Building New Cities
A Case Study---- Greater Noida
Lessons from NCR
1
National Capital Region
•
•
•
•
•
•
Conceived to disperse Delhi immigration
Ghaziabad, Faridabad----city extensions
Gurgaon/Manesar
Noida
Greater Noida ---- 1991
The main states---- Haryana, Uttar Pradesh
2
Two Models
• Haryana Model---- Broad Land Use Plan by
State: Private Developers develop land ----Segmented Approach
• Uttar Pradesh Model----- State Agency
acquires land. Prepares a development
Master Plan---- Integrated View
3
UP Cities
• Ghaziabad------ extension of old city
• Noida------ to relocate Delhi industries
• Greater Noida ------ founded in 1991-92
4
Greater Noida
•
Handful of new integrated cities
•
Greater Noida Industrial Development
Authority:- Responsible for
ƒ Planning, Development, O&M
ƒ Regulation
ƒ Investment Promotion
•
A One Stop Shop for the City
•
Industrial Area Development Act 1976
5
Proposed Urban Area
•
Phase-1 (up to 2001)
¾
¾
•
Phase-2 (up to 2011)
¾
¾
•
Population : 3.0 Lacs
Urbanisable Area : 5075 Ha
Population : 7.0 Lacs
Urbanisable Area : 12,000 Ha
Phase-3 (up to 2021)
¾
¾
Population : 12.0 Lacs
Urbanisable Area : 20,000 Ha
6
Challenges…
Planning and Infrastructure Design
•
•
•
•
How do we develop the City Infrastructure
How do we decide the quality and standard of
facilities
¾ Planning for Abundance : Change of Mind Set
Providing Housing and Water for all
How to make the city a pleasant place to live in
¾ Providing Clean, Healthy, and Green
Environment
¾ Harmony of Urban Form and Landscaping
¾ Life Style compatible lay-outs
7
Challenges…
Infrastructure development and its O&M
• How do we ensure development and
maintenance after city is populated ?
•
•
•
Management of Urban Services on
commercial principles
Providing for the controlled growth of
Informal sector
Employment opportunities And Population
Explosion : counter magnets, satellite
towns…
• Security of citizens
8
Challenges…
Governance Model
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Decentralisation and delegation of power
Inclusion of stakeholders
Shared Vision and Codified Systems
Simplified Regulations and Uniform
Enforcement
Manage Change: Acceptance of new vision
Champions--- within and without
Delegate, communicate, public ownership
Political cohesion and accountability
9
Challenges …
Funds
Persistent Cash-flow deficit as cities mature . . .
• Funding the Infrastructure Development and
maintenance of cities
¾ Revenue from tax collection goes to center
or states kitty
¾ Discretionary allocation of budget, at the
mercy of center or state who does not
control the problems that city is facing
¾ Nil or abysmally low revenue collection for
real municipal functions
10
`
URBAN SCENARIO
Positioning of Greater Noida
• High Quality of infrastructure
• Land of Plenty:- “Supply to Precede Demand”
• A Green Lung of the region, marked difference in
greenery and openness----a relief from the urban sprawl
of the rest of the NCR
• Landscaped/ Urban Design--Pleasant place to be and
live in
• Innovative Planning
VISION FOR THE CITY
• A MODERN, EFFICIENT CITY OF
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS
• AN ECO-FRIENDLY RELAXED
ENVIRONMENT:• GREEN, LANDSCAPED, FLOWERS, FOUNTAINS,
AESTHETICS.
• LAND OF PLENTY: SUPPLY TO PRECEDE
DEMAND
VISION FOR THE CITY
• HOLISTIC PLANNING TO COVER ALL
URBANISATION ISSUES.
•
PARTICIPATION OF THE RURAL
POPULATION IN URBANISATION.
• A PRO-ACTIVE INVESTOR-FRIENDLY
FRAMEWORK.
The Development Model
Provide Quality Infrastructure
(Physical and Social)
Attract Industries
Generate
Employment
Education Hub
Leisure Destination
City Development
How did we approach. . . .
Our Approach to Counter Challenges
… 3 Node Approach
Meticulous
Planning /
Development
ƒ Funds for
Development
ƒ Funds for O&M
Fund
Management
3
1
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
Concept Structure Plan
Land use Master Plan
Transportation Plan
Services Master Plan
Phasing Plan
Landscaping Plan
Development as per Plan
2
Innovative
Governance Strategy
ƒ Simple Regulations
ƒ Transparency
ƒ Uniform Enforcement
Challenges…
Drawbacks in Planning Process
•
LACK OF CLARITY OF VISION: CONFLICTING CLAIMS
•
VERY LITTLE EMPHASIS ON IMPLEMENTATION OF
PLAN
•
DIVORCE OF PHYSICAL PLAN FROM FISCAL PLAN
•
ABSENCE OF TRANSPORTATION MASTER PLAN
•
NO ATTENTION TO
¾ LANDSCAPING
¾ URBAN DESIGN
¾ URBAN FORM
•
TENDENCY TO LOSE SIGHT OF THE INDIVIDUAL
17
Challenges …
Drawbacks in Existing Indian Cities
•
DIRTY AND UNKEMPT
•
INADEQUATE AND SUBSTANDARD SERVICES AND
FACILITIES
•
POOR MAINTENANCE
•
WEAK ENFORCEMENT OF LAWS
•
INADEQUATE PROVISION OF HOUSING FOR WEAKER
SECTIONS
•
AD HOC FIXES RATHER THAN LONG TERM SOLUTIONS
•
SHORTAGE OF FUNDS
18
Therefore, learning from our existing
cities………..
In Greater Noida, focus and emphasis
was given on controlled planning,
development, regulating unplanned
development and on efficient
maintenance of the city infrastructure,
all this from day one
EVOLUTION OF THE
CONCEPT STRUCTURE PLAN
Land Suitability Analysis
•
•
•
•
•
•
Proximity to linkages
Proximity to existing settlements
Ground water availability
Soil type and soil bearing capacity
Drainage pattern
Proximity to ecologically sensitive areas.
Superimposition by weightage method to
identify
• Areas most suitable and moderately
suitable for urbanisation.
• Ecologically sensitive areas not suitable
for urban development.
• Ground water re-charge areas not suitable
for urban development.
• Areas away from main approaches and
should be taken up as last priority for
urbanisation.
DRAFT MASTER PLAN
2021
EXISTING AND PROPOSED
LAND - USES FOR 2011 & 2021
NH 24
G
LEGEND
.
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O
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AD
M
M
FROM NOIDA
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P3
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60M WIDE ROAD
INSTITUTIONAL ZONE
45M WIDE ROAD
(i) INSTITUTIONAL
RAILWAY LINE
105 M WIDE ROAD
RI
LRT
U
TUGLAQKABAD
BORAKI RAIL LINK
SEZ
RECREATIONAL GREEN
P1
VILLAGE ABADI
R
INSTITUTIONAL GREENS
P2
RIVER
NURSERY & HORTICULTURE
P3
WATER BODIES
RESERVED FOREST
P4
UPSIDC
T
AGRICULTURAL
R
R
KNOWLEDGE
PARK V
P1
A1
TRANSPORTATION
R
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BUS TERMINAL &
REALATED USE
R
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DSC ROAD
80M WIDE ROAD
INDUSTRIAL ZONE
U
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W
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130M WIDE ROAD
C
GREEN AREAS
C
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COMMERCIAL ZONE
WHOLESALE TRADE
(ii) REGIONEL LEVEL
INSTITUTION
(III) UTILITIES
R
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RESIDENTIAL ZONE
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ECHOTECH-III
(U.K.)
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PROPOSED SOLID WASTE
LAND FIL SITE
P4
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THE REVISED DRAFT MASTER PLAN WAS PRESENTED IN
THE 51ST BOARD MEETING HELD ON 08.11.04THE REVISION DONE
WERE: (A) THE REVISED ALIGNMENT OF TAJ EXPRESSWAY; (B) CANTONMENT
AREA HAS BEEN CONVERTED INTO INDUSTRIAL USE, INDUSTRIAL AREA ALONG
ALONG G.T. ROAD CONVERTED INTO AGRICULTURAL USE;
(C) INSTITUTIONAL AREA REVISED ALONG TAJ EXPRESSWAY.
D
5.
4.
DRAFT MASTER PLAN
GREATER NOIDA - 2021
3.
2.
1.
S.NO.
K
AN
R
-S
LOCATION OF UNIVERSITY INDICATED IN THE MASTER PLAN
PLAN AS PER LANDUSE CHANGE PROPOSAL APPROVED
THE REVISED DRAFT MASTER PLAN WAS PRESENTED IN
THE 43RD BOARD MEETING HELD ON 29.06.02.THE REVISION
DONE WERE REALIGNMENT OF 130.0M WIDE ROAD,SHIFTING
OF AIRPORT AS PER FEASIBILITY REPORT,PROVISION OF
METRO RAIL AND THE PROPOSAL WAS APPROVED
THE DRAFT MASTER PLAN WAS PRESENTED IN THE 40TH
BOARD MEETING HELD ON 17.7.01,AND THE FOLLOWING
CHANGES WERE DONEi.e.SHIFTING OF AIRPORT,PROVISION
OF INSTITUTIONAL GREEN,SHIFTING OF REGIONAL LVL.
INSTIUTIONAL,PROVISION OF CANTONMENT
REVISIONS MADE IN THE PLAN
AD
RO
SCALE:
CHANGE IN SHAPE OF OMEGA-I&II, PHI-I&II, CHI-Iⅈ
THE REVISED DRAFT MASTER PLAN WAS PRESENTED IN
THE 46TH BOARD MEETING HELD ON 25.03.03THE REVISION DONE
WERE: THE ALIGNMENT OF BY PASS ROAD FROM NH-24 TO DCS ROAD;
BY IDC
CHANGE IN SHAPE OF OMEGA-I&II, PHI-I&II, CHI-Iⅈ
CHANGE IN SHAPE OF GAUTAM BUDHA UNIVERSITY AND
SPECIAL DEVELOPMENT ZOME ALONG TAJ EXPRESS WAY.
IK
AD
AB
DR
AN
1000 M 500
0M
1000
3000 M
2000
NOTE 1: THE DRAFT MASTER PLAN PRESENTED
IN THE 40TH BOARD MEETING HELD ON
17.7.2001
25.03.03
REKHA T DEYWANI
GM (PLNG & ARCH)
LEENU SAHGAL
DGM (PLNG)
MANISH LAL
NIMISHA SHARMA
S.E. (P)
MANAGER (PLNG.)
23.07.02
29.06.02
RAKESH BAHADUR
C.C.E.O
REKHA T DEYWANI
GM (PLNG & ARCH)
R.C.P. SINGH
A.C.E.O
LEENU SEGHAL
DGM (PLNG)
LALIT SHRIVASTAVA
17.07.01
REKHA T DEYWANI
GM (PLNG & ARCH)
DATE
BRIJESH KUMAR
C.E.O
ASHU
S.E. (P)
SUDHIR GARG
C.E.O
A.C.E.O
LEENU SEGHAL
SM (PLNG)
NIMISHA
MGR. (P)
RADHA CHAUHAN
D.C.E.O
REGIONAL CONNECTIVIT
LEGEND
DADR1 ROB
M ARIPAT
D A D R 1R A I L W A Y
STATION
TIL P A TTA B Y P A SS
IN LAN D CON TA IN ER DEPOT
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PROPOSED TAJ EXPRESSWAY
PROPOSED LOCATION OF AIRPORT
DANK AUR
SIK AN DRAB
Assessed and addressed the Transportation
Linkages as city perceived to be far from
Delhi…Distance reduced to 20 min
Distances are from Greater
Noida to respective places
• Regional
Connectivity
¾ 6 lane Express way
¾ Link road to NH-24
¾ Rail Link to Delhi
¾ Taj Expressway
from Greater Noida
to Agra
¾ Delhi Metro project
on anvil
25 Kms
25 Kms
35 Kms
75 Kms
HA
PU
R
GHAZIABAD
NH 2
4
TO
FROM DELHI
CONCEPT
PLAN
NATIONAL/
REGIONAL INSTITUTIONS
M
FRO
HI
DEL
NOIDA M.P. ROAD
INDUSTRIAL AREA
CENTRAL SPINE
BACK BONE FOR
INFRASTRUCTURE
MASS TRANSIT SYSTEM
T
H
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C
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N
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WHOLE SALE
TRADE
A
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LHI
M DE
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DSC ROAD
I.C.D.
P
IN
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DISTRICT
HEAD QUARTER
G
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ECOLOGICAL
RESOURCES
A
RAILWAY
STATION
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N O I D A
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PR
EX
EXISTING
DEVELOPMENT
Y
A
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BAD
DRA
IKAN
TO S
PROPOSED TAJ EXPRESSWAY
STRONG REGIONAL LINKAGES
LINEAR CITY
GRID IRON PATTERN
CENTRAL SPINE
NATIONAL/REGIONAL ACTIVITIES ON PERIPHERY
INDUSTRIAL AREA LOCATED ON PERIPHERY
WELL DISTRUBUTED COMMERCIAL/INSTITUTIONAL
INTER LINKED GREENS
ECOLOGICALLY SENSITIVE AREAS
GROUND WATER RECHARGE AREAS
A
LI
G
SPECIAL
ECONOMIC ZONE
GROUND WATER
RECHARGE
AREAS
SCALE :
1:50,000
TO
W
EA
IL
R
-G
RECHARGE
AREAS
.R
O
AD
PROPOSED
AREA FOR
AIRPORT
TO MATHURA
AGRA
CONCEPT PLAN, GREATER NOIDA - 2021
EXISTING AND PROPOSED
LAND - USES FOR 2011 & 2021
NH 24
G
MASTER
PLAN2021
.
.T
RO
LEGEND
AD
FROM NOIDA
RESIDENTIAL
TRANSPORTAT ION
COMMERCIAL
130M WIDE ROAD
INDUSTRIAL
105 M WIDE ROAD
INSTITUTIONAL
80M WIDE ROAD
60M WIDE ROAD
UTILITIES
RAILWAY LINE
GREEN AREAS
SPECIAL USES
GREEN AREAS
WHOLESALE MANDI
RECREATIONAL GREEN
INSTITUTIONAL -REG. LVL
INSTITUTIONAL GREENS
VILLAGE ABADI
NURSERY & HORTICULTURE
SEZ
RESERVED FOREST
USE UNDEFINED
AGRICULTURAL
PHASE -I-2001
PHASE -II-2011
DSC ROAD
I.C.D.
WHOLESALE
TRADE
NO
ID
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A
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.
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LIN
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AY
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PRO PO SE
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PROPOSED
AREA FOR
AIRPORT
DA
A
NK
UR
-S
AD
RO
NOTE: THE DRAFT MASTER PLAN PRESENTED
IN THE 40TH BOARD MEETING HELD ON
SCALE:
1000 M 500
MASTER PLAN, GREATER NOIDA - 2021
IK
AD
AB
DR
AN
0M
R EKHA T D EYWANI
GM (PLN G & ARCH)
1000
2000
LEEN U SEGHAL
SM (PLNG)
BRIJESH KUMAR
C .E.O
3000 M
N IMISHA
MGR . (P)
R ADH A C HAU HAN
D .C .E.O
17.7.2001
Salient features of the Plan
o
Adequate road and rail linkages for movement of
commuters and freight.
o
Grid iron pattern of road network with economic
activities located on the major routes to support an
efficient Mass Transportation System.
o
A 130.0 m. wide road has been planned as the
backbone of the linear city for connecting the
northern end to the southern part of the city and also
to Noida and Delhi.
o
Regional level landuses located at the periphery of the
city
Salient features of the Plan
o Major work centers are well distributed
throughout the city.
o Industrial , Institutional areas planned on the
periphery to cater to the region.
o Industrial, Institutional areas are planned with all
common facilities required within the area.
o Residential areas planned with a heirarchy of
community facilities and open spaces.
Road Network
HEIRARCHY OF ROAD NETWORK
o 130m. wide main arterial road ( Central Spine from North- west to
South-East)
o 105 m. wide the Meridian road.
o 80 m. wide Promenade (S.K.Road) and road along kot escape.
o 75 m. wide Noida-Greater Noida Expressway.
o 60 m. wide sector peripheral roads.
o 45 m. wide DSC Road(existing) road along railway line.
o Typical cross section for roads designed for provision for NMVs, bus
lanes, pedestrian facilities, space for all services
TYPICAL CROSS SECTION FOR ARTERIAL &
SECTORAL ROADS
80m
4m
7m
5m
7m
2.5%
SPACE FOR
GREENERY
4m
4%
SERVICE ROAD
SPACE FOR UTILITIES
2.5%
11m
4m
11m
2.5%
MV LANE
NMV LANE
FOOT PATH
ELEC.
DUCT
0.25m
2.5%
MEDIAN
0.25m
MV LANE
5m
4m
2.5%
7m
7m
4%
NMV LANE
FOOT PATH
TEL.
DUCT
4m
2.5%
SPACE FOR UTILITIES
SERVICE ROAD
SPACE FOR
GREENERY
TEL. ELEC.
DUCT DUCT
TYPICAL CROSS SECTION FOR 80m ROW ROAD
130m
10.5m
6.5m
SPACE FOR PLANTATION
SPACE FOR ELEC. CABLES
SPACE FOR TEL. &
ENTR. CABLES
SPACE FOR CNG/LPG
DRAIN
SPACE FOR TRUNK
WATER/SEWER LINE
WALK
WAY
4%
FOOT PATH
SERVICE ROAD
5m
2.5%
NMV LANE
1m
11m
3.5m
19m
3.5m
2.5%
MV LANE
1.2m
11m
2.5%
BUS LANE
MEDIAN
BUS LANE
MV LANE
1m
5m
2.5%
NMV LANE
6.5m
10.5m
4%
FOOT PATH
SERVICE ROAD
TYPICAL CROSS SECTION FOR 130m ROW ROAD WITH HCBS
DRAIN OF
5mx5m
3m
2m
2m
3m
2m
3m
1.5m
2.5%
DRAIN OF
5mx5m
WALK
WAY
BERM
3m
DRAIN
2m
WATER/SEWER LINE
SPACE FOR TRUNK
2m
SPACE FOR CNG/LPG
3m
ENTR. CABLES
SPACE FOR TEL. &
2m
2.5%
BERM
0.3m
1.2m
3m
SPACE FOR PLANTATION
1.5m
SPACE FOR ELEC. CABLES
0.3m
APPROACH TO PLANNING
INFORMAL SECTOR
NEIGHBOUHOOD
BLOCK
COMMUNITY
SECTOR
CITY
REGION
33
Elements of City Planning
• Sector layouts critical in defining a city’s life
style.
• Parks and playgrounds---- Flowing Greens
--- 45% area under roads and open spaces.
• Daily Needs at Walking Distances
• Equitable norms for social infrastructure
defined for each sector; provided from the
34
beginning
…Thought-through plan addressing the
likely problems of today's cities
• Informal Sector planned as an integral part of
the city
• Provision of Kiosks at Strategic Locations
• Convenient earmarked places for hawkers
• Weekly markets
• Sites for housing for informal sector: 5% of
residential area
• Urbanisation and Integration of Villages with
the city
…… Smooth Flow of Traffic
¾ Roads built for almost full traffic from the
start
¾ No direct access on arterial roads
¾ Design and maintenance norms specified
¾ Pedestrian/Cycle Movement Plan
¾ Liberal Parking Norms
¾ No parking in Road Right of Way
¾ Parking areas identified/developed
¾ Bus bays as part of road design
¾ Bus shelters
… Urban Design Plan
• Emphasis on City Aesthetics
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
Manicured Landscapes.
Solid Waste Management System.
Well planned Street Furniture.
Harmony of form and colour of buildings.
Development of Focal Points.
The distinguishing characteristic of Greater
Noida
…. Environmentally Sustainable …
The Landscaping Plan
• Key Features
¾ About 25% area reserved for Greenery
¾ Interlinked green spaces – continuous lung space
¾ Green belts along arterial roads to control
development, improve aesthetics and environment
¾ Introduced innovative concept of institutional
green areas
¾ Detailed tree plantation plan to ensure shade &
flowers round the year
…… Pleasing Environment
• Ensuring Streetscape
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
Detailed Signage Plan
No hoardings permitted in the city
Controlled Signages and Display Boards
No-Bills / No Painting on walls - Heavy penalties
Large Plot owners to install illuminated boards
Provisioning for Public Conveniences
Well laid out avenues
…. Ensuring Urban Form
•
Harmony of Urban Form
¾ Norms defined for ramps, design / height of
boundary walls, plantation, plinth height
¾ Predefined Colour Scheme for buildings on
main roads
¾ All services provided inside individual
premises at the time of initial development
¾ Building Lines Specified through detailed
Zonal Plan
Elements of City Planning
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
City Level Infrastructure
Land Use Plans/ Zoning regulations
Sewerage and Solid Waste
Environmental Impact– Water
Harvesting
Institutions/Industries
Soft Infrastructure
Shelter for the poor
Life style requirements
The City
• A Human Enterprise
• A segment of land where people have
chosen to live and work
• Mosaic of activities and buildings
• Woven together by a network of
streets, transportation, utilities
• Held together by social bonds and
economic conditions
42
Role of City Planning
• A City Plan has to arrange all these
elements properly as the city develops
• Not simply about the construction of
buildings and parking lots on isolated
parcels, and the physical infrastructure
• In the aggregate it is about something much
larger and significant to all citizens:
community building.
43
Our Obsession was to make Greater
Noida a Modern, Composite and Efficient
City of International Standards
• Challenge is just not in the visioning
and initial development of the city
• Maintenance is a continuous process
• To ensure sustainability of services,
byelaws, maintaining streetscape,
controlling informal sector
• Merely systems not sufficient:
…….
THANK YOU
…. Land Use Plan
Not only developed but controlled
Its compliance
‰ Total Urbanisable Area up to 2021 is 20,000 Ha
13%
25%
25%
6%
12%
19%
Residential
Institutional
Commercial
Green
Transportation
Industrial
…. Services Planned and ensured at
the stage of Master Plan
• Separate Services Master Plans
prepared
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
Water Supply Network
Transportation Planning
Sewerage System
Power Distribution Plan
Convergence Network Plan
Solid Waste Management Plan
Landscaping Plan
Provisioning as per these Plans
…. Well planned road network,
Can cater to even DMRC’s requirement
DADRI
• Key Features
ICD
GT
RO
AD
(S
H2
L
DE
2)
HI
UNIVERSITY
6L
E
AN
EX
TO
E
PR
W
T
UT
AY
LC
CA
SS
A
¾ 130 m ROW road as
the backbone
connecting the
northern end to
southern end
¾ Hierarchy of Roads
(sector roads 60108m ROW)
¾ Slow moving traffic
only on service lane
of arterial roads
NOIDA
…. Expansion plan to cater to increase in
population
‰ Phase-1 (up to 2001)
¾
¾
Population : 3.0 Lacs
Urbanisable Area : 5075 Ha
‰ Phase-2 (up to 2011)
¾
¾
Population : 7.0 Lacs
Urbanisable Area : 12,000 Ha
‰ Phase-3 (up to 2021)
¾
¾
Population : 12.0 Lacs
Urbanisable Area : 20,000 Ha
Phasing Criteria
“Supply” always ahead of the “Demand”
Governance and Regulation
Model
…… GNIDA’s Mandate
• Greater Noida was Set-up in January 1991 under
the UP Industrial Area Development Act 1976
• The Act mandates Planning, Development,
Operations & Maintenance as well as Regulation
functions
• GNIDA as the Investment Promotion Agency
Lean Management Structure
•
Lean Management & Operative Organisation
Structure
¾ Outsourcing of activities
¾ Following the Management contract route to
Operate and Maintain the services
¾ Computer based operative and implementation
systems
…. Evolved the Concept Structure Plan
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Strong Regional Linkages
Linear City, with Central Spine
Grid Iron Pattern
National / Regional Activities on periphery
Industrial Areas located on Periphery
Well distributed Commercial / Institutional
Interlinked Greens
Ecologically Sensitive Areas
Ground Water Recharge Areas
54
Guideline and Systems
• Minimal Regulation --- Strict Compliance
• Emphasis on ‘Envelope Concept’
¾ Periphery of building (Setback, Ground coverage,
FAR, Building height)
¾ Internal details are prerogative of Owners
• Well defined Bye-laws, guidelines & directions for
development
• Clear time frames for various clearances
•
•
Certification of Plans by Architects
Deemed Completion
Setting Performance Standards
• Quantitative standards defined for services
(Downtime, complaint response time, periodicity
& frequency of service, preventive maintenance)
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
Power Supply
Water Supply & Sewage Treatment
Solid Waste Management
Convergence Network
Road Maintenance
Security of public & private properties
• Strict penalties defined for violation of these
standards by operators
Transparent Administration
•
Simplified regulations
•
Uniformity in enforcement
•
Exceptions only in very rare cases
• System for land allotment and tendering well
publicised.
• Transparency
Enhanced Role for Community
Powers have been decentralized
and given to Neighbourhood
Management Councils, ensuring
compliance of laws relating to
planning and maintenance
of services
Powers, Duties and Responsibilities
of NMCs
•
•
•
•
•
Implementation of regulations, Bye-laws, guidelines,
directions
Supervising and organising maintenance of all
services and amenities as arranged by Authority
Educate and motivate the residents to follow ‘good
practices’
Ensure that the appointed operators perform their
duties in the their neighbourhood, viz. Solid Waste
Management, Security Personnel(s), etc.
Change in land use subject to NMC concurrence
3 Fund(s) Management
Challenge of Managing Capex and
Revenue Expenditure
•
•
Capital expenditure plan synchronized with the Master
Plan of the City
Capital Budget and Profitability Analysis on long term
basis to ensure financial sustainability of the city
•
Fix on Revenue Expenditure through management
contract policy to ensure better control
•
Accounting Policy in place
¾
¾
¾
Achieved double entry system
Policy on accrual basis, gives product-wise profitability
Separate reserve funds for expansion and maintenance of
services provided for
Financial Management
ADEQUATE FINANCIAL PROVISIONING
FOR:--- CREATION OF ASSETS
--- SUBSEQUENT MAINTENANCE
Financial Provision for Creation
• Long term corporate plan prepared --- fund
created for future development
• Special funds created for future
development and city level projects and
facilities
• All costs loaded in pricing of land
63
Provision for Maintenance
• Part provision made in the capital cost
• Specific items earmarked for each
fund
---- For landscaping
---- For urban services
64
Funds Created for …
Urban services
1) Lease Rent
2) User Fees
3) Fees and Penalties
4) Interest from urban services fund
Greening and landscaping
1) Charges for special projects
2) Income from sale of green areas.
65
Innovative ways to ensure sufficient
fund flows
•
Enhancement of Revenue Base
¾ Differential pricing mechanism for commercial,
residential, industrial and institutional
¾ Loading cost of special projects on the basic sale
price, loaded upfront..
¾ User fee for maintenance of infrastructure and
landscaping, pay as you use concept (for water)
¾ Have built in enough reserve funds to manage
the major overhaul and rehabilitation of assets
Private Sector
An Equal Partner in City’s
Development
Private Sector to be a Major Player in
Civic Services
• To avoid experience of other cities:¾ bloated staff
¾ poor services
• Mobilise Private Sector Finances
• More efficient services
• State of art technology
…. Facilitated The Development Process
through private sector participation
• Substantial Private Sector Participation
¾ Private Power distribution since 1993 (NPCL)
¾ Convergence Network (Now Citi Cable)
¾ Solid Waste Management - waste collection,
segregation at source, transportation,
mechanical sweeping of main roads
¾ Residential Colonies and Group Housing
¾ Malls and Commercial Development
• Participation within the framework of the City
Plan
Experience of the Privatisation Process
•
•
•
•
•
Very Few Players for Civic Services
Too risk averse: risk sharing vs. no risk
Guarantees for 10-20 years required
Emphasis on short-term benefits
¾ Disregard for quality of services
¾ Temptation to violate norms with
disastrous long-term effects
Need to develop private sector as a good brand
• Commitment needed of all the players,
public and private
• Private Sector Participants to be equally
conscious of maintaining norms
• Necessary to devise a system to act as a
continuous watchdog
• Concerned & informed public opinion
needs to bring its weight to ensure
continued adherence to the vision drafted for
the CITY
Greater Noida: the first city in the wake of
Liberalization
Developed a Strategy different from the
traditional
Limited Funds (seed capital only Rs. 5.0 crores)
Financially Viable, High Quality,
Environmentally Sustainable Model
A Replicable Model
Successfully competes with other cities
Mind Set and Attitude of
Paramount Importance
“Can Do” Approach
Plan and Provide Facilities
Build Structure and Systems
Glance at the Financial Summary……
Last Decade
•
Started the operation with seed capital of only Rs 5
crores (revolving fund) from UP Govt
Sources of Funds (Rs. 1376 Cr.)
207100
%
68000
%
3%
565800
%
192200
%
Cap. Receipts
Application of Funds (Rs. 1300 Cr.)
Loans
Reserves
Capital Receipt: Sale realisation
958200
Cap. Exp.
%
Loans / Debtors
Rev. Exp.
Capital Exp.: Land Acq, Development
works, village development