Book,
Single Author
6.11
In-text citation rule: For paraphrasing and quotations, always include
the author's last name and the date published. Paraphrases do not have
to include page numbers (and some instructors may prefer this method,
so check with them). However, in the new edition of the APA Manual,
they are recommended.
Referring the author in the text: According to Ball (2001), the earth
contains many bright colors (p.10).
Author not referred to in the text: The earth contains many bright
colors (Ball, 2001, p.10).
If a work has only two authors, cite both names each time you reference
the material.
EXAMPLE: According to Bird and Martin (2005), Robert
Oppenheimer led a tragic life.
Book,
Multiple
Authors
6.12
If a work has three, four, or five authors, you should cite all of the
authors by last name in the first in-text reference. In a subsequent
reference, you would cite the name of the first author listed followed by
et al.
EXAMPLES:
Johnson, Lee, and Martin (2010) attempted this experiment. [first
in-text citation]
Johnson et al (2010) confirmed the number of participants.
If a work has six or more authors, only cite the first author's last name
followed by et al for all in-text citations.
Vidal et al (2010) concluded that working in a library is the best
job a student can have.
Works with no
author
6.15
Corporate
author (easily
identified by
acronym)
For an in-text citation for a source with no identified author, your intext citation will include the first part of your reference, usually the
title.
EXAMPLE: When research is completed in a timely manner,
student grades are better ("How To Succeed," 2010).
EXAMPLES:
According to the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH, 2007),
high cholesterol levels are affecting children as well as adults.
In subsequent in-text citations, you should use NIMH (2003).
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