulled into a sense of security, may disregard usual surface decontamination practices
In other words before using the cabinet they believe the work zone is clean and do not wipe down with for example
70% alcohol. After using the cabinet they also disregard the wipe down process which is especially important on
biological safety cabinets.
When one considers that the UV lamp, for the reasons stated above, is ineffective, this work habit (or the lack
thereof) and false sense of security that the UV lamp encourages in users, is detrimental to the performance of the
cabinet.
6. Lack of validation
a. UV lamps are not changed when they have to
As mentioned above, UV lamps have a specific life cycle and need to be changed after a certain number of hours to
maintain effectiveness (radiation intensity). Unfortunately not many service companies have the capability to check
the intensity of the UV lamp and consequently the user may persist in using a lamp which has already become
ineffective.
b. The effectiveness of the UV lamp cannot be validated
There does not exist a single convenient technique that is widely employed for validating the effectiveness of the UV
lamp after every decontamination cycle. The best option that exists is the use of a special decontamination paper
"strip" that changes appearance after exposure to sufficient radiation, but this is not employed by many cabinet
users.
c. Lack of consistency in validation technique
Even when the service company may check the intensity of the UV radiation, there exists a general lack of validation
technique in the industry. For example even the NSF49 does not have a performance test for validating this aspect
of the cabinet. Consequently validation technique often depends on the service company and is not reproducible
throughout the industry. Furthermore many service companies simply take one reading in the centre of the work
zone which clearly does not suffice given the fact that the user is expecting the UV lamp to be effective in
decontamination all work zone surfaces. But then clearly measuring the UV intensity at all work surface positions is
impracticality.
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APPENDIX E
EXHAUST DUCTED CLASS II TYPE A2 SAFETY CABINETS
Introduction
The Class II Type A2 safety cabinet is the most common Class II cabinet (and for that matter the most common
biological safety cabinet) design in use. Depending on local regulations, in some countries alternative cabinet
designs (such as Class I, Class II Type B2, or Class III etc.) may be used, but nevertheless the Class II Type A2
cabinet is still the most common and this statement in general holds true anywhere in the world.
Class II Type A2 cabinets are defined in the American National Standard NSF49. From a common plenum, these
cabinets re-circulate 70% of air in the cabinet as the HEPA-filtered downflow, while 30% is exhausted through
HEPA filters. In Europe however, a Class II Type A2 cabinet is simply known as a Class II cabinet. Note, the
European standard EN12469:2000 does not define a Type A2 cabinet, but the European standard Class II general
definition simply happens to correspond most closely with the American Type A2 definition.
For a further discussion of the different types and classifications of safety cabinets, please request for the separate
Esco Technical Paper on the subject.
WHY EXHAUST DUCTING IS REQUIRED
Class II Type A2 (or simply Class II as we shall refer to them in this paper) safety cabinets may be exhaust ducted
under the following circumstances:
1. When a higher degree of protection from biological hazards, beyond that provided by a standard room-exhaust
Class II cabinet, is required. Remotely exhausting a Class II cabinet means that in case of failure of the exhaust
HEPA filter the cabinet exhaust is still remotely discharged to the atmosphere rather than back into the laboratory
(a contained space in which hazards can quickly build up and cause harm to personnel).
In other words if the cabinet exhaust filter fails, operator protection is still maintained although environmental
protection is compromised (although it is arguable that when the biological hazards are discharged to the
atmosphere they are diluted many times over in the environment and become harmless).
It must be noted however that when additional protection is required alternative solutions also exist such as double
exhaust filters, and that remotely ducted a cabinet also has the potential to cause problems of its own, which are
discussed below in this paper.
2. More commonly, when protection is required from chemical vapours which may be generated inside the cabinet
(in some applications volatile chemicals must be used inside the safety cabinet as an adjunct to microbiological
work). These chemical vapours are not contained or filtered by the exhaust HEPA filter (remember that HEPA filters
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only remove aerosols or particulates). This is provided the chemical vapours do not interfere with work in the safety
cabinet when they are re-circulated in the downflow air, and that they are used in tracer (small) quantities. Note
when used in large quantities the fact that the Class II (Type A2) cabinet re-circulates a large portion of air
(approximately 70%) can result in a safety risk due to excessive vapour build up in the work zone.
For this application alternative solutions (apart from having the exhaust duct the cabinet as discussed in this
document) also exist such as exhaust carbon filtration. Carbon filters are able to remove chemical vapours by the
process of adsorption. However, they are not effective for all compounds. In addition, monitoring precautions must
be taken to detect filter saturation and change the filters at a suitable interval. Esco manufactures modified Class II
cabinets with carbon filters; please contact us for more information.
Alternatively, other measures may be recommended such as the use of Class II Type B2 cabinets. For more
information on this subject, please request for the Esco technical paper comparing the chemical handling properties
of Class II Type A2 and Class II Type B2 cabinets.
NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCES OF EXHAUST DUCTING
The decision to exhaust duct a Class II cabinet should not be taken lightly, and should be weighed against the
following considerations:
1. Proper installation of the exhaust system. When a Class II cabinet is remotely ducted it becomes totally
dependent on the exhaust system for safe operation. Any fault in the exhaust system causing a restriction in the
exhaust flow can decrease the inflow velocity of the cabinet therefore affecting cabinet safety.
It is reasonable to suggest that the safety of a cabinet when remotely exhausted is only as safe as its remote
exhaust installation - even the safest cabinet can become unsafe if the exhaust system is improperly installed.
Typical requirements for installing the exhaust system are reviewed below in the document.
Therefore in some situations it may very well be safer to forego the extra complexities inherent in remotely
exhausting the safety cabinet.
2. Additional cost. Remote ducting a Class II cabinet means that tempered air (air which is conditioned, heated /
cooled and filtered for the comfort of people working in the laboratory) will be removed from the laboratory resulting
in additional operating costs. Note that recently there has been increasing interest in using variable air volume
(VAV) systems in industry to minimize the amount of tempered air removed from the laboratory by ducted safety
cabinets. For example the VAV system could be configured to reduce the amount of exhaust air when there is no
one using the safety cabinet. Very importantly, it must be emphasized that for the hazards involved in safety
cabinets such VAV systems are not recommended.
When the need to remote duct the safety cabinet has been established, certain safety precautions in ensuring the
success of the exhaust system installation should be taken.
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METHODS OF EXHAUST DUCTING
Let us first review the various ways a safety cabinet may be remotely ducted, and then proceed to outline typical
site requirements for the ideal (safest) type of installation:
1. Using an air-tight (hard ducted) connection with remote exhaust fan. The safety cabinet is equipped (either
through on-site modification / retrofitting, or by the manufacturer from the factory) with a discharge outlet connected
in an air-tight manner to the cabinet exhaust. The discharge outlet (for example 10" in diameter) is then connected
to the exhaust system.
The method of installation was widely employed on older Class II cabinets should not be used for reasons of safety.
In this method the safety cabinet's internal air flows are influenced by the exhaust system, in other words the inflow
velocity of the cabinet is totally affected by the remote exhaust system. Consequently the exhaust system
parameters not only have to be carefully specified before the installation, but the exhaust system itself has to be
continuously adjusted once a year at least to ensure inflow velocity in the cabinet is within manufacturer specified
parameters.
For example, if one were to increase or decrease the "speed" of the exhaust fan, the internal air balance of the
cabinet would be affected. In the worse situation in case the exhaust fan were shut down completely the inflow
velocity in the cabinet would drop drastically thus affecting safety.
As per NSF49:2002, air-tight connections are prohibited for safety reasons on Class II Type A2 cabinets. All old
cabinets fitted with this type of exhaust system should also be field refitted / upgraded to a non-airtight exhaust
system.
The primary advantage of this method of exhaust connection is that is reduces the amount of tempered air taken
from the room by the exhaust system (on the other hand with the non airtight exhaust system some "auxiliary" air is
taken in from the room above the cabinet by the exhaust connection) thus lowering operating costs.
2. Using a non air-tight (thimble) connection with remote exhaust fan. This method is identical to hard ducting
above except that the exhaust connection on the safety cabinet has slots allowing air to be taken in from the room.
During normal operation with the remote exhaust system running all air flowing across the cabinet's exhaust HEPA
filters are taken through the exhaust connection with some extra makeup air taken in through the slots from the
laboratory. This is the modern method of exhaust ducting safety cabinets and is also the safest method for the
following reasons.
Firstly, using this method the safety cabinet's internal air flows are "allowed" to operate "independently" of the
exhaust system. Regardless of any fluctuation in the exhaust system the internal cabinet air balance ratios are
maintained.
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In case the remote exhaust fan is (for whatever reason) accidentally shut down, the safety cabinet is able to
maintain its inflow velocity by exhausting air back to the room. If the cabinet is being used with tracer amounts of
chemicals this compromises the operator's protection from chemical vapours. However, protection from biological
hazards is maintained. Arguably this is a better solution than in the case of the hard ducted cabinet where no
protection exists at all in case of failure of the exhaust system.
On the other hand in case the remote exhaust fan's "speed" is increased accidentally, a thimble-ducted cabinet's
internal air balance ratios will also not be affected (the amount of air intake through the slots of the thimble will
simply be increased). On the other hand with hard ducted cabinets the inflow velocity will increase and cause
possible product contamination (i.e. contaminated laboratory air will bypass the cabinet front air grille and flow into
the work zone).
3. In some cases when the duct run is short there have been instances in which the cabinet is directly connected to
the exhaust duct using a booster fan or in some cases no booster fan at all. These methods are used in cases
when it is impossible to mount an exhaust fan at the exhaust system discharge point (i.e. on top of the building).
In both these cases the internal cabinet air balance is adjusted either by adjusting exhaust fan setting, or when a
single fan cabinet is used adjusting the internal cabinet damper, to compensate for the increased airflow resistance
in the ductwork). It must be emphasized that these methods are to be severely discouraged for the following safety
reasons:
a. If no booster fan is used, then the exhaust ductwork has to have an airtight connection with the cabinet. This
result in all the safety problems of airtight exhaust connections (see point 1 above). In addition in this method the
exhaust duct is placed under positive pressure which means the exhaust ductwork has to be completely sealed and
airtight, otherwise chemical hazards could escape through seams in the exhaust duct back into the laboratory.
b. If a booster fan is used (i.e. the exhaust connection interface can be non-airtight / thimble type), the safety risks
present with airtight exhaust connections are mitigated. However, this method also places the exhaust ductwork
under positive pressure resulting in the safety problems discussed above.
On Esco Class II Type A2 cabinets, airtight connections (whether with a remote fan as in point 1 or direct
connection as in point 3A and 3B) are not encouraged for the safety reasons discussed above. For these same
safety reasons these types of exhaust connections are also not available in our standard product line. On special
request they made be custom built with the understanding on the part of the user that we are not responsible for
any resulting safety issues.
IDEAL SITE REQUIREMENTS FOR REMOTE EXHAUSTING CLASS II TYPE A2 CABINETS
1. Dedicated exhaust ductwork system, which discharges all exhaust air to the environment without any
recirculation back into the building air supply system.
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2. Thimble / non airtight cabinet exhaust connection with a gasketed front access removable cover so that the
exhaust filter can be scanned for leaks without having to disconnect the cabinet from the exhaust system. The
exhaust connection should also be designed so as to allow access for servicing the cabinet without causing
physical obstruction (i.e. damper adjustments / electrical maintenance). Lastly the connection should also be
designed to allow the exhaust port of the cabinet to be sealed off during decontamination (this can be
accomplished by sealing off the air gap slots themselves if the exhaust collar interface with the cabinet is air-tight,
and then closing the air-tight damper above the cabinet - or alternatively sealing off the cabinet exhaust outlet
itself).
3. Remote exhaust fan mounted at the discharge point (i.e. on the building rooftop) in order to place the duct under
negative pressure. The exhaust fan and ducting system must be correctly sized to provide for adequate exhaust
volume at the cabinet exhaust port (typically cabinet exhaust volume + 15% extra volume taken in through the air
gap connection + extra safety factor). Pressure losses in the duct run must be calculated properly and a safety
factor incorporated. The exhaust volume for each Esco Class II cabinet is detailed clearly in our literature as the
exhaust / inflow air volume.
Note: a Class II Type A2 cabinet's internal fan is able to exhaust air from inside the cabinet across the exhaust
HEPA / ULPA filter to the ambient space immediately above the filter (i.e. to the laboratory). However the internal
fan in the Class II Type A2 cabinet is not able to exhaust the air in a duct run of any length (even a short duct run,
without an external fan, will cause a decrease in the cabinet inflow). Since this is the though it should be noted the
remote exhaust fan DOES NOT need to have the capacity to "pull" air across the cabinet exhaust filter (this work is
"handled" by the internal cabinet fan) and that the external exhaust fan only needs to be sized to take into account
the pressure loss in the duct run, and to a certain extent, a minute amount of pressure loss taking in air through the
air gaps in the thimble / exhaust collar connection.
4. Means near the cabinet (i.e. exhaust damper or frequency inverter) to throttle / adjust the exhaust flow. This is
used by the cabinet certifier to adjust the slot / air gap intake velocity (additional air intake through the non airtight
exhaust connection on top of the cabinet) to a suitable value. For easy access it must be mounted near the cabinet
(i.e. damper above the cabinet).
5. If necessary, an airtight damper should be provided to allow sealing off the cabinet for decontamination. On the
other hand in certain situations it may be sufficient (depending on the design of the exhaust collar) to simply seal off
the cabinet exhaust port directly - thus an air-tight damper is not required.
6. A means to prevent backflow in the exhaust ducting for safety (in the most extreme situation backflow in the duct
could push air from inside the cabinet through the cabinet work access opening thus exposing the laboratory to
contamination inside the cabinet). This is most commonly accomplished using an anti blow-back or anti backflow
valve fabricated in plastic mounted on top of the cabinet, allowing visual verification from inside the laboratory of
proper exhaust operation.
Appendix E – Exhaust Ducted Class II Type A2 Safety Cabinets 111
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Special Note
1. Exhaust volumes (updated October 2002) for Airstream Class II cabinets
2ft cabinet, 216cmh (cubic meters per hour)
3ft cabinet, 324cmh
4ft cabinet, 432cmh
5ft cabinet, 540cmh
6ft cabinet, 648cmh
For remote exhaust fan air volume sizing, use above exhaust volume + 15% air gap air intake + extra safety factor
(20% is recommended). Then, use this air volume to calculate pressure loss in the ductwork (this part must be
handled by the distributor).
2. If your company does not have experience with exhaust ducting Class II Type A2 cabinets, attendance at an
Esco service training seminar is mandatory. In addition, you will need to have special instrumentation available (at
least a calibrated thermo anemometer) - which is something that is also covered during the training seminar. The
initial commissioning of Class II Type A2 cabinets consists of at least taking downflow / inflow velocity
measurements and additional tests (such as HEPA filter leak tests) are always recommended. Please contact us
for information on the next available seminar. Alternatively, you may also speak to us about special services (at
additional cost) such as on-site commissioning by an Esco engineer who can travel to your customer's site. See
our literature for more information regarding the on-site commissioning checks that need to be performed.
Appendix E – Exhaust Ducted Class II Type A2 Safety Cabinets 112
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APPENDIX F
REFERENCE MATERIALS
FILTRATION TECHNOLOGY
Introduction to Contamination Control and Cleanroom Technology .2000. Matt Ramstorp. Wiley-VCH. Weinheim.
Cleanroom Technology. Fundamentals of Design, Testing, and Operation. 2001. Whyte.W. Wiley, West Sussex,
England.
IEST-RP-CC001: HEPA and ULPA Filters.2002. Institute of Environmental Sciences and Technology, Illinois, USA.
IEST-RP-CC007: Testing ULPA Filters.2002. Institute of Environmental Sciences and Technology, Illinois, USA.
IEST-RP-CC021: Testing HEPA and ULPA Filter Media.2002. Institute of Environmental Sciences and Technology,
Illinois, USA.
IEST-RP-CC034: HEPA and ULPA Filter Leak Tests.2002. Institute of Environmental Sciences and Technology,
Illinois, USA.
BS EN 13091: Biotechnology. Performance Criteria for Filter Elements and Filtration Assemblies. 2000. British
Standards, UK.
CLEAN AIR TECHNOLOGY
ISO 14644: Cleanrooms and Controlled Environments.2000. International Organization for Standardization,
Switzerland.
IEST-G-CC1001: Counting Airborne Particles for Classification and Monitoring of Cleanrooms and Clean
Zones.1999. Institute of Environmental Sciences and Technology, Illinois, USA.
IEST-G-CC1002: Determination of the Concentration of Airborne Ultrafine Particles.1999. Institute of Environmental
Sciences and Technology, Illinois, USA.
IEST-G-CC1003: Measurement of Airborne Macro Particles.1999. Institute of Environmental Sciences and
Technology, Illinois, USA.
IEST-G-CC1004: Sequential Sampling Plan for Use in Classification of the Particulate Cleanliness of Air in
Cleanrooms and Clean Zones.1999. Institute of Environmental Sciences and Technology, Illinois, USA.
BIOLOGICAL SAFETY
BS EN 12741: Biotechnology. Laboratories for Research, Development, and Analysis. Guidance for Biotechnology
Laboratory Operations. 1999. British Standards, UK.
Appendix F – Reference Materials 113
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BS EN 12128: Biotechnology. Laboratories for Research, Development, and Analysis. Containment Levels of
Microbiology Laboratories, Areas of Risk, Localities, and Physical Safety Requirements. 1998. British Standards, UK.
Anthology of Biosafety I. Perspectives on Laboratory Design.1999. Richmond, J.Y., American Biological Safety
Association. Illinois, USA.
Anthology of Biosafety II. Facility Design Consideration.1999. Richmond, J.Y., American Biological Safety
Association. Illinois, USA.
Anthology of Biosafety III. Application of Principles.1999. Richmond, J.Y., American Biological Safety Association.
Illinois, USA.
SAFETY CABINETS
BS EN 12469: Biotechnology. Performance Criteria for Microbiological Safety Cabinet. 2000. British Standards, UK.
BS EN 12296: Biotechnology. Equipment. Guidance on Testing Procedures for Cleanability. 1998. British Standards,
UK.
BS EN 12297: Biotechnology. Equipment. Guidance on Testing Procedures for Sterilizability. 1998. British
Standards, UK.
BS EN 12298: Biotechnology. Equipment. Guidance on Testing Procedures for Leak Tightness. 1998. British
Standards, UK.
National Sanitation Foundation Standard Number 49 for Class II (Laminar Flow) Biohazard Cabinetry. 2002. National
Sanitation Foundation, Michigan, USA.
AS2252.2: Class II Biological Safety Cabinets. 1994. Australia.
AS2567: Cytotoxic Drug Safety Cabinets. 1994. Australia.
AS2639: Cytotoxic Drug Safety Cabinets. Installation and Use. 1994. Australia.
AS2647: Biological Safety Cabinets. Installation and Use. 1994. Australia.
JIS K3800: Class II Biological Safety Cabinets.2000. Japan.
SABS 0226: Installation, Post-Installation Tests and Maintenance of Microbiological Safety Cabinets. 2001. South
Africa.
Appendix F – Reference Materials 114
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WEBSITES
1. www.nsf.org
NSF International
2. www.escoglobal.com
Esco Micro Pte. Ltd.
3. http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/hpb/lcdc/biosafty/docs/index.html
Health Canada - Laboratory Biosafety Guidelines
4. http://www.cdc.gov/od/ohs/biosfty/bsc/bsc.htm
Centre for Disease Control – Primary Containment for Biohazards
5. http://www.cdc.gov/od/ohs/biosfty/bmbl4/bmbl4toc.htm
Centre for Disease Control – Office of Health and Safety – Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical
Laboratories
6. http://www.osha.gov
Occupational Safety and Health Administration, USA
7. http://www.absa.org
American Biological Safety Association
8. http://www.cetainternational.org and
http://www.cetainternational.org/links.htm
Controlled Environment Testing Association and Related Links
Appendix F – Reference Materials 115
Log Record
Installed By:
Date
:_____________________
Cabinet Model:______________
Company
:_____________________
Serial Number:______________
Responsible Person:_____________________
1. This log record should be used by the operator to record any new agents/bacteria/viruses that has been
introduced to the cabinet during its operation, problems encountered, etc.
2. Any decontamination procedure performed by either the user or the technician should be recorded down as well.
3. Please also record any major maintenance procedure performed by the technician, for example: filter changing,
recertification, uv lamp replacement, etc.
Date
Event
Operator
Signature
Manager
Signature
Date
Event
Operator
Signature
Manager
Signature
Date
Event
Operator
Signature
Manager
Signature
Date
Event
Operator
Signature
Manager
Signature
ESCO
®
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