CEKGUAINXSIFUTUTOR
SCIENCE-STAND 4 (DLP)
UNIT 2: HUMAN
1. Humans undergo various types of life processes to stay alive
2. The life processes of human are:
2.1
a)
________________________________
b)
________________________________
c)
________________________________
d)
________________________________
Breathing in Humans
1. Human need to breathe to stay alive
2. The breathing organs of humans are the ___________.
3. The breathing tract of humans includes the ____________ and _____________.
4. Human breathe using the ____________, ___________ and ___________.
Diagram 2.1 Breathing organs of humans
Breathing process
1. Breathing involves two processes:
a) _______________, which is taking in air into the body
b) _______________, which is giving out air from the body
CEKGUAINXSIFUTUTOR
SCIENCE-STAND 4 (DLP)
2. During inhalation, air enters through the _________, then into ___________ and finally into
the lungs. The pathway of during inhalation
3. During exhalation, air __________ __________ of the _________, then enters ___________
and exits through the ________. The pathway of during exhalation
4. The lungs _____________ during inhalation and ______________ during exhalation
5. These cause the chest to move ________________ and __________________.
Diagram 2.2 The movement of the chest during inhalation and exhalation
6. The inhaled air contains more oxygen while the exhaled air contains more carbon dioxide.
CEKGUAINXSIFUTUTOR
SCIENCE-STAND 4 (DLP)
Rate of Breathing
1. The rate of breathing is the ___________________________________________________
in one minute.
2. Different people have different rates of breathing
3. Factors that affect the rate f breathing are as follows:
(a) Type of activities
i.
The rate of breathing depends on the type of activities being carried out
Rate of
breathing
Low
Moderate
High
Type of activity
CEKGUAINXSIFUTUTOR
SCIENCE-STAND 4 (DLP)
ii.
The rate of breathing is low when the person is _____________
or
_____________, but high when the person is ________________ or doing
vigorous activity
iii.
During vigorous activity, the body requires more oxygen thus causes us to breathe
faster.
(b) Emotion -when a person is frightened, nervous or anxious, the rate of breathing is
_______________ than when the person is calm
(c) Age
i.
Babies and children have higher rates of breathing than adults
ii.
Their lungs have smaller capacity compared to adults
iii.
Therefore, they need breathe faster to get enough oxygen
Age
Average number of chest movement up
and won per minute (rate of breathing)
Infant
44
Baby below 1 year old
20-40
Kindergarten children
20-30
School pupils
16-25
Adults
12-20
Adults doing exercise
35-45
(d) Altitude- individuals who live in places of high altitudes have high rates of breathing
because the higher the altitude, the ____________ oxygen in the air.
(e) Weather-the rate of breathing for an individual in hot weather is higher than in cold
weather.
CEKGUAINXSIFUTUTOR
SCIENCE-STAND 4 (DLP)
Situations that affect breathing
1. Some situations which give bad effects on human breathing are as follows:
Diagram 2.3 Situations which give good effects on breathing
Diagram 2.4 situations which give bad effects on human breathing
2. The lungs are the main ____________ for breathing
3. The breathing system will be disrupted if the health of the lungs is affected
The following are several ways that can be done to take care of the health of the lungs:
Ways to take care the health of lungs
a) Breathe through the nose
b) Sports
Description
CEKGUAINXSIFUTUTOR
SCIENCE-STAND 4 (DLP)
c) Eat balanced food
d) Plant trees in the house
e) Do not smoke and stay away from
smokers
f) Keep the air clean
CEKGUAINXSIFUTUTOR
SCIENCE-STAND 4 (DLP)
Quick Check 2.1
1. Name the breathing organs of humans
_______________________________________
2. Complete the pathway of air during the following processes
(a) Inhalation
_____________ → trachea → ______________
(b) Exhalation
Lungs → _______________ →______________
CEKGUAINXSIFUTUTOR
SCIENCE-STAND 4 (DLP)
3. Diagram 1 shows the damaged lungs caused by lung cancer. Table 1 shows the number
of deaths caused by lung cancer in country Z.
(a) Give an inference for the increasing in the number of deaths caused by lung cancer
(b) State the trend of change in the number of deaths caused by lung cancer when the
year increases
(c) Based on table 1, predict the number of deaths caused by lung cancer in the year
2017
(d) What conclusion can be mad from this investigation?
___________________________________________________________________