SGT5-PAC 4000F
Gas Turbine Package
Application Handbook
Part 1
Rev 12
November
2016
ECCN: EAR99
AL: N
US-Content: Yes
siemens.com/gasturbines
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___________________________________________
Siemens Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Rev 12
November 2016
Application Handbook –Part 1
ECCN: EAR99 AL: N US-Content: Yes
Siemens Energy Sector
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Application Handbook AHB54FGTPACR10 I Revision 12 I 11/2016 I Title Page I Page 1 of 1
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
PREAMBLE
Purpose of Handbook
The purpose of this Application Handbook (AHB) is to provide general reference information
on the Siemens Turbine Package in power generation application. Accordingly, the reference
information in this AHB is intended to be used only for conceptual plant design and enquiry.
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thereof to others without express authorization are prohibited. Offenders will be held liable for payment of damages. All rights
created by patent grant or registration of a utility model or design patent are reserved.
The first part of the AHB is an overview of the Siemens Turbine Package, while the second
part of appendices is intended for more specific information on integrating the turbine packages into an overall power plant project.
The information contained in this AHB is regularly updated and may vary, in some cases
even substantially, based on the individual project preconditions. The information in this AHB
is therefore subject to verification for each individual project and shall not be relied upon or
used for any purpose, whether as the basis to evaluate or purchase such products or services or otherwise.
Siemens thus assumes no liabilities or obligations in respect of the information contained in
this AHB and the information and descriptions contained herein are (i) provided for information purposes only, (ii) not to be considered as all inclusive or covering all contingencies and
(iii) FURNISHED WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY OR GUARANTEE WHATSOEVER,
WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, OF FITNESS FOR PURPOSE, MERCHANTABILITY,
FROM COURSE OF DEALING OR USAGE OF TRADE, AS TO ADEQUACY, ACCURACY,
COMPLETENESS OR USEFULNESS, OR OTHERWISE. Siemens’ only liabilities or obligations, if any, regarding such products or services shall be solely if and to the extent expressly
set forth in a written contract executed by Siemens. The liability for willful misconduct and
fraud remain unaffected.
Proprietary Information
All information, however embodied, and all technical documents supplied by Siemens, including the information contained in this AHB, shall remain the property of Siemens and its
successors and assigns. Your acceptance of the information is an acknowledgment of the
confidential nature of the information. Such information is to be used solely for the purpose
described above and is to be returned to Siemens on request or destroyed when no longer
required for that purpose.
No information, however embodied herein, is to be reproduced, transmitted, disclosed, or
used otherwise in whole or in part without the written authorization of Siemens or its successors.
Updates of Handbook
The printout version of the AHB is not subject to any updating service. The current version
used by Siemens can be found under the following link:
https://www.cp4ic.siemens.com/
Any revisions should, unless otherwise stated, be deemed to supersede previous versions.
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Section 0.1. Preamble
Page
0 -2
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Feedback on Handbook
The Application Handbook (AHB) is intended to provide information about the Siemens Turbine Package that is important for your power plant project. If you have feedback please contact us under the address given below.
Please note that the AHB provides general reference information describing a standard configuration and typically ISO ambient conditions thus please avoid project-specific questions
that cannot be answered here.
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feedback.applicationhandbook.energy@siemens.com
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Section 0.1. Preamble
Page
0 -3
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Revision Sheet
Shown are major changes implemented.
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SGT5-PAC 4000F
Revision: 12
Date: November 2016
General
(these changes may affect serveral chapters)
Changes / Updates
Gas Turbine
- Engine design optimized for hot ambient available
- Optional design features for optimized fuel flexibility and
part load performance available
Generator
- Hydrogen-cooled generator SGen5-2000H instead of aircooled SGen-1200A
- Auxiliaries for 2000H: Seal Oil System, Gas System
Fuel Gas System
- New design: system is removed from auxiliaries base
module and placed closer to the GT on the left side as
fuel gas piping manifold
Chapter Part 1
Changes / Updates
Package Components and Systems
- GT: Operating Flexibility
- Electrical Systems: Equipment for 2000H
- Generator: 2000H
- Generator Auxiliaries
Site and Plant Aspects, Working Media, Concepts
- Typical Site Arrangements:
2000H and Auxiliaries
Building Annex for 2000H
- Lifting of Equipment:
Table
Figure Crane Arrangement
Performance, Emissions and Operation
- Thermal Performance Data: at ISO conditions and hot
conditions
- Figure Steam Production Capability
Scope of Supply
- base scope: 2000H and Auxiliaries
- options: Noise Protection Walls for 2000H
- Tools for 2000H
Data Sheets
- Technical Data
GT: pressure ratio
GT Auxiliaries: 1x100% Lube Oil Cooler instead of
2x100%
Electrical Systems: SEE und SFC
Generator: 2000H
- Electrical Load Table
- Auxiliary Power Consumption
- Heat Emissions
- Closed Cooling Water System
Service Aspects
- GT Maintenance:
Inspection Intervals
Figures
- Generator Maintenance: 2000H
Site-Related Services
- description and TFA and ECS DoR list
Standards, Codes and Regulations
- 2000H and Auxiliaries
Appendix Part 2
Changes / Updates
Requirements on Working Media
- Media for Generator: Hydrogen and Argon gas and compressed air for 2000H
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Section 0.2. Revision Sheet
Page
0 -4
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
- SoS DoR list
Project Implementation
- Equipment Handling: Drawings GT, Generator
- Shipping List
- BoQ Erection List
Package Layout
- Working/Storage Areas during Service Measures on
2000H
Mechanical Interfaces
- 2000H and auxiliaries
Foundation Parts and Fixation
- 2000H and auxiliaries
QA Procedures
- 2000H
Drawings
- Layout Drawings
- Foundation Drawings
- Single Line Diagram
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Scope of Supply and Division of Responsibilties
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Section 0.2. Revision Sheet
Page
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Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
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Siemens Product Naming
SGT™
Siemens Gas Turbine
SST™
Siemens Steam Turbine
SGen™
Siemens Generator
SCon
Siemens Condenser
SPPA™
Siemens Power Plant Automation
SGT-PAC
Siemens Gas Turbine Package
SST-PAC
Siemens Steam Turbine Package
SCC™
Siemens Combined-Cycle
SCC-PAC
Siemens Combined-Cycle Package
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Section 0.3. Product Naming
Page
0 -6
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
1
Introduction
2
Package Components and Systems
3
Terminal Points to Power Plant
4
Site and Plant Aspects, Working Media, Concepts
5
Performance, Emissions and Operation
6
Scope of Supply
7
Data Sheets
8
Service Aspects
9
Site-Related Services
10
Standards, Codes and Regulations
11
Quality and Environmental Management
12
Abbreviations
13
Conversion of Units
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Section TOC
Page
TOC -1
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
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Section TOC
Page
TOC -2
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
1 Introduction
Introduction
1.1.
Siemens Gas Turbine Package ..............................................................
1-3
1.2.
Major Equipment Summary ....................................................................
1-6
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1
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Section 1 Introduction
Page
1 -1
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Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
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Section 1 Introduction
Page
1 -2
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Introduction
Siemens Gas Turbine Package
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The design of Siemens Gas Turbine Package SGT5-PAC 4000F includes decades of experience in gas turbine technology and power plant design resulting in:
–
An economical power generating system with standardized base design and base scope
of supply that is used for standard applications and conditions.
–
Flexibility to match customer needs through pre-engineered options to meet projectspecific and site-specific conditions that deviate from the standard or to increase operating flexibility and performance.
–
A reliable self-contained power generating system: Gas turbine and generator are designed and combined to provide highly efficient electric power generation. Mechanical,
control and electrical systems are designed and selected for safe and reliable operation
of these components.
–
Reliable project implementation through maximized shop-assembly of systems, and
through standardization of the package design with clearly documented interfaces to the
overall power plant.
–
High availability through service-friendly designs, service programs such as long-term
maintenance programs and operational support such as remote online diagnostic.
–
Fuel cost savings through high efficiency levels.
–
Environmental friendliness through low-emissions gas turbine and high efficiencies.
–
High operating flexibility with respect to fuel, part-load capabilities and fast start-up.
The scope is focused on the core equipment of a self-contained power generating system
and comprises:
–
Gas Turbine
–
Generator
–
Auxiliary Systems
–
Air Intake System
–
Exhaust Gas Diffuser
–
Control System
–
Electrical Systems
–
Power Control Centers
–
Enclosures / Noise Protection
–
Fire Detection / Fire Protection
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Section 1.1. Siemens Gas Turbine Package
Page
1 -3
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
The focus of this AHB is on applications of the Siemens Turbine Package
for simple-cycle and multi-shaft combined-cycle power plants
–
for indoor installation
–
for operation with fuel gas and light distillate fuel oil
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–
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Section 1.1. Siemens Gas Turbine Package
Page
1 -4
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
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SGT5-4000F
SGen5-2000H
Stack or
Diverter with
Bypass Stack*
Gas Turbine
(with enclosure
steelwork)
Air Intake System
Fuel
Gas
Diffuser
Generator
Fuel Oil*,
NOx Water Injection*
Hydraulic Oil
Instrument Air
HCO
Lube Oil
Transformers
for SEE, SFC
Power Control Centers
* optional scope
(electrical and control equipment)
Figure: SGT5-PAC 4000F - Typical Arrangement of Components & Systems
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Section
Page
1.1. Siemens Gas Turbine Package
1 -5
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Major Equipment Summary
Gas Turbine (GT)
The prime mover SGT5-4000F consists of three basic elements: axial-flow compressor,
combustion system and turbine. These three elements are combined into a single assembly
complete with rotor in place. Low-NOX combustion technology is applied for minimized emissions. Hydraulic clearance optimization minimizes clearances between turbine blade tips and
casing, thus provides maximum power output and efficiency.
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The design concept for the SGT5-4000F builds on more than 50 years’ experience with
heavy-duty gas turbines at Siemens. Some essential design features are the proven singletie-rod rotor construction and the service-friendly annular combustion chamber.
Generator (GN)
To efficiently convert the mechanical power into electrical power, the 2-pole SGen5-2000H
with Hydrogen-cooled stator and rotor is applied.
Auxiliary Systems for
–
Fuel Gas: regulates and controls the flow of fuel gas into the burners (GT)
–
Fuel Oil (option): regulates and controls the flow of fuel oil into the burners (GT)
–
Water Injection (option for fuel oil): regulates and controls the flow of water into the combustion process for NOX emission reduction on fuel oil operation
–
Valve actuation: hydraulic oil (GT)
–
Valve actuation: instrument air (compressed air) receiver tank (GT)
–
Compressor cleaning (GT)
–
Slow rotor turning (GT)
–
Lubrication and Lifting of bearings (GT, GN)
–
Gas: provides, regulates and controls the flow of hydrogen cooling gas and purging gas
(GN)
–
Shaft Sealing: reliably prevents hydrogen from escaping the generator (GN)
Air Intake System for Gas Turbine
The air intake system comprises filter house, filter system and inlet duct work. The filter
house offers weather protection and prevents large debris from entering the filter system.
The filter system removes both large particles and fine particulates from the air stream. The
inlet air duct directs flow into the gas turbine compressor inlet manifold. An anti-icing system
is installed for cold and humid ambient conditions to avoid icing effects in the air intake system.
Exhaust Gas System for Gas Turbine
After expanding through the combustion turbine, the gases pass through the exhaust gas
diffuser that provides connection to a stack, a heat-recovery steam-generator or a diverter &
bypass stack.
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Section 1.2. Major Equipment Summary
Page
1 -6
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Control System for Package
The control system is based on Siemens Power Plant Automation SPPA-T3000 and contains
equipment necessary for control and monitoring and protection of turbine and generator. This
includes the operation & monitoring system, the automation system and the interface to the
plant control system.
Electrical Systems for Package
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The electrical systems supply low-voltage AC and DC power to the package loads and include battery and battery charger for uninterruptible DC power supply. The electrical equipment also includes static excitation equipment with transformer, starting frequency converter
with transformer for static start-up of the gas turbine via the generator, and generator protection and synchronization equipment.
Power Control Centers (PCC)
Prefabricated and functional pre-commissioned PCC containers provide compact and
weather-protected accommodation of electrical and I&C equipment. Redundant HVAC units
also provide the controlled environment for sensitive equipment.
Enclosures / Noise Protection
This equipment provides noise abatement to the working personnel. A noise enclosure is
applied for the gas turbine. The generator enclosure is designed for indoor and outdoor installation. Enclosures also provide the means for delineation of hazardous areas and containment of fire suppression agent.
Fire Detection / Fire Protection
Fire protection includes fire detection and fire fighting and is provided for gas turbine and fuel
gas system. Fire detection is provided for selected systems.
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Section 1.2. Major Equipment Summary
Page
1 -7
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Systems for Specific Site Conditions
These optional systems include, for example:
cold ambient
–
Advanced compressor cleaning with automatic dosing of anti-freeze agent
–
Inlet air heating for operation at low ambient temperatures (see “Operating Range” below). The system includes anti-icing functionality. It also optimizes part load performance.
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hot / dry ambient
–
Evaporative coolers for power augmentation under hot and dry conditions
–
Fin-Fan coolers for cooling with air, for example when no plant cooling water system is
available. Coolers are for lube oil and generator.
desert /dusty ambient air
–
Pulse filter for optimum inlet air filtering for high particulate in the air such as sand
Performance can be increased/optimized by
–
Wet compression power augmentation to significantly boost power output and efficiency
on demand by water injection through spray nozzles upstream of compressor inlet
–
Fast wet compression for frequency stabilization
–
Inlet air heating for optimized part load operation with low CO emissions and higher combined-cycle efficiency.
Availability can be increased by
–
Diverter with Bypass Stack for combined-cycle operation
–
Online Remote Diagnostics via Siemens Diagnostic Centers
–
Service Programs
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Section 1.2. Major Equipment Summary
Page
1 -8
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Further features of the SGT5-4000F include
–
Start-up option for fast start-up
–
Operating Range -20oC to +40oC
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(to about -35oC with inlet air heating), (to about about +55oC with hot ambient design)
–
Low NOx emissions on dry fuel oil operation
–
Optional design features for optimized part load performance and fuel flexibility: 2 stages
of compressor variable-pitch guide vanes (in addition to inlet guide vanes) and 4-stage
burners (2 stages for main premixed fuel gas, 2 stages for premixed pilot gas) instead of
2-stage burners
For more features and details refer to
chapter “Components and Systems / Gas Turbine / Service-Friendliness”
chapter “Components and Systems / Gas Turbine / Operating Flexibility”
chapter “Performance / Exhaust Emissions”
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Section 1.2. Major Equipment Summary
Page
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SGT5-PAC 4000F
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Section 1.2. Major Equipment Summary
Page
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Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
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2 Package Components and Systems
2
Package Components and Systems
2.1.
2.1.1.
2.1.2.
2.1.3.
2.1.4.
2.1.5.
2.1.6.
2.1.7.
2.1.8.
Gas Turbine .............................................................................................
Design, Configuration and Major Parts .................................................
Turbine Cooling System .........................................................................
Turbine Drainage System .......................................................................
Blow-Off System ......................................................................................
Combustion Chamber Instrumentation System ...................................
Turbine Measuring Point System ..........................................................
Service-Friendliness ...............................................................................
Operating Flexibility ................................................................................
2-5
2-5
2-12
2-13
2-14
2-15
2-17
2-20
2-21
2.2.
2.2.1.
2.2.2.
2.2.3.
2.2.4.
2.2.5.
2.2.6.
2.2.7.
2.2.8.
2.2.9.
2.2.10.
2.2.11.
2.2.12.
2.2.13.
2.2.14.
2.2.15.
2.2.16.
Gas Turbine Auxiliaries ..........................................................................
Natural Gas System ................................................................................
Natural Gas Drainage System ................................................................
Natural Gas Flow Metering for Performance Test ................................
Fuel Oil System .......................................................................................
Ignition Gas System ................................................................................
Purge Water System ...............................................................................
Sealing Air Supply System .....................................................................
NOx Water Injection System ..................................................................
Hydraulic Oil System ..............................................................................
Pneumatic System ..................................................................................
Lube and Jacking Oil System ................................................................
Hydraulic Clearance Optimization System ...........................................
Shaft Turning Gear ..................................................................................
Mobile Compressor Cleaning System ...................................................
Advanced Compressor Cleaning System .............................................
Packaging of Auxiliary Systems ............................................................
2-22
2-22
2-25
2-27
2-29
2-32
2-33
2-35
2-36
2-38
2-40
2-41
2-44
2-46
2-48
2-50
2-52
2.3.
2.3.1.
2.3.2.
2.3.3.
2.3.4.
2.3.5.
2.3.6.
Air Intake System ....................................................................................
Filter House with Filter System ..............................................................
Inlet Duct Work with Silencer System ...................................................
Anti Icing System ....................................................................................
Air Preheating System ............................................................................
Evaporative Cooling System ..................................................................
Compressor Dehumidifier ......................................................................
2-53
2-54
2-55
2-56
2-57
2-58
2-59
2.4.
2.4.1.
2.4.2.
Exhaust Gas System ...............................................................................
Exhaust Gas Diffuser ..............................................................................
Exhaust Gas Stack / Bypass Stack ........................................................
2-60
2-60
2-61
2.5.
2.5.1.
2.5.2.
2.5.3.
2.5.4.
Control System ........................................................................................
Automation System SPPA-T3000 ..........................................................
Gas Turbine Automation ........................................................................
WIN_TS Diagnostic System ....................................................................
Signal Interface to Plant Distributed Control System ..........................
2-62
2-62
2-69
2-74
2-76
2.6.
Electrical Systems ...................................................................................
2-77
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Section 2 Package Components and Systems
Page
2 -1
Application Handbook
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Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
2.6.1.
2.6.2.
2.6.3.
2.6.4.
2.6.5.
2.6.6.
2.6.7.
2.6.8.
2.6.9.
2.6.10.
2.6.11.
General Description ................................................................................
Low Voltage Systems .............................................................................
DC and Uninterruptible Power Supply Systems ..................................
SEE and SFC including Transformer ....................................................
Protection, Synchronization, Metering and Measuring .......................
Generator Connection, Neutral Connection, Current Transformers . .
Electrical Equipment Locations .............................................................
Black Boxes .............................................................................................
Control of Main Electrical Equipment ...................................................
Modes of Operation .................................................................................
Electric Motors ........................................................................................
2-77
2-79
2-83
2-86
2-90
2-96
2-97
2-99
2-100
2-101
2-102
2.7.
2.7.1.
Enclosures / Noise Protection ...............................................................
Enclosure for Gas Turbine .....................................................................
2-105
2-105
2.8.
2.8.1.
2.8.2.
Gas Detection and Fire Protection System ...........................................
Gas Detection System ............................................................................
Fire Protection System ...........................................................................
2-108
2-108
2-109
2.9.
2.9.1.
2.9.2.
2.9.3.
Generator .................................................................................................
Major Characteristics and Benefits .......................................................
Arrangement ............................................................................................
Detailed Description ................................................................................
2-110
2-110
2-111
2-112
2.10.
Generator Auxiliaries ..............................................................................
2-118
2.11.
Fin Fan Cooling Systems .......................................................................
2-119
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Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Package Components and Systems
Note:
This chapter must not be used as definition of the Siemens Turbine Package scope of supply. It describes components and system that are within the base scope of the package base
design as well as options that can be used as replacements or supplements to the base.
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Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Gas Turbine
Design, Configuration and Major Components
Main Characteristics
Siemens AG annular combustor gas turbines are single-shaft engines of a single-casing
design. They are suitable for driving the generators of base load, part load and peak load
power plants at constant speed. These engines can be used in any of the numerous variants
associated with combined-cycle applications. They are suitable for operation with gaseous or
liquid fuels.
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10
No.
Designation
No.
Designation
1
2
3
4
5
Compressor bearing housing
Compressor
Compressor vane carrier 1
Burner
Combustion chamber
6
7
8
9
10
Rotor
Main casing
Turbine
Turbine bearing housing
Turbine exhaust casing
Figure: Generic Illustration of an Annular Combustor Gas Turbine (does not reflect Mechanical Design
Details)
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Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Installation of the Gas Turbine
The overall compressor/turbine is a compact unit which is fully assembled at the
manufacturing plant. This eliminates the need for adjusting clearances during field assembly.
The casing is supported at the compressor bearing housing and on struts at the rear main
casing. The front two supports are fixed points which can be adjusted in all directions. At the
rear, the casing is supported by elastic rods as well as a center guide that permit free axial
and radial expansion of the casing.
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Internal and External Configuration
One characteristic feature of a single-casing, single-shaft gas turbine is the common rotor
shared by the compressor and turbine. It is supported in two bearings which lie outside the
pressurized region. This provides the basis for ensuring stable, correct alignment and thus
smooth running.
The pressure-retaining outer casing, which is also common to both compressor and turbine,
comprises two casing sections between the compressor bearing housing and the turbine
bearing housing.
Compressor vane carrier 1, the casting which lies immediately downstream of the compressor bearing housing, contains the first five compressor stages and the first cooling air extraction point. The main casing is the next casing item in the axial direction; it surrounds and
supports compressor vane carriers 2–4 so as to accommodate thermal expansion, contains
the second and third compressor extraction points and also supports the burners. This casing also contains the combustor and turbine vane carrier.
When bolted together, the two casing sections and compressor bearing housing form a torsionally and flexurally stiff hollow cylindrical unit which transmits all forces that occur during
transport and operation to the supports with a minimum of deformation. Horizontal casing
joints facilitate maintenance work.
The compressor bearing housing contains the combined journal and thrust bearing, which in
turn contains hydraulic means for shifting the rotor axially to optimize clearances. This bearing is supported in the flow path by six radial struts that connect it to the outer shell. The outer shell is supported on lateral paws. Air intake is via an intake shaft located upstream of the
compressor; rotor removal does not require removal or dismantling of the intake shaft.
The turbine bearing housing comprises a stiff, one-piece inner cylinder in which the turbine
bearing is supported. Five struts connect the hub directly to the outer casing. The exhaust
flow is guided by the lining of the turbine bearing housing, which is supported so as to accommodate thermal expansion; the exhaust casing connects the turbine vane carrier to the
exhaust diffuser. The turbine bearing can be removed axially in the direction of flow.
Rotor
The rotor comprises a number of discs, each of which carries one row of blades, two hollow
shafts (front and rear) as well as the torque discs located between compressor and turbine
and is held together by one central tie rod. Hirth serrations mesh at the interfaces between
discs, hollow shafts, and torque discs. These serrations center the adjacent items relative to
each other, permit unrestricted radial expansion, and transmit torque. This rotor configuration
results in a selfsupporting drum with high stiffness.
The turbine rotor is internally cooled. A portion of the compressed air is extracted from the
main flow at two inner extraction points in the compressor and at the compressor outlet and
used to cool turbine blades.
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3.1.1. Design, Configuration and Major Parts
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3.1.1.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
The first row of turbine blades requires cooling air at high pressure and is supplied with air
from the compressor outlet. This air is fed into the rotor via bores in the torque discs and
flows to the blades via bores in the first turbine disc.
The second turbine stage is cooled with air from the inner extraction point downstream of
compressor stage 12. This air is fed into the compressor disc radially inward toward the rotor
axis, then through a long, axial annular duct toward turbine disc 2 and finally flows into the
blades via bores in the turbine discs.
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The third and fourth turbine stages are both supplied with cooling air from the first internal
extraction point downstream of compressor stage 10. Just as with the cooling air supplied to
the second turbine stage, this air flow is routed in the same way through the rotor to the
blades of the third and fourth turbine stage.
This cooling air flow path ensures that the downstream compressor discs, the torque discs in
the middle section and all turbine discs are enveloped with sufficient cooling air. Enveloping
all the surfaces keeps thermal stresses low.
The relatively large cooling air mass flow through the rotor quickly warms and cools the
heavy rotor parts during startup and shutdown. Thermal expansion of the rotor coincides well
with the casing expansion and thereby allows narrow gaps that contribute to high efficiency.
All compressor and turbine blades can be removed and installed without having to dismantle
the rotor.
Vane Carriers
The compressor and turbine vanes are inserted in vane carriers; the turbine vane carriers
can be removed and installed without having to remove the rotor. After removing the upper
half, the lower vane carrier sections can be rotated 180° by using the rotor as a rollout device
and then lifted off.
The final compressor vane carrier and the turbine vane carrier are supported by the outer
casing so as to optimally allow for free thermal expansion of stationary and moving items.
Concentricity with the rotor is set in the horizontal and vertical directions by means of
eccentric bolts. Axial displacement is accommodated by a rotationally symmetric key and
keyseat connection.
The annular gaps in the compressor section permit blowing off a sufficient amount of air to
permit stable compressor operation at low speeds, particularly those encountered during the
startup and shutdown phases. Extraction of air uniformly around the circumference prevents
excitation of vibration in adjacent rows of airfoils.
Blowoff lines, each equipped with a butterflytype shutoff valve, feed this flow of air to the
exhaust diffuser.
Cooling air lines run from the extraction chambers in the compressor to the turbine vanes in
stages 2 to 4 and to the turbine bearing housing.
The inlet guides vanes (IGV) in the first row of the compressor can be rotated about their
longitudinal axis. Levers connect the pivot pins of these vanes to an adjusting ring which can
be rotated circumferentially. By varying the pitch of the IGVs, the amount of air ingested by
the compressor can be adapted to the needs of startup and shutdown as well as part load
operation. Besides IGV on the standard version, additional two variable guide vane (VGV)
rows can be installed optional. Subsequent rows of compressor vanes are rigidly fixed in
rings provided with dovetail slots; these rings are inserted in the ringshaped slots in the inner
cylindrical surface of the outer casing/vane carrier. Inner rings which form a seal between the
vanes and the rotor and also dampen vibration are fitted on both the row of IGVs with pivot
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3.1.1. Design, Configuration and Major Parts
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Page
3.1.1.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
pins and the vanes with T-roots. Removal of the stator rings together with their inner rings
creates the axial clearance between two rotor discs that is required for removing rotor
blades.
The outer shrouds of the turbine vanes are inserted into corresponding slots in the inner
cylindrical surface of the respective vane carrier. The inner shrouds of stages 2 to 4 to are
attached to segmented rings to form a seal against the rotor.
The vane carriers and all vanes in the turbine are cooled with air extracted from the
compressor. This air flows through the hollow spaces between the vane carrier and the outer
shrouds and also through the hollow airfoils. It exits stage 1 to 3 airfoils into the gas flow and
in stage 2 to 4 is used to seal the inner glands in addition to cooling.
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Combustion System
The combustion system comprises an annular combustor equipped with 24 hybrid burners.
The combustor is bounded by two shells and comprises a onepiece inner hub which
surrounds the rotor and an outer shell that is split axially at the horizontal casing joint. The
hot gas side of these three elements is lined with metallic heat shields and ceramic heat
shields to protect the shells from the flow of hot gas.
To protect the support structures from the flow of hot gas, the combustor is lined with heat
shields. Metallic heat shields are installed in the region of the burners (burner support insert)
or upstream of the turbine inlet (turbine inlet shells); impingement cooling is used to cool the
side of heat shields not exposed to the hot gas. The remainder of the annular combustor
lining is comprised mainly of ceramic heat shields. At selected locations, metallic heat shields
may also be used to serve the functions of housing the flame monitoring optics and the
opening for installation of ceramic heat shields. Cooling of the metallic heat shields is
achieved in a manner similar to the burner support inserts and turbine inlet shells, i.e., by
impingement cooling on the side not exposed to hot gas.
Where ceramic heat shields are used, these are attached to the support structure by metallic
tile holders, consequently only the tile holders must be protected against the flow of hot gas;
this is achieved by a flow of air that cools and seals the gaps between adjacent ceramic heat
shields.
Air leaving the compressor outlet diffuser envelops the combustor and a large portion of it
flows into the combustor via the 24 gas turbine burners that are spaced uniformly around the
circumference. A smaller portion of this flow is required to cool the metallic heat shields and
seal the gaps between ceramic heat shields.
Siemens developed gas turbine burners to enable combustion of fuels with a very diverse
range of composition.
The detailed configuration of the gas turbine burners is stipulated after technical clarification
by Siemens as a function of the projectspecific requirements. A fundamental distinction is
drawn between single-fuel and multi-fuel burners. The essential differences lie in the number
and type of nozzle systems implemented through which the fuel/fuels is/are injected into the
combustion air.
The modular design of the gas turbine burners makes it possible to select a burner
configuration in line with the fuel and fuel grades used that achieves both extremely low
pollutant emissions levels (nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide) as well as stable
combustion over a wide output range.
Homogeneous mixing of fuel and combustion air ensures uniform temperature distribution at
the outlet of the combustor to the turbine.
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Section 2.1.1.
3.1.1. Design, Configuration and Major Parts
2 -9 -5
Page
3.1.1.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
The combustor is accessible via manholes in the main casing and in the outer shell. Heat
shields, burners, and the parts in the first stage of the turbine can be inspected and, if
necessary, removed via these manholes.
Thermal Insulation
Gas turbine insulation minimizes thermal losses and vibration and protects the cold outer
surface of the gas turbine from moisture.
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CONFIGURATION AND FUNCTIONAL PRINCIPLE
The insulation encloses components of the gas turbine that are subjected to thermal input,
from the compressor vane carrier 1 (interface to the IGV actuating mechanisms) and
extending to the turbine exhaust manifold (interface to the exhaust diffuser) as well as the air
and fuel lines. For technical reasons, it is necessary to omit insulation of parts in some
regions of the gas turbine.
Insulation provides a certain degree of noise abatement although this is in principle achieved
by a separate acoustic enclosure.
The gas turbine is insulated using flexible mattresses constructed of insulating pillows that
are tailored to GT contours. The insulation encloses all components that are subjected to
thermal loadings and is provided in one or more layers.
Insulation of the compressor inlet casing is optional. It is only required at temperatures below
-20° C if no encapsulation is provided.
A sheet metal box fitted with internal insulation encloses the region of the inlet guide vanes.
Insulation is provided in one layer over the casings. As a general rule, adjacent pillows are in
contact with one another at oblique joints. This increases the joint contact surface area, and
improves thermal sealing by preventing the formation of gaps between the insulating
elements. This protects electric and electronic components mounted on the machine against
overheating.
Insulation of the turbine exhaust casing and turbine exhaust manifold is constructed of
several layers with different insulating properties due to the higher thermal loadings involved.
DURABILITY
The outer surface of mattresses has a moisture-repellent coating. This facilitates removal of
any soiling that occurs without the ingress of water or dirt into the insulating material. To
prevent damage to the insulation caused by boot traffic, step reinforcements must be
provided.
THERMAL LOSSES
The insulation reduces the amount of thermal energy radiated by the gas turbine. All
interferences such as engine openings, measuring instruments, burner piping, etc. are
allowed for when defining insulation geometry. Mattresses are designed such that no gaps
are formed when the engine undergoes thermal expansion.
MATERIAL
Mattresses are constructed of several layers of insulating material and are comprised of
needled mineral wool mats or mechanically-needled silicate or fiberglass mats. Pipes are
insulated with mineral fiber shells, mineral fiber plates or Microtherm mats.
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Section 2.1.1.
3.1.1. Design, Configuration and Major Parts
2 -10 -6
Page
3.1.1.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Pillows installed on the outer shell are constructed of high-temperature fabric with siliconecoated glass fiber fabric used on their outer side.
Mattresses should be quilted to stabilize the insulation layers and also to ensure geometric
stability. Mattresses comply with the shape and size requirements stipulated in the applicable
industrial safety regulations. The maximum weight of one mattress shall not exceed 25 kg.
Strap systems are used to connect adjoining mattresses. The connecting elements are
designed to ensure that they do not damage mattresses and that no insulation material can
escape.
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RETAINER SYSTEM
Retainers are adapted to the thickness of the insulation material and only their tips extend
beyond the surface of the insulation. The former must be thermally insulated from the casing
to prevent heat transfer. The components must be constructed of non-rusting material to
prevent soiling of the exterior of the insulation. The retainer design allows for the thermal
expansion of the respective parts. This prevents formation of gaps between mattresses
during operation.
Adjacent mattresses are attached to each other, thereby preventing shifting or gaping. The
retainer system is designed so as to attach adjacent items to each other without the use of
great force. This reduces the tendency of mattresses to tear and self-destruct.
The retainer system design allows for the temperature differences to the casing. Means used
to attach retainers is geared to the type and design of the casing in question. In other casing
regions the only other restrictions are imposed by any interferences that are present. The
retainer concept is designed such that the mattresses are firmly in contact with the casing
sections at all times.
No.
Designation
1
2
Insulation mats
Retainers
Figure: Generic Illustration of an Annular Combustor Gas Turbine (does not reflect Mechanical Design
Details)
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Page
3.1.1.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Turbine Cooling System
Task and Function
Turbine parts subjected to high thermal loadings are cooled with air extracted from the compressor. Efficient cooling is achieved by implementation of cooling air control adapted to the
operating mode.
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Configuration
Cooling air at defined pressures is required for cooling airfoils in the various turbine stages
(vanes and blades). Regulated and unregulated flows of cooling air are extracted from the
compressor (1) and fed to the turbine (2) via external extraction lines (3). Optimized cooling
air extraction with cooling air control dampers (4) ensures under all operating conditions that
only the amount of cooling air required is fed to the airfoils.
No.
Designation
No.
Designation
1
2
Compressor
Turbine
3
4
Extraction lines
Cooling air control dampers
Figure: Turbine Cooling System (schematic)
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Section 2.1.2.
3.1.2. Turbine Cooling System
Page
2
-12 -1
3.1.2.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Turbine Drainage System
Task and Function
Cleaning fluid sprayed into the compressor during the cleaning operation collects at several
locations in the gas turbine and is drained off using the drainage system. Cleaning fluid fed
into the header must be routed away. In addition, drain nozzles are provided to permit draining of uncombusted fuel oil residues from the combustion chamber following a failed fuel oil
start.
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Configuration
Cleaning fluid collects at various locations of the compressor (1) and turbine (2) and is
drained off via pipes (3 and 5) and fed into a header (4). This fluid is drained out of the
header for disposal (B). In addition, uncombusted fuel oil is routed away through the drain
nozzles (5) and solenoid valves (6 to 10) for separate disposal (A, C) following a failed fuel
oil start.
No.
Designation
No.
Designation
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Compressor
Turbine
Pipes for cleaning fluid
Header
Drain nozzles for uncombusted fuel oil
2/2 solenoid valve
2/2 solenoid valve
8
9
10
2/2 solenoid valve
2/2 solenoid valve
2/2 solenoid valve
A
B
C
Disposal of uncombusted fuel oil
Disposal of spent cleaning fluid
Disposal of uncombusted fuel oil
Figure: Turbine Drainage System (schematic)
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Section 2.1.3.
3.1.3. Turbine Drainage System
2 -13 -1
Page
3.1.3.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Blow-Off System
Task and Function
Possible interruptions in the flow of air through the compressor are prevented using the blowoff valves and piping system during the startup and shutdown phases when passing through
speed ranges that lie below rated speed.
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Configuration
The blow-off lines (2) are connected to various extraction points on the compressor (1) to
blow off or bleed air. The lines open into the exhaust (5) duct downstream of the turbine (4).
Each blow-off line is equipped with a pneumatically-controlled butterfly-type blow-off valve (3)
that can be actuated in the open or close direction as appropriate to the gas turbine operating mode.
No.
Designation
No.
Designation
1
2
3
Compressor
Blow-off line
Butterfly-type blow-off valve
4
5
Turbine
Exhaust duct
Figure: Blow-Off System (schematic)
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Section 2.1.4.
3.1.4. Blow-Off System
2 -14 -1
Page
3.1.4.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Combustion Chamber Instrumentation System
Task and Function
This overview depicts the function of instruments allocated to the combustion chamber.
These instruments are used to measure pressures in the combustion chamber and monitor
combustion processes and flame behavior. Settings of switching-type measuring instruments
will be provided in the List of Measuring Instruments. Limits for measurements will be provided in the List of Closed- and Open-loop Control Equipment.
Configuration
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COMBUSTION CHAMBER DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE
Monitoring of pressure is necessary during operation of the gas turbine to detect changes in
the flow cross sections and in the flow of air to the burners (3). Furthermore, details on the
condition of the combustion chamber (2) can be derived. Measurement of the differential
pressure (5) between the connections located downstream of the compressor (1) and upstream of the turbine (10), as well as measurement of the compressor outlet pressure (6) are
used to calculate combustion chamber pressure.
FLAME MONITORING
The task of flame monitoring (9) is to detect the presence of flames in the combustion chamber. To do end, flame sensors are mounted on the casing; their signals are processed in the
associated evaluation units that are used to control actuation of the fuel shutoff valves.
MONITORING OF ACCELERATION IN THE COMBUSTION CHAMBER
The physical effects of combustion phenomena are registered by instruments in the combustion chamber. Pressure (7) and acceleration (8) measurements quantify changes and these
data are used for analysis and optimization purposes.
IGNITION SYSTEM
To generate an electric arc for igniting flames directly at the burner, each burner is equipped
with electric spark electrodes (4). An arc formed between the burner’s two electrodes ignites
the gas.
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Section 2.1.5.
3.1.5. Combustion Chamber Instrumentation
System
Page
2
-15 -1
3.1.5.
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Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
No.
Designation
No.
Designation
1
2
3
4
5
6
Compressor
Combustion chamber
Burner
Spark electrodes
Differential pressure measurement across CC
Compressor outlet pressure measurement
7
8
9
10
A
Pressure measurement
Acceleration measurement
Flame monitor
Turbine
Fuel connections on the burner
Figure: Combustion Chamber Instrumentation System (schematic)
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Section 2.1.5.
3.1.5. Combustion Chamber Instrumentation
System
Page
2
-16 -2
3.1.5.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Turbine Measuring Point System
Task and Function
This document gives an overview of the measuring points located directly at the turbine. Turbine shaft speed, vibration, temperature, pressures, and position data are acquired with the
aid of these measuring devices. Settings of the switching-type measuring instruments will be
provided in the List of Measuring Instruments. Limits for the measurements will be provided
in the List of Closed- and Open-loop Control Equipment.
Configuration
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SPEED MEASUREMENT
Turbine-generator shaft speed is measured by electronic sensors (2). Slots are machined in
the cylindrical surface of the shaft near the compressor bearing, the speed sensors generate
a pulse each time the land between two adjacent slots passes by. The rotating shaft causes
sensors to output a signal with a frequency equal to the product of the number of slots and
the shaft speed. These output signals undergo further processing in the speed monitoring
systems and the gas turbine controller; in addition they are used for displaying shaft speed.
CASING VIBRATION MEASUREMENT
Casing vibrations are measured near the turbine bearing (17) and near the compressor bearing (5) using vibration pickups. The transmitter signal is used by a processor module to calculate the effective vibration velocity, which is then output as a signal that undergoes further
processing in the control system.
SHAFT VIBRATION MEASUREMENT
Shaft vibration measurement data are used to depict shaft vibration behavior on a display.
Shaft vibration measurement is performed in the region of the turbine bearing (19) and the
compressor bearing (7).
The signal output by shaft vibration instrumentation is displayed on a monitor and recorded.
The turbine shaft rotational angle (1) is measured and indicated as a vector of shaft vibration
relative to a reference point.
BEARING TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT
The bearing temperature of the shaft at the compressor end is measured at the journal (9)
and thrust (4, 6, 8, and 10) bearing surfaces and at the turbine end journal (18).
COMPRESSOR INLET TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT
Temperature sensor (12) located at the compressor inlet is used to measure the temperature
of the air ingested. The temperature signal from these sensors is used to calculate the average compressor inlet temperature.
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Section 2.1.6.
3.1.6. Turbine Measuring Point System
Page
2
-17 -1
3.1.6.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
COMPRESSOR OUTLET TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE MEASUREMENT
Compressor outlet temperature and pressure are measured with temperature sensors (15)
and pressure transducers (16). These measured data can be displayed on the turbinegenerator control console and recorded, and are used for numerous calculations and evaluation logic functions.
TURBINE OUTLET TEMPERATURE
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Turbine exhaust temperature is measured immediately downstream of the turbine using temperature sensors (20). The temperature signal is required by the gas turbine controller as a
control variable for controlling exhaust temperature and for temperature protection.
COMPRESSOR INLET GUIDE VANE PITCH ADJUSTMENT
The compressor is equipped with one row of variable-pitch inlet guide vanes (IGV). Changing
the pitch of these vanes regulates the mass flow of air through the compressor and turbine.
This makes it possible to extend the operating range of the burners and influence the turbine
outlet temperature.
Inlet guide vanes is controlled using a position controller that issues position signals to the
IGV actuator, thus setting the pitch of the compressor inlet guide vanes accordingly. Position
transmitter (11) registers IGV pitch, which is displayed on the turbine-generator control console.
PRESSURE AND DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE UPSTREAM OF THE COMPRESSOR
Pressure upstream of the compressor is measured by a pressure transducer (13). The output
signal of this pressure transducer is used to calculate the compressor pressure ratio and is
fed into the gas turbine control system.
Pressure drop between the intake duct and compressor inlet is measured by differential pressure switches (14) for compressor surge protection functions.
HYDRAULIC CLEARANCE OPTIMIZATION (HCO)
The axial position of the shaft is monitored by position sensors (3).
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Section 2.1.6.
3.1.6. Turbine Measuring Point System
Page
2
-18 -2
3.1.6.
Application Handbook
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Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
No.
Designation
No.
Designation
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Shaft rotational angle measurement
Speed sensor
Position sensor, HCO
Temperature sensor, thrust bearing
Vibration sensor, bearing housing
Temperature sensor, thrust bearing
Vibration sensor, compressor end of shaft
Temperature sensor, thrust bearing
Temperature sensor, journal bearing
Temperature sensor, thrust bearing
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Position transmitter, IGV pitch angle
Temperature sensor, compressor inlet
Pressure transducer, upstream of compressor
Differential pressure switch, intake duct
Temperature sensor, compressor outlet
Pressure transducer, compressor outlet
Vibration sensor, bearing housing
Temperature sensor, journal bearing
Vibration sensor, turbine end of shaft
Temperature sensor, turbine exhaust casing
Figure: Turbine Measuring Point System (schematic)
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Section 2.1.6.
3.1.6. Turbine Measuring Point System
Page
2
-19 -3
3.1.6.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Service-Friendliness
The service-friendly design provides less business interruption and higher availability.
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Easy inspections without uncovering of the turbine are possible due to access to parts of
the engine via manholes and ports for borescopic inspection:
–
The combustion chamber is accessible, directly visible and can be readily inspected via
the manhole on the combustion chamber. That allows simple replacement of individual
combustion chamber wall elements such as heat shields and burner supports.
–
The burners are also readily accessible outside from the outer combustor shell.
–
First turbine stage can be accessed and inspected via the manhole on the combustion
chamber.
–
Last turbine stages can be accessed via the manhole at the exhaust cylinder.
–
First compressor stages can be accessed and inspected via the manhole in the intake
structure.
–
Borescopic inspection ports allow visual inspection of compressor rotor blades and vanes
without lifting covers.
Easy inspections with uncovering of the turbine are possible:
–
Good accessibility of all items is provided by horizontal casing joints
–
Individual rotor blades in both the compressor and turbine can be replaced with the rotor
in place.
–
Upper and lower sections of the stationary turbine blade carrier can be removed with the
rotor in place.
–
Compressor and turbine bearings can be removed with the rotor in place.
–
Rotor removal does not require removal or dismantling of the intake shaft.
General design features for less maintenance requirements include:
–
Rotor is of a robust disk and tie bolt design, cooling of disks minimizes thermal stresses
and cyclic material fatigue.
–
Individual turbine vanes minimize thermal stresses and cyclic material fatigue
–
No damping elements in the hot gas path
–
High startup torques and therefore moderate startup temperatures with rapid acceleration
mean that natural frequency speeds are passed through quickly.
(More details on maintenance inspections in Chapter “Service Aspects”)
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Section 2.1.7.
3.1.7. Service-Friendliness
2 -20 -1
Page
3.1.7.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Operating Flexibility
Fuel flexibility: Natural gas, light distillate fuel oil, naphtha and condensates can be used.
The optional engine design* increases the Wobbe design value tolerance to about ±15% for
preheated fuel gas. Optional project specific hardware may be needed.
On-line fuel changeover: Switching from operation on natural gas to fuel oil and vice versa
is possible during operation of the engine at reduced load.
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Low-Emissions Part load operation: Capability of low loads down to about 45% of rated
power with low-NOx and low-CO emissions. Part load turbine outlet temperature can be increased for improved turn-down.
The optional engine design* allows tuning low-emissions operation down to 38% of rated
power.
Fast Output Changes during operation (heat soaked engine) within inlet guide vane modulation range (about 45-100% GT load) are possible with a loading gradient of 50 MW/min.
Fast Start-Up: The engine has a standard start-up time of about 31 min and optional fast
start-up of about 17 min. Estimated values given above are from turning gear speed to full
load, at ISO conditions, including synchronization, loading with typically 13 or 30 MW/min.
Frequency stabilization: Fluctuations in the grid frequency demand substantial, fast load
changes to stabilize the grid. The engine is capable of output increases and reductions of up
to 3%/s at certain load levels by simultaneous actuation of fuel valves and variation of the
inlet guide vane pitch.
Operation at overspeed and underspeed is tolerated within the range of about 95 to 104%.
Broader frequency ranges are possible for limited time periods.
Load rejection capability: A load rejection involves a sudden drop in the power delivered
from full load to zero or very low load (“house load”) when the generator is disconnected from
the grid. Re-connection to grid can be conducted a short time after load rejection.
Load rejections to 10% load (e.g. desalination units) can be handled also. Project specific
load rejection to higher target loads is also possible.
* 2 stages of compressor variable guide vanes in addition to inlet guide vanes and 4-stage burners
instead of 2-stage burners
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Section 2.1.8.
3.1.8. Operating Flexibility
Page
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-21 -1
3.1.8.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Gas Turbine Auxiliaries
Natural Gas System
Task and Function
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The natural gas system supplies the burners with natural gas and controls the volume of this
fuel that flows into the combustion chamber. The natural gas supplied must meet requirements imposed for gas turbine fuels. Downstream of the natural gas emergency stop valve,
the main natural gas line splits into separate lines for premix and pilot gas. The function
valves (e.g., control and emergency stop valves) are mounted in a compact configuration on
the natural gas package.
Configuration
Depending on the available natural gas pressure, the required natural gas qualities and natural gas preheating, different arrangements of the natural gas system are possible. These
differences pertain to the configuration of the pilot gas supply system. The actual configuration of the system is stipulated after technical clarification of all parameters has been completed.
The natural gas emergency stop valve (2) located downstream of the natural gas strainer (1)
functions as the first shutoff element and the corresponding control valve (premix (4) and
pilot gas (5)) as the second shutoff element. A pressure relief valve (3) is provided between
the first and second shutoff elements to fully depressurize the pipe between these shutoff
elements when they are closed. The first and second shutoff elements, together with the
pressure relief valve, constitute the gas lock, which is provided to reliably isolate the gas system. Downstream of the natural gas package, two separate gas supply lines empty into corresponding ring lines; branch lines connect these ring lines to the individual burners (6).
Natural gas control valves regulate the corresponding mass flow of fuel.
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Section 2.2.1.
3.2.1. Natural Gas System
Page
2
-22 -1
3.2.1.
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Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
No.
Designation
No.
Designation
1
2
3
4
Natural gas strainer
Natural gas emergency stop valve
Pressure relief valve
Premix control valve
5
6
A
B
Pilot gas control valve
Burner
Pilot gas ring line
Premix ring line
Figure: Natural Gas System
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Section 2.2.1.
3.2.1. Natural Gas System
Page
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-23 -2
3.2.1.
Application Handbook
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Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
No:
Designation
No:
Designation
1
2
NG strainer
Natural gas emergency stop
valve
Pressure relief valve
Control valve premix stage A
Control valve pilot gas stage 1
6
7
Control valve premix stage B
Control valve pilot gas stage 2
8
A, C
B, D
Burners
Premix ring lines
Pilot gas ring lines
3
4
5
Figure: Natural gas system for 4-stage burner option
Siemens Energy Sector
AHB54FGTPACR10 / Rev:
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Section 2.2.1.
3.2.1. Natural Gas System
Page
2
-24 -3
3.2.1.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Natural Gas Drainage System
Task and Function
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During operation of the gas turbine on fuel oil, condensation forms in those natural gas connecting lines between the natural gas package and the ring lines as well as the natural gas
control valves through which no medium is flowing. This condensate is fed into a drainage
tank. Ignition gas and natural gas as well as fuel oil may enter the drainage tank along with
the condensate. The gas separates from the liquid in the drainage tank, escapes via venvalve and is released to the atmosphere. The liquid collects in the tank and is drained off
through a solenoid valve to the downstream system. The drain valves are automatically actuated as appropriate to the gas turbine operating mode.
Configuration
Depending on the operating mode of the gas turbine, the condensation that has accumulated
in the respective line (A or B) is routed into the drainage tank (5) via the respective drain
valve (1 or 2). Venting valve (3) is used to vent this tank. The safety valve (4) protects the
drainage system against excessive pressures. The drain valve (6) is used to route liquid from
the drainage tank into a downstream system.
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Section 2.2.2.
3.2.2. Natural Gas Drainage System
2 -25 -1
Page
3.2.2.
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Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
No.
Designation
No.
Designation
1
2
3
4
Premix line drain valve
Pilot gas line drain valve
Venting valve
Safety valve
5
6
A
B
Drainage tank
Tank drain valve
Drainage from premix line
Drainage from pilot gas line
Figure: Natural Gas Drainage System (Schematic)
AHB54FGTPACR10
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Section 2.2.2.
3.2.2. Natural Gas Drainage System
2 -26 -2
Page
3.2.2.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Natural Gas Flow Metering for Performance Test
Task
The performance test meter measures the fuel gas consumption of each gas turbine for performance test purposes.
Configuration
DESIGN BASIS
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The metering line is designed according to the following criteria:
–
Pipe work and fittings are rated with ANSI 300.
–
The design considers European standards.
–
The metering line is tagged (_EKG60) using the identification code according to KKS
identification system.
–
The metering device provided by Supplier (turbine flow meter) is part of a metering skid.
Purchaser shall be responsible for the skid integration of the turbine flow meter as well as
for the completion of the skid.
–
The design of the finished metering skid, provided by Purchaser, must strictly follow the
Specification for Natural Gas Fuel Flow Measurement of Siemens Gas Turbines, released
by Siemens Energy.
DESCRIPTION
The performance test metering line consists of a 5D inlet flow path and the turbine flow meter. The inlet flow path with internal flow straightener and the flow meter are fix-connected
and high pressure calibrated by an independent laboratory.
The flow straightener (perforated plate type) is used to minimize the swirl and the pulsation of
the gas flow to support a high metering precision.
Figure: Overview on the Fuel Gas Flow Metering
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Section 2.2.3.
3.2.3. Natural Gas Flow Metering for Performance
Test
2 -27 -1
Page
3.2.3.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
During the initial phase a replacement spool piece has to be installed instead of the metering
device with connected inlet flow path. Only after finishing erection, commissioning and sufficient cleaning of the system, the spool piece can be replaced by the flow meter.
A start-up strainer, used to protect the turbine flow meter during the initial phase, is also provided and must be installed upstream of the metering line.
The flow meter is designed for performance test metering purposes only. After the performance test the metering line should be replaced by a spool piece to minimize the pressure loss
in the system.
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Depending on the project specific gas temperature, the performance test meter can be designed with a turbine flow meter or an orifice flow meter.
At the inlet and the outlet two counter flanges are provided for easy integration. The metering
line is prepared for connecting temperature and pressure gauges required by the engineer
on the occasion of the gas turbine performance test.
To finalize the metering skid meeting the specification for natural gas fuel flow measurement
of Siemens’ gas turbines, Purchaser shall provide the following:
–
Support base frame with fixing material
–
Inlet ball valve, full bore, with filling bypass
–
Outlet ball valve
–
Several pipe segments, e.g. 10D inlet flow path assembled directly upstream of the 5D
inlet flow path and the connected turbine flow meter. No flow disturbances like e.g.
changes in pipe diameters or inline components like filters are allowed between the inlet
to the 10D inlet flow path and the flow meter
–
Purge connection
–
Vent line
–
Insulating flange set for electrical isolation upstream of the metering line in case the gas
pipe is not grounded
Figure: Fuel Gas Flow Metering for Performance Test
Siemens Energy Sector
AHB54FGTPACR10
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Section 2.2.3.
3.2.3. Natural Gas Flow Metering for Performance
Test
2 -28 -2
Page
3.2.3.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Fuel Oil System
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Task and Function
The fuel oil system supplies the burners with fuel oil and controls the amount injected into the
combustion chamber. The supply of fuel oil must meet requirements imposed for gas turbine
fuels. The fuel oil system branches into two subsystems downstream fo the injection pump,
one for supplying the diffusion burners (DB) in diffusion mode and one for supplying the
premix burners (PB) in premix mode. The fuel oil diffusion system comprises a supply line
(forwarding fuel oil to the burners that are controlled by the return flow) and a return line (for
returning the fuel oil that is not injected). The DB return line control valve is used to regulate
the return line pressure and thus control the amount of fuel returned and the amount that is
injected. Premix mode is controlled using the PB control valve in the supply line. Both
subsystems (diffusion and premix) are activated during operation in premix mode. The
function valves (e.g., control and emergency stop valves) are of a compact design and
mounted on the fuel oil package.
Configuration
The prefiltered fuel is supplied to the fuel oil system at (D). Fuel oil flows through the duplextype fuel oil filter (1) that removes solids which could impair the function of downstream
components. The pressure accumulators (2) dampen any pressure peaks that occur. The
injection pump (3) boosts fuel oil pressure to the level required for atomization in the burners
(22). When the injection pump is running, minimum-flow valve (23) routes a certain volume
flow into the return line when the supply line flow is too low. Excessive heatup of the injection
pump is prevented in this manner. The volume flow rates in the individual branches are
measured by flow meters (6, 11, 16).
DIFFUSION AND PREMIX SYSTEM
The two supply lines for the DB and PB are configured identically. The task of supply line
emergency stop valves is (4, 14) to enable or shut off the flow of fuel oil to the respective
burners during startup and shutdown. The supply line control valves (5, 15) function as
control valves to regulate the flow of fuel oil supplied to the respective burners and also
function as an emergency stop valves to shut off flow into the supply line.
Filters (7, 17) installed upstream of the fuel oil ring lines protect the fuel oil burners against
impermissible soiling. Fuel oil from the DB or PB supply line is distributed to the burners via
ring lines (9, 18).
Purge water lines (A1, A2) are connected at the highest point a short distance upstream of
the ring lines; after deactivation of diffusion or premix mode, purge water is supplied via the
connection to the respective ring line and burners.
In addition to the supply lines, one sealing air line (B) fitted with a sealing air ball cock (8, 19)
is also connected to each ring line. The fuel oil systems that are shut down are supplied with
sealing air to prevent circulation of hot gases between the burners.
Fuel oil returned from the burners in diffusion mode flows through branch lines into the return
ring line (10). Water is supplied for filling the fuel oil DB return line via the purge water
connection (A3); this prevents the ingress of hot gases into the return line and thus
overheating of the burners on changeover from operation on natural gas to operation on fuel
oil. DB return line emergency stop valve (12) has the function of enabling or shutting off flow
Siemens Energy Sector
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Section 2.2.4.
3.2.4. Fuel Oil System
Page
2
-29 -1
3.2.4.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
through the return line. The return line control valve (13) has the task of regulating the
amount of fuel injected in diffusion mode. The amount of fuel injected in diffusion mode is the
difference between the supply line flow and the return line flow. The DB return line control
valve also functions as a leak-tight second shutoff element. Whenever control action closes
the DB return line emergency stop valve, the DB control valve also closes.
LEAKAGE OIL RETURN FLOW
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The leakage oil tank (21) accepts the flow of leakage oil (C) returned from components of the
fuel oil system. Leakage oil pump (20) forwards oil into the auxiliary return line when the oil
level exceeds the maximum level.
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Section 2.2.4.
3.2.4. Fuel Oil System
Page
2
-30 -2
3.2.4.
Application Handbook
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Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
No.
Designation
No.
Designation
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Fuel oil duplex filter
Pressure accumulator
Injection pump
Emergency stop valve (DB)
Control valve (DB)
Flow meter (DB)
Filter (DB)
Sealing air ball cock (DB)
Ring line (DB)
Return ring line (DB)
Flow meter (DB return line)
Return line emergency stop valve (DB)
Return line control valve (DB)
Emergency stop valve (PB)
Control valve (PB)
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
A1
A2
A3
B
C
D
Flow meter (PB)
Fine filter (PB)
Ring line (PB)
Sealing air ball cock (PB)
Leakage oil pump
Leakage oil tank
Burner
Minimum-flow valve
Purge water
Purge water
Purge water
Sealing air
Drains to leakage oil tank
Fuel oil
Figure: Fuel Oil System (Schematic)
Siemens Energy Sector
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Section 2.2.4.
3.2.4. Fuel Oil System
Page
2
-31 -3
3.2.4.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Ignition Gas System
Task and Function
The ignition sequence during startup of the gas turbine is completely automatic. Fuel oil is
ignited by ignition gas flames that are in turn generated using electric arcs. During startup of
the turbine, ignition gas is supplied by the ignition gas system to establish the ignition flames
at the burners. The supply of ignition gas is terminated as soon as fuel oil flames burn stably.
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Configuration
Ignition gas is taken from the supply (1). The trace heater (2) prevents ignition gas from condensing. Ignition gas valves (2, 5) are provided to shut off the flow of ignition gas. Together
with the ignition gas relief valve (4) they constitute a vented gas seal. The ignition gas valve
(2) functions as the first shutoff element. The pressure control valve (3), the ignition gas relief
valve (3), and the second ignition gas valve (5) are mounted on the ignition gas package.
The pressure control valve regulates the ignition gas pressure and ensures a constant flow of
ignition gas regardless of the supply pressure.
No.
Designation
No.
Designation
1
2
3
4
Ignition gas supply
Trace heating
Ignition gas valve
Pressure control valve
5
6
Relief valve
Ignition gas valve
A
To burners
Figure: Ignition Gas System (Schematic)
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Section 2.2.5.
3.2.5. Ignition Gas System
Page
2
-32 -1
3.2.5.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Purge Water System
Task and Function
The purge water system has the task of supplying purge water (demineralized water) for a
variety of purposes. Purge water is required for changeover operations between the operation of the gas turbine in fuel oil premix mode and fuel oil diffusion mode. The purging operation cleans the oil burners to prevent coking of fuel oil residues. In addition, purge water can
also be used for certain fuel oil system cooling and filling operations.
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Configuration
Most items of the purge water system are mounted on a package unit that includes the associated piping. After each purging operation, the purge water tank (2) is completely refilled via
the supply line (1). Water passes from the tank to the purge water strainer (3). The purge
water pump (4) is located downstream of the strainer. A flow meter (5) monitors the flow
through this line. Downstream of the purge water package the line is split into three
branches. Two pneumatically-actuated valves (6, 7) are installed in each of these three lines
to enable or shut off flow. The flow path corresponds to the various purge modes: to the diffusion burner return line (B), to the diffusion burner supply line (A) and to the premix burner
ring line (C).
Purge Modes
1.
On changeover from fuel oil diffusion mode to premix mode the nozzles of the premix
burners must be cooled.
2.
After changeover from fuel oil premix mode to diffusion mode the nozzles of the premix
burners must be purged to remove all fuel oil residues from the burners.
3.
After deactivation of diffusion mode the nozzles of the diffusion burners must be purged
to remove all fuel oil residues from the burners.
4.
When changing over from operation on natural gas to operation on fuel oil, the return
line from the fuel oil diffusion burners must be filled prior to opening the return line emergency stop valve. This prevents the ingress of hot gases into the return line and thus
overheating of the burners.
Siemens Energy Sector
AHB54FGTPACR10
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12 (11/2016)
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Section 2.2.6.
3.2.6. Purge Water System
2 -33 -1
Page
3.2.6.
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Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
No.
Designation
No.
Designation
1
2
3
4
5
Purge water supply line
Purge water tank
Purge water strainer
Purge water pump
Purge water flow meter
6
7
A
B
C
Pneumatic valve
Pneumatic valve
To return line from diffusion burners
To supply line for diffusion burners
To premix ring line
Figure: Purge Water System (Schematic)
AHB54FGTPACR10
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Section 2.2.6.
3.2.6. Purge Water System
2 -34 -2
Page
3.2.6.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Sealing Air Supply
Task and Function
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In the case of gas turbines that are equipped with fuel oil burners, these burners are actively
cooled with air extracted from the compressor outlet to prevent overheating of or damage to
the burner tips when the machine is operated on natural gas. During operation on natural gas
seal air is blown through the fuel oil diffusion and fuel oil premix burners. During operation in
fuel oil diffusion mode seal air only flows through the premix nozzles. The seal air system is
shut down during operation on fuel oil in premix mode (fuel oil diffusion and premix burner
systems are active). Air diverted through the seal air extraction nozzles at the compressor
outlet is cooled in a cooler. Seal air temperature is held at a constant setpoint in all load conditions by a variable-speed fan controller.
Configuration
Air extracted from the compressor outlet is used as seal air (A). After extraction from the
compressor outlet seal air is passed through a pipe to the cooler (3). Ambient air (B) used as
the cooling medium is fed through a filter (1) by the cooler fan (2) and then discharged to the
atmosphere. Depending on the operating mode, seal air is blown through the fuel oil diffusion
(E) and/or fuel oil premix (D) burners.
No.
Designation
No.
Designation
1
2
3
Filter
Fan
Cooler
B
C
D
A
Compressor outlet air
E
Ambient air
Cooling air discharge
(Cooled) Air from compressor outlet to fuel oil
premix burners
(Cooled) Air from compressor outlet to fuel oil
premix burners
Figure: Sealing Air Supply (Schematic)
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Section 2.2.7.
3.2.7. Sealing Air Supply System
Page
2
-35 -1
3.2.7.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
NOX Water Injection System
Task and Function
During operation in fuel oil water emulsion mode the NOX water injection system supplies the
amount of water required for NOX control into the fuel oil supply line diffusion burner (FO DB)
system and the fuel oil premix burner (FO PB) system. Emulsion mode renders flame temperatures more uniform and thereby suppresses formation of nitrogen oxides (NOX). At the
same time, the gas turbine output achievable in emulsion mode increases.
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The (demineralized) water supplied must meet requirements imposed for gas turbine operating media.
Configuration
Most items of the NOX water system are mounted on a package unit that includes the associated piping. Water flows to the filter (2) via the supply line (1). This filter removes solids
which could impair the function of downstream components. The injection pump (4) is used
to boost water pressure to the level required for injection of emulsion into the combustion
chamber. The minimum flow rate of the injection pump is monitored by a flow meter (3).
The automatic recirculation check valve (5) functions as a check valve and minimum-flow
valve. In minimum flow mode, the automatic recirculation check valve directs water into the
minimum flow water return line (C). Excessive heat-up of the NOX water injection pump is
prevented in this manner.
The two supply lines for the FO DB emulsion and FO PB emulsion are configured identically.
Each piping train is supplied with a dual-element shutoff for the supply of water to the fuel oil
system. In each of these lines, the dual-element shutoff comprises a hydraulically-actuated
emergency stop valve (6, 9) and a hydraulically-actuated combined control/emergency stop
valve (7, 10). The combined control/emergency stop valves (7, 10) have the task of regulating the amount of water to be injected and to rapidly shut off the flow of water when trip is
triggered. The volume flow rates in the individual branches are measured by flow meters (8,
11).
In each case, water is supplied to the respective fuel oil system at a point near the combustion chamber that is a short distance upstream of the respective ring line. Mixing the fuel oil
with water is achieved with the aid of a static mixer. The fuel oil return line shutoff valve is
closed during operation in emulsion mode.
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Section 2.2.8.
3.2.8. NOx Water Injection System
Page
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-36 -1
3.2.8.
Application Handbook
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Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
No.
Designation
No.
Designation
1
2
3
Supply line
Filter
Flow meter
8
9
10
4
5
6
7
Injection pump
Automatic recirculation check valve
Emergency stop valve (FO DB emulsion)
Combined control and emergency stop valve
(FO DB emulsion)
11
A
B
C
Flow meter
Emergency stop valve (FO PB emulsion)
Combined control and emergency stop valve
(FO PB emulsion)
Flow meter
Supply line to fuel oil diffusion burners (FO DB)
Supply line to fuel oil premix burners (FO PB)
Minimum flow water return line
Figure: NOX Water Injection System (Schematic)
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Section 2.2.8.
3.2.8. NOx Water Injection System
Page
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-37 -2
3.2.8.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Hydraulic Oil System
Task and Function
The hydraulic oil system provides pressurized hydraulic oil for operating the actuators in the
auxiliary components. The system is of compact design and skid-mounted.
Configuration
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All components of the hydraulic oil system are mounted on the hydraulic oil tank (1), yielding
a compact unit. The hydraulic oil system comprises a duty pump (2) and an identical-design
standby pump (3), the two hydraulic accumulators (4, 5), and the supply line filters (6, 7).
The duty pump forwards hydraulic oil through the supply line filter to the hydraulic actuators.
The hydraulic oil accumulators are designed such that they can reliably manage a pump
changeover (from duty pump to standby pump) and a concurrent severe demand imposed by
the control system on the hydraulic actuators of fuel control valves.
The combined cooling and purification loop comprises the secondary loop pumps (10, 11),
equipped with the oil-air cooler (8), and the return line filter (9) that performs the main hydraulic oil filtration function. The task of this secondary loop is to maintain an optimal hydraulic oil temperature and keep the system free of debris by constantly circulating the oil through
the air-cooled oil cooler and the filter.
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Section 2.2.9.
3.2.9. Hydraulic Oil System
2 -38 -1
Page
3.2.9.
Application Handbook
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Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
No.
Designation
No.
Designation
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Hydraulic oil tank
Duty pump
Standby pump
Pressure accumulator
Pressure accumulator
Supply line filter
Supply line filter
8
9
10
11
A
B
Oil-air cooler
Return line filter
Secondary loop pump
Secondary loop pump
Control oil to the hydraulic actuators
Returned oil
Figure: Hydraulic Oil System (Schematic)
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Section 2.2.9.
3.2.9. Hydraulic Oil System
2 -39 -2
Page
3.2.9.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Pneumatic System
Compressed air is the working medium used by the pneumatic actuators of the gas turbine.
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Base scope is an instrument air (compressed air) receiver tank mounted on the base module
and interconnecting piping from tank to pneumatic actuators, e.g. blow-off valves. Compressors with piping to tank can be supplied as an option.
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Section 2.2.10.
3.2.10. Pneumatic System
Page
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-40 -1
3.2.10.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Lube and Jacking Oil System
Task and Function
The lube oil system supplies lube oil to the turbine-generator bearings. In addition, the return
flow of oil transports heat and any wear debris present from the bearings to the oil tank.
The jacking oil system prevents the occurrence of mixed lubrication in the bearings during
acceleration and coast down of the rotor.
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The lube oil tank functions as a collecting, settling and supply tank as well as a deaerator for
the oil. Oil from the lube oil tank is also supplied to the hydraulic clearance optimization system (HCO) and the hydraulic turning gear.
Configuration
Cooled and filtered lube oil is pumped from the lube oil tank (1) to the bearings (9). The main
lube oil pump (2), driven by a three-phase motor, supplies the lube oil system with oil during
normal operation. The identical-design auxiliary lube oil pump (3) serves as a backup.
A somewhat smaller emergency lube oil pump (4), driven by a DC motor, ensures proper
lubrication of the bearings as the turbine-generator coasts down during faulted conditions;
when this pump is running, oil is fed into the supply line at a point downstream of the filter.
The jacking oil pump (5) draws lube oil out of the oil tank and boosts its pressure to the requisite level for shaft jacking. This flow of oil is purified in the jacking oil filter (12); the jacking
oil control block (8) distributes oil to the bearings.
The lube oil cooler (6) is connected in the lube oil supply line. After it has been cooled, the
lube oil is passed through the lube oil filter (7) and fed to the bearings.
An oil vapor extractor is mounted on the lube oil tank. Extraction is by means of the side
channel compressors (10) which feed the oil vapor through the oil separator (11).
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Section 2.2.11.
3.2.11. Lube and Jacking Oil System
2 -41 -1
Page
3.2.11.
Application Handbook
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Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
No.
Designation
No.
Designation
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Lube oil tank
Main lube oil pump
Auxiliary lube oil pump
Emergency lube oil pump
Jacking oil pump
Lube oil cooler
Lube oil filter
8
9
10
11
12
A
Jacking oil control block
Bearing
Side channel compressor (oil vapor extraction)
Oil separator
Jacking oil filter
Oil lines to and from the bearings
Figure: Lube and Jacking Oil System (Schematic)
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Section 2.2.11.
3.2.11. Lube and Jacking Oil System
2 -42 -2
Page
3.2.11.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Lube Oil Cooler
The lube oil cooler is constructed as a plate type heat exchanger.
This consists of a variable number of gasket channel plates (heat transfer partitions) made of
stainless steel, which are clamped by lateral bolts between a stationary frame plate and a
movable pressure plate. The channel plates and pressure plate are suspended from a central carrying bar projecting from the top of the frame.
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Flow ports at the corners of the channel plates are arranged so that the two liquid media flow
in alternate inter-plate channels, usually in countercurrent, with the warmer medium giving up
heat to the cooler. The standard plate assembly for water cooling consists of one group of
parallel channels per medium with all inlets and outlets at the same end.
The channel plates are corrugated, partly to stiffen the thin sheet metal and partly to create
turbulent flow which improves the efficiency of heat transfer.
Gaskets which are bonded into grooves around the edges of the plates determine the flow
patterns and seal the channels.
Separate gaskets eliminate inter-leakage between the two media.
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Section 2.2.11.
3.2.11. Lube and Jacking Oil System
2 -43 -3
Page
3.2.11.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Hydraulic Clearance Optimization System
Task and Function
Enhanced efficiency and an output increase are achieved with gas turbines by reducing the
clearance between the turbine blades and the casing when the machine has thoroughly
warmed up. With the conical inner contour of the turbine casing this is accomplished by shifting the rotor axially against the direction of flow. To permit this, the axial stops in the thrust
bearing are designed such that they can be shifted hydraulically. The hydraulic oil pressure
required for this is supplied by a separate pressure boost system.
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Configuration
The lube oil used for the hydraulic clearance optimization (HCO) is boosted to a higher pressure by pumps (1, 2) and cleaned in a filter (3). The pressure accumulator (4) is provided to
support this system. The two axial displacement pistons (6, 7) for the main thrust direction
and reverse thrust direction are located in the thrust bearing and supplied with hydraulic oil
via the HCO control block (5).
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Section 2.2.12.
3.2.12. Hydraulic Clearance Optimization System
Page
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-44 -1
3.2.12.
Application Handbook
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Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
No.
Designation
No.
Designation
1
Pump 1
6
2
Pump 2
7
3
4
5
Filter
Pressure accumulator
HCO control block
A
B
Piston for shifting in the direction of flow (main
thrust direction)
Piston for shifting against the direction of flow
(reverse thrust direction)
Lube oil
Returned oil
Figure: Hydraulic Clearance Optimization System (Schematic)
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Section 2.2.12.
3.2.12. Hydraulic Clearance Optimization System
Page
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-45 -2
3.2.12.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Shaft Turning Gear
Task and Function
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After the turbine-generator has been shut down, the line of shafting (gas turbine and generator) is transferred to turning gear mode and rotated at low speed. The gas turbine remains in
turning gear mode until it is restarted. In the event of a planned outage, the gas turbine remains in turning gear mode until it has sufficiently cooled down (cool down turning). The turning gear is shut down after conclusion of cool down turning. During extended standstills, the
rotor is briefly turned at regular intervals to check that it still rotates freely (interval turning).
Startup of the gas turbine is performed immediately after shutdown of the turning gear.
Configuration
The turning gear is flanged onto the compressor bearing housing. It comprises a hydraulic
motor (5) fitted with a drive pinion, a swing arm mechanism (6), and a control block (4). The
swing arm mechanism pivots the drive pinion at its outer end so as to mesh with a gear ring
mounted on the shaft. Jacking oil is supplied to the hydraulic motor and the swing arm actuator from the lube oil tank (1). The hydraulic motor is also supplied with cooled oil extracted
from the lube oil supply line (A). During operation of the gas turbine with the jacking oil pump
(3) shut down, the hydraulic motor is supplied with oil by the main lube oil pump (2) to ensure
that the hydraulic motor always rotates freely. Hydraulic oil is supplied to the swing arm actuator via the control block (4). The turning gear can be engaged while the turbine-generator
shaft is at rest or coasting down (synchronization feature).
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Section 2.2.13.
3.2.13. Shaft Turning Gear
Page
2
-46 -1
3.2.13.
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Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
No.
Designation
No.
Designation
1
2
3
4
Lube oil tank
Main lube oil pump
Jacking oil pump
Control block
5
6
Hydraulic motor
Swing arm mechanism
A
Cooled lube oil
Figure: Shaft Turning Gear (Schematic)
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Restricted
non binding values / For information only
Section 2.2.13.
3.2.13. Shaft Turning Gear
Page
2
-47 -2
3.2.13.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Mobile Compressor Cleaning System
Tasks
During operation of the gas turbine, the blades and vanes in the compressor section can
become fouled due to contaminants in the intake air. Blade deposits reduce the output and
efficiency of the gas turbine. Compressor cleaning removes deposits and restores output and
efficiency.
The compressor cleaning system enables compressor cleaning using demineralized water
alone or in conjunction with a suitable (Siemens Energy Sector approved) cleaning agent to
remove compressor blading deposits.
Operating Aspects
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Compressor cleaning can be performed:
–
On-line at nearly base load
–
Off-line with the rotor turned at sufficient speed by the starting frequency converter
–
With demineralized water only
–
With demineralized water and cleaning agent.
The following intervals are recommended in general for compressor cleaning; they may vary
depending on the site location and operating regime:
–
–
On-line cleaning
–
Daily with demineralized water
–
Every third day with demineralized water and cleaning agent
Off-line cleaning for intensive cleaning
–
Monthly with demineralized water and cleaning agent.
System Description
The compressor cleaning system comprises a skid-mounted supply system that forwards the
demineralized water and cleaning agent to the compressor cleaning nozzle system that is
installed in the air intake duct.
As shown in Figure 1, the system consists of a mobile cleaning cart and a nozzle system
mounted in the air intake duct.
The nozzle system consists of one ring header with conical spray nozzles (1) and one
straight header with jet spray nozzles (2). Flow to either header is controlled using shutoff
valves (3). The conical spray nozzles are used for on-line cleaning. For off-line cleaning the
jet and conical spray nozzles are used sequentially.
The pump (4) and mixing tank (5) are mounted on the cart. A push button is provided on the
cart for switching the pump on and off. A manual barrel pump (6) is used to transfer the
cleaning agent from a drum into the mixing tank. Demineralized water is added directly from
a tap (7) connected to that system. Each batch of cleaning solution is mixed by circulating
the cleaning fluids via a circulation pipe (8) using the main pump (4). The mixing procedure is
performed by using a deadman button. The thoroughly mixed cleaning solution is pumped
through a hose (9) to the intake duct nozzle system. This hose and other connections (10–
13) are provided with quick-connect hose couplings.
Siemens Energy Sector
AHB54FGTPACR10 / Rev:
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Section 2.2.14.
3.2.14. Mobile Compressor Cleaning System
Page
2
-48 -1
3.2.14.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
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This system is capable of performing compressor cleaning on- and off-line whenever the
compressor inlet temperature is above 8 °C.
No.
Item
No.
Item
1
Conical spray nozzles
7
Demineralized water system tap
2
Jet spray nozzles
8
Circulation pipe
3
Shut off valves
9
Connecting hose
4
Centrifugal feed pump
5
Mixing tank
6
Barrel pump
10-13
14
Hose couplings
Drain
Figure 1: Compressor Cleaning System – Mobile Version
Siemens Energy Sector
AHB54FGTPACR10 / Rev:
12 (11/2016)
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Section 2.2.14.
3.2.14. Mobile Compressor Cleaning System
Page
2
-49 -2
3.2.14.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Advanced Compressor Cleaning System (ACCS)
Tasks
During operation of the gas turbine, the blades and vanes in the compressor section can
become fouled due to contaminants in the intake air. Blade deposits reduce the output and
efficiency of the gas turbine. Compressor cleaning removes deposits and restores output and
efficiency.
The compressor cleaning system enables compressor cleaning using demineralized water
alone or in conjunction with a suitable (Siemens Energy Sector approved, suitable cleaning
agent type can be given on demand) cleaning agent to remove compressor blading deposits.
Operating Aspects
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Compressor cleaning can be performed:
–
On-line at nearly base load
–
Off-line with the rotor turned at sufficient speed by the starting frequency converter
–
With demineralized water only
–
With demineralized water and cleaning agent.
The following intervals are recommended in general for compressor cleaning; they may vary
depending on the site location and operating regime:
–
–
On-line cleaning
–
Daily with demineralized water
–
Every third day with demineralized water and cleaning agent
Off-line cleaning for intensive cleaning
–
Monthly with demineralized water and cleaning agent.
System Description
The compressor cleaning system comprises a skid-mounted supply system that forward the
demineralized water and cleaning agent to the compressor cleaning nozzle system that is
installed in the air intake duct.
The package is controlled by a local PLC. A data link connects the control unit of the package to the power plant I&C system. This makes it possible to perform remote control actions
from there.
As shown in Figure 1, the ACCS incorporates the cleaning skid as well as an advanced nozzle system (1) mounted in the air intake duct. Demineralized water is supplied to the mixing
tank (4) via a connection to the demineralized water system tap (5). Cleaning agent from the
cleaning agent container (3) is supplied to the mixing tank by the cleaning agent dosing
pump (2). By circulation (7), demineralized water and cleaning agent are mixed homogeneously to a cleaning fluid. The ACCS is equipped with a compressed air system. On the one
hand this is used to actuate the main valves of the system and on the other to blow out any
cleaning fluid remaining in systems and interconnecting piping after a cleaning step has been
completed (8).
Siemens Energy Sector
AHB54FGTPACR10
/ Rev:
12 (11/2016)
PG GT GCO
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Section 2.2.15.
3.2.15. Advanced Compressor Cleaning System
2 -50 -1
Page
3.2.15.
Application Handbook
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Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
No.
Description
No.
Description
1
ACCS nozzle system
6
Dosing Pump for cleaning agent
2
Centrifugal injection pump for cleaning fluid
7
Circulation line
3
Cleaning agent container
8
Supply of compressed air
4
Mixing tank for cleaning fluid
9
Drainage connection
5
Supply of demineralized water
Figure 1: Compressor Cleaning System – Advanced Compressor Cleaning System (schematic)
Siemens Energy Sector
AHB54FGTPACR10
/ Rev:
12 (11/2016)
PG GT GCO
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Section 2.2.15.
3.2.15. Advanced Compressor Cleaning System
2 -51 -2
Page
3.2.15.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Packaging of Auxiliary Systems
The Auxiliaries Base Module comprises the systems for
–
Hydraulic Oil
–
Instrument Air (receiver tank)
–
Lube Oil
–
Hydraulic Clearance Optimization
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Fuel gas components are integrated into the interconnecting piping.
The Auxiliaries Dual Fuel Module (fuel oil option) comprises the systems for
–
Fuel Oil
–
Purge Water
–
NOx Water (option for fuel oil)
Advantages Gained from Packaging
–
Compact layout with minimized cable and piping lengths within the module.
–
Shorter time to commissioning: Module is delivered to site completely preassembled on
base frame, thus assembling work on site is reduced.
Siemens Energy Sector
AHB54FGTPACR10 / Rev:
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Section 2.2.16.
3.2.16. Packaging of Auxiliary Systems
Page
2
-52 -1
3.2.16.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Air Intake System
Task and Function
Transmittal, reproduction, dissemination and/or editing of this document as well as utilization of its contents and communication
thereof to others without express authorization are prohibited. Offenders will be held liable for payment of damages. All rights
created by patent grant or registration of a utility model or design patent are reserved.
The air intake system has the tasks of
–
Guiding and filtering of environmental air to the gas turbine in order to ensure a reliable
operation in the specified local environment
–
Reduction and attenuation of the noise from the gas turbine compressor to the permissible levels
–
Isolation of the inlet duct at plant outages to maintain the air inventory inside the gas turbine dry and at appropriate temperature
Design Features
The air intake system comprise two major sections:
–
Filter House with Filter System
–
Inlet Ductwork and Silencer System
The air intake system is of overhead design. The filter house is located above the generator
and the inlet dut extends vertically to the gas turbine. The structural steel support structure
from the ground up to the filter house base frame shall be part of the building structure, i. e.
civil scope of supply.
Filter House
Inlet Duct
Jib crane
Silencer
Weatherhood
Elbow
Expansion joint
Anti-Icing System
(hidden by Weatherhood)
(Option)
Transition part
Shutoff damper
(flap)
Ladder
Upper part
Outer cone
Lower part
Figure: Air Intake – General Arrangement
Siemens Energy Sector
AHB54FGTPACR10 / Rev: 12 (11/2016) PG GT GCO PC FE BO - Restricted -
non binding values / For information only
Section 2.3. Air Intake System
Page
2 -53
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Filter House with Filter System
FILTER HOUSE
The mutlti-stage static filter system consists of a weather hood, bird screen, prefilter and fine
filter.
STATIC FILTER SYSTEM
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The prefilter and fine filter consists of elements which shall be replaced when the differential
pressure across the elements has reached the limit value due to increased contamination.
During operation the total differential pressure across the complete filter section is monitored
and an alarm is generated when the filter elements have become polluted.
To protect the air intake system against extreme sub-atmospheric pressure, a two out of
three pressure signal can initiate a gas turbine trip. Implosion doors will not be provided.
For maintenance reasons an electrical hoist with a capacity of 250 kg will be provided.
PULSE FILTER SYSTEM
The pulse filter system is an option that replaces the static filter system.
The filter system consists generally of a steel structure equipped with horizontally arranged
filter cartridges.
The filter cartridge elements will be self-cleaning, through a pulse jet system, in which short
bursts of compressed air are directed from the inside of the cartridge, dislodging accumulated dust and dirt from the filter media and deposition it down and away from the cartridges.
For removal of the collected dust an industrial vacuum cleaner will be provided.
The cleaning cycle is controlled by differential pressure switches. Pulse cleaning is to be initiated when the system’s differential pressure exceeds a high vacuum set point and continues sequentially through complete cycles for all cartridges until a low vacuum on the differential pressure switch is reached. The high vacuum and low vacuum set points are adjustable.
Additionally the control system will be equipped with a timer and a feature for manual actuation of the self-cleaning system.
Not more than 5 % of the filter elements will be cleaned simultaneously.
During operation the total differential pressure across the complete filter system is monitored
and an alarm is generated when the filter elements have become polluted.
To protect the air intake system against extreme sub-atmospheric pressure, a two out of
three pressure signal can initiate a gas turbine trip. Implosion doors will not be provided.
For maintenance reasons an electrical hoist with a capacity of 250 kg will be provided.
Siemens Energy Sector
AHB54FGTPACR10
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Section 2.3.1.
3.3.1. Filter House with Filter System
2 -54 -1
Page
3.3.1.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Inlet Duct Work with Silencer System
DUCTWORK
The construction of the duct modules is of a double wall design. The space between inner
and outer wall is filled with sound absorbent material.
The ductwork consists of welded steel plates/profiles. The duct wall is welded to the steel
profile construction. Where necessary an anti-resonant material is applied to the steel plates.
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The ductwork is divided in two major sections (duct, elbow with silencer section) connected
by a flexible expansion joint to avoid sound transmission of structure-borne sound. A shutting
flap, located in the duct downstream of silencer and upstream of compressor inlet, can be
closed when the gas turbine is not operating.
SILENCER SECTION
The silencers contain sound absorbent baffles.
The baffles are covered with perforated sheets and filled with high quality heat and moisture
resistant mineral wool. The mineral wool is covered by a glass fiber material which gives an
additional mechanical protection for the absorbent material.
COMPRESSOR CLEANING MANIFOLD
A compressor cleaning manifold with spray nozzle system is mounted in the intake duct opposite to the compressor inlet. The external compressor cleaning system that provides the
cleaning agent interfaces with this inlet-mounted manifold via a single interface point. (More
details in Chapter “Auxiliary Systems”)
Filter
House
Exhaust Gas
System
Gas Turbine
Compressor Cleaning
Spray Nozzle Rack
Figure: Air Intake - Compressor Wet Cleaning
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Section 2.3.2.
3.3.2. Inlet Duct Work with Silencer System
2 -55 -1
Page
3.3.2.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Anti Icing System
The integrated anti-icing system is designed to avoid icing effects in the air inlet system under cold ambient conditions. The anti-icing system is recommended if the ambient air temperature is frequently below +5 °C.
ANTI ICING WITH COMPRESSOR AIR
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The anti-icing system prevents the formation of ice. The required temperature increase is
produced by a flow of hot air which is extracted at the gas turbine compressor outlet and
routed by pipes to the air inlet of the filter house. The hot compressor air is mixed by a distribution pipe grid to the cold ambient air.
The necessary piping, acoustic insulation measures, manual shutoff valve, motor-driven control valve and control instrumentation are included in the scope of supply.
The ambient conditions are monitored by measuring of ambient temperature and humidity. A
reference value corresponding to the dew point is calculated using these measured values.
By comparing the reference value with the actual temperature at the compressor inlet, the
control valve is opened for a variable mass flow of hot air to the filter modules. Depending on
the ambient conditions, the intake air is warmed up by 0 up to 6 Kelvin approximately.
The anti-icing system is not designed to prevent clogging of the filters by heavy snowfall.
BENEFITS
The anti-icing system ensures safe inlet air supply under cold and humid ambient conditions.
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Section 2.3.3.
3.3.3. Anti Icing System
2 -56 -1
Page
3.3.3.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Anti Icing/ Air Preheating System with Hot Water Cycle
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An air preheating system is an option to enhance certain operational characteristics of the
gas turbine. The system includes an integrated anti-icing functionality to avoid the formation
of ice at the compressor bellmouth.
The provided air preheating system comprises of a closed water-glycol-circuit with heat
exchanger coils located in the filter house. The heat energy will be supplied by an
intermediate heat exchanger which will be heated with water or steam from a permanent
heat source, which as anti-icing function has to be available also during start up conditions of
the gas turbine plant. The water glycol circuit has to be equipped with connections for filling,
dosing of inhibitors as well as drain and vent connections.
Required pump skid, expansion tank, intermediate heat exchanger, interconnecting piping,
instrumentation and control-equipment shall be provided by others.
The integrated anti-icing / air preheating system is placed in operation dependent on the
criteria ambient air dew point and compressor inlet temperature.
Detailed interface information and process requirements will be provided by Siemens during
project execution.
Siemens Energy Sector
AHB54FGTPACR10 / Rev:
12 (11/2016)
PG GT GCO
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Section 2.3.4.
3.3.4. Air Preheating System
Page
2
-57 -1
3.3.4.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Evaporative Cooling System
The evaporative cooling system is designed as an open-circuit water cooling system and
serves to reduce the temperature of the inlet air for the gas turbine by evaporation of certain
water quantities.
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The evaporative cooler will be a recirculation type with tank. The unit consists of casing,
cooler media, tank, internal perforated header, pump with all interconnecting piping and droplet eliminators. By means of the circulating pump the water is supplied from the reservoir tank
lower drain pan to the interconnecting piping and is distributed via a perforated header pipe
system to the individual cooler media packs.
For the collection of the non evaporated water a drain pan is located beneath the media
packs. From this drain pan the circulating water is back flushed to the lower drain pan / collection tank. In order to avoid water carry over droplet eliminators are arranged downstream
of the media packs.
To prevent sealing on the media pack a certain water quantity is blown down. The makeup
water supply compensates the evaporative and blow down rates.
A manual dozing system will be provided for maintenance in the unlikely case of algae
growth at the evaporative cooler pads. The dozing system is designed for eradication of algae growth.
Figure: Evaporative Cooling System (schematic flow sheet)
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Section 2.3.5.
3.3.5. Evaporative Cooling System
Page
2
-58 -1
3.3.5.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Compressor Dehumidifier
To prevent standing corrosion during gas turbine outages, air is taken from the intake duct,
dried by dehumidifier, and supplied to the compressor at a suitable point in the intake duct.
The shut-off flap in the air intake duct shall be closed when the gas turbine is out of operation
to increase the efficiency of the dehumidifier.
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The dehumidifier is automatically activated after gas turbine shutdown, when the initial cooling phase is completed, and is deactivated before gas turbine start-up. It is also possible to
manually activate and deactivate the dehumidifier if the gas turbine is not in operation.
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Section 2.3.6.
3.3.6. Compressor Dehumidifier
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3.3.6.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Exhaust Gas System
The gas turbine exhaust system consists first of all of the exhaust gas diffuser which connects the gas turbine with the stack or HRSG. A stack or diverter damper with bypass stack
can be provided as an option.
Exhaust Gas Diffuser
Task and Function
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The exhaust gas diffuser has the tasks of
–
Pressure recovery for high output
–
Connection from gas turbine to stack or diverter damper with bypass stack or heatrecovery steam generator.
Design Features
The diffuser is made as a welded construction and internally insulated.
Thermal expansion between gas turbine and diffuser shall be accommodated by means of
an expansion joint installed between the gas turbine outlet and the diffuser inlet.
The diffuser shell is made of carbon steel with stiffening ribs welded on the outside. The shell
is internally insulated by glass fibre material. The insulation is covered by a stainless steel
liner consisting of sliding plates which are supported by pins and bars. The diffuser is supported near the inlet and outlet end.
Radial
Stiffening Ribs
Outer Wall
Axial
Stiffening Ribs
Support for
Axial Movement
Internal Insulation
Fix Point Support
Figure: Exhaust Gas Diffuser
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3.4.1. Exhaust Gas Diffuser
2 -60 -1
Page
3.4.1.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Exhaust Gas Stack
LOWER STACK SECTION
The lower stack section consists of a rectangular casing which is self supporting, provided
with internal insulation and with a cold outer shell of carbon steel. The insulation shall be
covered with overlapping sheets made of stainless steel (shingle style).
UPPER STACK SECTION
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Above the lower stack section the upper stack section with the silencer housing is provided.
In the silencer housing silencer splitters are installed.
The upper stack section consists of a cold outer stack pipe with internal insulation. The insulation material is covered on the flue gas side with a floating steel liner (shingle style).
The stack pipe is coated on the outer surface.
SUPPORT FRAME
The support frame is a steel structure which carries the loads of the upper stack section.
Exhaust Gas Bypass Stack
LOWER STACK SECTION
The lower stack section consists of a rectangular diverter casing which is self supporting,
provided with internal insulation and with a cold outer shell of carbon steel. The insulation
shall be covered with overlapping sheets made of stainless steel (shingle style).
The casing includes the diverter blade. The casing opens the flue gas duct from the gas turbine diffuser outlet either to the HRSG inlet duct or to the bypass stack. Intermediate positioning of the blade is possible for start-up of the boiler only. The blade is sealed by means of
a double sealing with seal air and thermally insulated. The blade is actuated by a toggle drive
and powered by a hydraulic unit.
UPPER STACK SECTION
Above the lower stack section the upper stack section with the silencer housing is provided.
In the silencer housing silencer splitters are installed.
The upper stack section consists of a cold outer stack pipe with internal insulation. The insulation material is covered on the flue gas side with a floating steel liner (shingle style).
The stack pipe is coated on the outer surface.
SUPPORT FRAME
The support frame is a steel structure which carries the loads of the upper stack section.
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Section 2.4.2.
3.4.2. Exhaust Gas Stack / Bypass Stack
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Page
3.4.2.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Control System
Automation System SPPA-T3000
Introduction
The Siemens SPPA-T3000™ Distributed Control System (DCS) is designed for the specific
needs of the power generation industry. This section describes the system architecture, features and components of the plant automation system.
SPPA-T3000 stands for: Siemens Power Plant Automation – Teleperm 3000
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System Architecture
The SPPA-T3000 DCS is a hierarchical information and automation system. The system uses continuous information flow, consistent data management and storage, flexible instrumentation and control (I&C) concepts, and uniform human-machine interface (HMI) platforms to
perform necessary automation, operational control, and data monitoring for the plant.
The SPPA-T3000 DCS design features include:
–
A plant-oriented process control structure that provides operational functions, combined
with monitoring and diagnostic capability
–
A redundant, modular structure capable of expansion by adding equipment as required
The SPPA-T3000 system bases on 3-tier architecture which uses a server / client networking
structure. This architecture along with the use of web technology, industrial Ethernet communications and a component-based software structure combine to form a state-of-the-art
distributed control system that has been consistently tailored to the process engineering
needs of power plants.
HMI Tier
Processing Tier
Field Acquisition Tier
Figure: SPPA-T3000 3-Tier Architecture
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3.5.1.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
The 100 Mbit Ethernet bus system (application bus and automation bus) provides the communication between the HMI, the automation units (automation servers) and the application
server who provides all necessary functions for plant engineering, operation-monitoring, diagnostics and storing of process data. The connection to the field devices is implemented via
I/O modules which are installed in I/O cabinets.
Embedded component services ©™ (ECS) is the basic concept of the system that embeds
all process-relevant data into every single component. This component-embedded approach
allows all data to be intrinsically available for operation, engineering or diagnostics.
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An important advantage to this structure is keeping the user interfaces (thin clients) independent from other applications.
Control System Configuration
The SPPA-T3000 control system has a hierarchical structure. Please refer to the overall view
of the turbine instrumentation and control system (I&C overview) as provided within section
“Attached Documents”.
Hardware Architecture
USER INTERFACES
Thin clients present information regarding engineering, operation, and diagnostics. Standard
industrial PCs running just a web browser perform this task.
The web-based system structure allows the use of a wide range of hardware such as standard PCs or notebooks that can run a web browser.
The server/client structure means that HMI applications are available at multiple locations.
There is no need for special hardware or software for engineering and operation functions.
Terminals are identical in access capability. Limitations need be defined only by the authorization system where the access rights are configured. This approach allows for highly flexible configurations for a wide range of power plant process control applications.
POWER SERVICES (POWER SERVER)
Processing of data and execution of control algorithms are performed by the power services
(embedded component services, ECS). These services also perform the functions of archiving, engineering, alarm management, diagnostics, system configuration, access and change
management. The hardware platform for all power services consists of application servers
and automation servers.
The automation server is a standard SIMATIC S7-CPU out of the product spectrum of SIMATIC. This S7-CPU provides high-performance, deterministic automation functions at the
I/O level. The number of automation servers depends on the power plant configuration and
can be scaled depending on the complexity of automation tasks. The automation servers are
equipped with an onboard PROFIBUS DP field bus connection.
The fault-tolerant application server performs the HMI, engineering, and system information
functions. High reliability of the application server is achieved through extensive redundancy
including processors, memory, disk drives, controllers, and power supplies.
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Section 2.5.1.
3.5.1. Automation System SPPA-T3000
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3.5.1.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
NETWORKS (BUS SYSTEM)
System communication is provided via networks that link the components together. A standard industrial Ethernet network with TCP/IP realizes the upper tier communication. The
communication between the automation servers to the process interfaces ET200M is established by redundant PROFIBUS DP field bus up to 12 Mbit/s.
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The SPPA-T3000 manages communication using Ethernet switch technology. This technology employs an intelligent switching communication management system that eliminates
data collisions by managing the information flow from and to the interested network participants only.
This anti-collision communication management technology holds the integrity of the data
throughput and increases the effective communication speed of the network. Time synchronization is performed as an integrated system function through all connected devices and
nodes.
Figure: Data Communication on SIMATIC NET Switched Network
The SPPA-T3000 control system employs the SIMATIC network in a single-fault-tolerant
‘ring’ structure. The network is a fiber optic based ‘open ring’, with a master optical switching
module (OSM), which continuously monitors the health of the ring structure.
The moment a fault is detected by this master OSM, an optical switch is activated, completing the communication path for all data to reach the affected participants. The unique, dual
direction communication flow of the SIMATIC Network, not only assures that no data is lost,
but that no communication delays occur.
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Section 2.5.1.
3.5.1. Automation System SPPA-T3000
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3.5.1.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
BC
BC
M
BC
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BC
AS
AS
BC
AS
AS
Figure: Principle of the Virtual Ring (Error-free Operation)
Figure: Principle of the Virtual Ring (Fault Compensation)
PROCESS INTERFACES
Process Interfaces comprise the interface between the automation servers, field measurement and control devices. The communication between the automation servers to the several
process interfaces ET200M is established by redundant PROFIBUS DP field bus.
Software Architecture
SPPA-T3000 uses the embedded component services (ECS) approach for system software
integration, task and data management. ECS means, having all data for each process object
located in the object itself. All services like plant display, engineering, alarms, etc., provide
views out of this data pool or directly manage the data.
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3.5.1.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
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There are no central databases to store or edit, which can cause performance or memory
bottlenecks. Instead, these individual objects, creating a suite to integrate and exchange data
seamlessly, build up the whole system.
Figure: Embedded Component Services (Single Source of Data, Multiple Views)
The main benefits of the SPPA-T3000 software architecture are:
–
Consistent views at any time
–
Only one data management location
–
Integrated I&C, plant display, alarm, diagnostic and engineering
–
No code generation and separate down-loading activities
–
No subsystems such as engineering or operating stations and diagnostics computers
Functions and Tasks
SPPA-T3000 provides a range of services to achieve power plant functionality. All functions
are provided in a modular and independent manner. A single-user interface called ‘workbench’ provides the central interaction point that allows the operator, engineer, technician
and manager to access all information, operate the plant, and perform required configuration
and engineering tasks and trouble-shooting tasks. All views are displayed in windows, and
several windows can be placed on the workbench.
AUTOMATION FUNCTIONS
The automation functions in SPPA-T3000 are configured to support a high level of power
plant automation. Closed-loop control and interlock logic functions are designed to support
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3.5.1.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
the full range of modes of operation. The automation processors provide a full range of control software building blocks from which the plant process control algorithms are formed.
These algorithms are distributed in automation processors that correspond to major components and systems in the plant such as gas turbine, steam turbine, etc.
OPERATION AND MONITORING
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SPPA-T3000 operator interface is a new cutting-edge solution for process control. With sophisticated alarm features and diagnostic information, it is much more than just a “window on
the process”. Real-time data displays, high-speed and high-resolution process graphics,
alarm screens and other views simplify the review and analysis of live and historical process
data. SPPA-T3000 user guidance and live links put all information at your fingertips.
A complete set of process-based graphic displays are provided for the power plant. These
displays and faceplates allow the operator to monitor and manipulate process control variables, as well as perform tasks such as operating devices, tuning loops, responding to
alarms or changing set points.
The SPPA-T3000 provides a powerful alarm management system that enables the operator
to understand and appropriately react to any abnormal situation.
Alarm sequence displays (ASD) provide the interface for users to view, analyze and control
alarms. ASDs are used to display alarms in a list and can be sorted chronologically, by priority or by other user selectable criteria. All changes of alarm states are updated automatically.
Alarm returns (gone alarms) can also be displayed. Alarm messages can be tailored to the
specific demands of the plant. The content and ordering of the alarm lines can easily be
changed in the same way as a spreadsheet. With the possibility to define and store several
user specific ASD configurations, the layout and content can be easily customized according
to individual project requirements, user needs or plant conditions.
Dynamic function diagrams are available that contain live data that indicates the status and
operation of individual control loops and logic functions, including current signal values and
the inputs and outputs of software blocks. This is a powerful tool to assist the operator in understanding plant operation and diagnosing malfunctions. Navigation from a display faceplate
to the corresponding function diagram is possible with a single mouse click.
DATA STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL
The SPPA-T3000 archive system is a configurable data storage and retrieval system capable
of storing any data point in the DCS including events and operator actions. The data can be
retrieved and analyzed in a wide variety of formats including trends and reports. Reports can
be constructed manually or generated automatically. The stored data is managed among a
collection of memory devices including short-term memory, long-term memory, and archival
storage media. The data can be exported to commonly available software tools.
ENGINEERING
The engineering system provides the tools needed to perform system hardware and software
configuration functions. Flexible and graphical interfaces for the engineering steps are provided by the system Workbench. System features include:
–
Integrated operation and control engineering with a single-user interface
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3.5.1. Automation System SPPA-T3000
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3.5.1.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
–
Single-user interface for all engineering tasks
–
Data consistency
–
No mapping of sub-systems, code generation, and downloads
–
Online changes
–
Simple drag & drop via different views
–
Easy navigation between multiple views
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DIAGNOSTICS
The diagnostic functions are enabled via the diagnostic view, which is the portal to efficient
maintenance, service, and asset management of the plant. All SPPA-T3000 components
have built-in self-diagnostics and provide clear messages on uniform user interfaces for the
entire DCS.
Figure: Navigation to Diagnostic View
System monitoring and diagnostics are an integral part of SPPA-T3000. They are available
instantly without any additional configuration effort through use of the prior-engineered automation functions and proxies. The system monitoring creates messages that provide the
plant staff with clear information about the error status of a process control component.
The access to the diagnostic view is independent from the state of the selected object.
SPPA-T3000 self-diagnostic features and intuitive representation enables plant personnel to
quickly determine where a system problem has occurred.
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3.5.1.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Gas Turbine Automation
Automatic Start-up Control
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Programs for automatic start-up and shutdown of gas turbines ensure the correct control and
monitoring of all procedures for activation or deactivation of selected operating modes in a
predetermined sequence. For example the sequences include the following:
–
Activation of auxiliaries such as lube and hydraulic oil supply and fuel supply systems
–
Activation of start-up frequency converter
–
Initiation of ignition
–
Enabling of synchronization and loading
During standstill of the gas turbine generator the "ready to start" criteria is maintained by oil
circulation and periodic turning of the rotor.
Current program step is displayed at the control station. In case of program stop, status is
indicated at the control station and missing criteria are displayed in plain text.
It is not possible to switch each control in automatic and manual operation at any time. On
restart of the automatic control (after a permitted manual operation), the program automatically proceeds to the actual step, which is required by the process.
SUB-LOOP CONTROL
Sub-loop control is employed for process-controlled automatic circuits.
DRIVE CONTROL
Drive control is employed for control and monitoring of motors, actuators, and solenoid
valves. Drives are controlled by:
–
Commands for the automatic functions (including sub-loop controls)
–
Commands for protective functions (unit or plant protection)
–
Manual commands from the control station
PROTECTIVE LOGIC
Passive protective logic for drive control enabling, signal logic for alarms, and check back
signals as well as all other logic gating are implemented by software. Active protective logic
commands act on the drive control and take priority over automatic and manual commands.
A protective logic cannot be switched off manually.
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Section 2.5.2.
3.5.2. Gas Turbine Automation
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-69 -1
3.5.2.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Gas Turbine Protection
Depending on process redundancy, protection signals are connected redundantly. Warning
signals are given and, if possible, counteractions are initiated prior to turbine trip. Fault and
trip alarms are indicated at the operator station. For example, typical trip criteria are:
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OPERATIONAL PROTECTION CIRCUITS
–
Turbine temperature protection
–
Lubrication oil pressure protection
–
Bearing housing vibration protection
–
Bearing temperature protection
–
Compressor surge protection
FAILSAFE PROTECTION CIRCUITS
–
Overspeed protection
–
Flame monitoring
–
Manual remote trip
–
Overfuel protection during ignition phase
Overspeed Protection System
Because of the stringent safety requirements here, the overspeed protection system is of
redundant and multi-channel design and based on the break current principle. It is executed
in a control system that is authorized for fail safe functions and consists of:
–
Speed acquisition, limit signal formation
–
Overspeed turbine trip system
SPEED ACQUISITION, LIMIT SIGNAL FORMATION
3 non-contacting magnetic field probes are used to acquire the speed. A toothed wheel machined into the turbine shaft generates a frequency proportional to the speed. The pickups
are connected directly to overspeed protection system.
The turbine speed is monitored by special limit value monitors. The limit signals are input to
the fault-tolerant turbine trip system.
OVER-SPEED TURBINE TRIP SYSTEM
For over-speed protection a 2-out-of-3 functions is provided. In case of faulty input signal the
affected logic is changed over to 1-out-of-2 actuation logic.
All safety-related inputs and outputs of the system are tested automatically and cyclically for
safe functioning. Any malfunction is shown on the operation terminal and the appropriate
channel is evaluated as actuated.
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Section 2.5.2.
3.5.2. Gas Turbine Automation
Page
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-70 -2
3.5.2.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Measurements for overspeed protection
Overspeed protection 1
Measurements for speed control
M
Add
FEM
GT Controller
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Shaft
Overspeed protection 2
M
Add
FEM
GT Controller
Overspeed protection 3
M
Add
FEM
GT Controller
Figure: Speed measurement and monitoring
Measurement and Monitoring
Standard measurements, e.g. from thermocouples, resistance thermometers, 4-20 mA transducer output signals, are input directly into the coupling level of the automation subsystem
with the aid of analogue input modules. Further signal processing is implemented by software logic.
Special measurements and monitoring systems:
–
Flame monitoring
Flame detectors are monitoring the presence of flames in the combustion chambers. The
output signals are used for gas turbine protection.
–
Bearing casing vibration and shaft vibration measurement and monitoring
Signals from the vibration transmitters are amplified, transformed and output (2 channels)
for gas turbine protection and recording.
–
Speed measurement and monitoring
Speed is measured redundant (2x3 channels) with the aid of non-contacting magnetic
field probes. 3 channels are used for overspeed protection and 3 channels are used as
analogue signal for control. Transmitter power supply, limit value monitors and logic modules are housed in a sub-rack.
–
Combustion dynamics monitoring
The physical effects of combustion phenomena will be monitored at several measuring
points. The evaluation units are housed in a sub-rack. The output signals are used within
the gas turbine control system.
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Section 2.5.2.
3.5.2. Gas Turbine Automation
Page
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-71 -3
3.5.2.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Operating Hours and Event Counter
Various operating events and operating hours are counted, evaluated and summed up under
consideration of the different operating conditions. The resulting equivalent operating hours
for the gas turbine determine the date of the next inspection or major inspection.
Gas Turbine Controller
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Main closed-loop control functions are implemented within the controller, which is a redundant microprocessor-based system. The controller acts via electro-hydraulic actuators to
transmit high positioning forces. Testing and pre-setting will be at manufacturer's works.
SPEED RUN-UP CONTROLLER
Ramped opening of the fuel control valve starts when ignition speed is reached. Run-up is
monitored by a run-up protection function, which limits valve lift when activated.
COMBINED SPEED / LOAD CONTROLLER
Speed controller takes over control of the turbine generator from the run-up controller after
rated speed has been reached.
Load controller takes over control of the turbine generator from the speed controller after
synchronization has been performed.
Loading of turbine generator up to target setpoint is performed by the load setpoint control in
line with the load gradient.
INLET GUIDE VANE (IGV) CONTROLLER
This controller enables high efficiency operation with high turbine inlet temperatures and low
NOx-emission at reduced load output - especially for combined cycle process - by control of
the compressor air mass flow.
The IGV controller is operating in co-operation with the Temperature Limit Controller. So it is
possible to meet the requirements of heat recovery steam generators (e. g. lower temperatures at high air mass flow).
After reaching the part load temperature, the guide vane control starts to open the guide
vanes to increase the air mass flow in the turbine. Increasing load is directly coupled with the
increase of the air mass flow. So the guide vane controller enables to hold the outlet temperature constant over a certain load range.
OUTPUT MEASUREMENT
Generated active power is measured with 2 separate transducers in maximum selection.
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3.5.2. Gas Turbine Automation
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3.5.2.
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Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
OUTLET TEMPERATURE CONTROLLER (OTC-CONTROLLER)
This controller limits thermal loading on the gas turbine. It takes over control of the turbine
generator when base load temperature is reached and the IGV controller is fully opened.
Figure: Gas Turbine Controller (General Layout, without Limit Controller)
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Section 2.5.2.
3.5.2. Gas Turbine Automation
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3.5.2.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
WIN_TS Diagnostic System
General
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WIN_TS is the Windows-based Turbine-generator analysis System. It is implemented for
tasks which can not be accomplished with the operational instrumentation and control system. This includes tasks from the following areas:
–
Logging
–
Special monitoring
–
Analysis
–
Special applications
WIN_TS provides a general system frame in which various technical modules are integrated.
The system functions are characterized by the combination of modules that are implemented.
The broad range of applications in power plants results in a standardized data source for
scientists and engineering departments. Data files, automatic analyses and evaluation software provide a uniform basis for analyses and evaluations.
System Frame
GENERAL FUNCTIONS
The WIN_TS system frame provides the essential basic functions:
–
Integration in the turbine control system
–
Data acquisition / flight recorder function
–
Coupling with networks
–
Data processing
–
Organization of the technical modules
–
Visualization and output of data
–
Integration of remote access
–
Module integration / technical tasks
MODULE INTEGRATION / TECHNICAL TASKS
Several different types of modules can be implemented on a single platform. There is no fundamental restriction on module combinations. It should be noted that there may be interactions between individual modules.
If the number of required modules exceeds the capabilities of the system or if modules are
incompatible, they may be installed on several similar platforms. These platforms can operate as networked computers.
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Section 2.5.3.
3.5.3. WIN_TS Diagnostic System
Page
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-74 -1
3.5.3.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
WIN_TS is installed on a powerful PC, the design of which also enables continuous use as a
server. This PC and its necessary peripherals are included in the scope of supply. The implementation of some modules may require additional hardware, which will also be included,
if such modules are offered.
The software is running under Windows operating system. The user interface corresponds to
the familiar "look & feel" of standard Windows software. Only the run time version of the
software is supplied. The source code, compiler and design tools are not included in the
supplied software.
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INTERFACES TO THE CONTROL SYSTEM
The connection to the turbine control system is made through an interface to the SPPAT3000 bus. This connection contains all of the requisite functions including time tagging.
Gas Turbine Special Condition Monitoring
AREA OF APPLICATION
Effective operation of a gas turbine depends on many factors. If the actual values deviate
from the anticipated values, this may be due to many different causes.
The use of computer-supported analysis modules can help to better evaluate gas turbine
operation. This enables early detection of changes which can lead to undesirable gas turbine
operating modes.
Different monitoring tasks can be implemented.
The system is equipped with a powerfull data analysis software for on- and offline operation.
SCOPE OF FUNCTIONS
Basic characteristic values for gas turbine operation are available.
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Section 2.5.3.
3.5.3. WIN_TS Diagnostic System
Page
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-75 -2
3.5.3.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Signal Interface to Plant Distributed Control System
Tasks
For operation of the entire power plant a plant distributed control system (DCS) is required.
The signal interface of the turbine control system provides the coupling of the turbine package process data to the plant DCS.
Hardwired Interface
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Time critical signals, protection relevant signals, operational and important process signals
have to be exchanged hardwired. Limited scope of hardwired signal exchange is foreseen.
Data Link with OPC Interface
Comprehensive signal exchange for indication and further processing of process signals will
be realized via OPC server. Limited scope of serial OPC signal exchange is foreseen.
DESCRIPTION
The OPC server is typically used for applications that require an extended data transfer to
third-party systems combined with the request of high flexibility in the selection of data which
need to be transferred.
An OPC client program at plant DCS side can receive process data from SPPA-T3000 system via data access (DA). The OPC communication is handled via the OPC UA (unified architecture) protocol.
The OPC server will be proposed only for transferring out process data from SPPA-T3000
system to third-party systems
Cabling and programming of the client PC is not included in Siemens scope of supply.
APPLICATION SERVER AS OPC SERVER
The OPC server provides an "open" (Open Process Control) access to the SPPA-T3000 system based on the OPC standard interface for data access. The OPC server runs as a service
at the application server and becomes active when an OPC client sends a request for data to
the OPC server.
ITEM NAMES
For each value an OPC client wants to read from the SPPA-T3000 system, a unique item
name must be used to address the required value in SPPA-T3000. All such item names are
the results of the SPPA-T3000 engineering, where item names are assigned to each process
signal and to each control function.
Only configured signals can be reported cyclically or “on value change” using the subscription facilities of the OPC Server.
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Section 2.5.4.
3.5.4. Signal Interface to Plant Distributed Control
System
Page
2
-76 -1
3.5.4.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Electrical Systems
General Description
The electrical equipment is designed to assure high availability of the power plant in all
modes of operation, using very reliable and well proven equipment complying with IEC, VDE,
and DIN regulations. The basic electrical auxiliary supply scheme is shown on the electrical
single line diagram (SLD) for the Siemens Gas Turbine Package. Please refer to the figure
below. Detailed SLD is provided in Appendix “Drawings”.
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The Siemens Gas Turbine Package electrical systems provide low-voltage levels for the following components:
400 V AC:
Gas turbine related consumers
220 V DC:
Gas turbine emergency loads and control voltage
24 V DC:
Gas turbine Instrumentation & Control equipment
The following external power infeeds are necessary:
6.6 kV AC:
Static excitation equipment
Starting frequency converter
Motors (> 250 kW) for liquid fuel and water injection pumps (if systems
are installed)
400 V AC:
Main and emergency back-up infeed for power control center
230 V AC:
Uninterruptible power supply for operation and monitoring equipment if
required
The system voltages are shown in detail in the following table.
System
Rated voltage
Number
of phases
Conductors
Number of
Remarks
Generator main circuit
∼ 50 Hz; 20 kV
3
3
The neutral of the generator is grounded via an
earthing transformer.
MV system
∼ 50 Hz; 6.6 kV
3
3/PE
by others
Low Voltage system
∼ 50 Hz; 400 V
3
3/N/PE
∼ 50 Hz, 230 V
1
1/N/PE
The neutral of the low
voltage AC system is
solidly grounded.
AC UPS system
∼ 50 Hz; 230 V ±5%
1
1/N/PE
by others
DC system (power)
- 220 V +10% / -15%
2
2/PE
The 220 V DC system is
isolated from ground.
Earth faults will be detected.
DC system (control)
- 24 V+10% / -15%
2
1/M
The 24 V DC system negative pole is solidly
grounded.
∼ 50 Hz; 230 V ±10%
1
1/N/PE
The neutral of the low
voltage AC system is
solidly grounded.
Internal lighting system
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Section 2.6.1.
3.6.1. General Description
Page
2
-77 -1
3.6.1.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Generator
Transformer
Unit Auxiliary
Transformer
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6.6 kV AC
To 400 V Normal
SWGR
To 400 V Essential
SWGR
To external UPS
M
400 V AC
Generator Circuit
Breaker
SFC
Motor operated
disconnector
Electrical
Generator
SEE
~
~
~
M
~
~
M
G
220 V DC
230 V AC UPS
24 V DC
Gas Turbine Package Scope of Supply
(except Cabling)
SFC = Starting Frequency Converter
SEE = Static Excitation Equipment
Figure: Electrical Single Line Diagram for Gas Turbine Package
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Section 2.6.1.
3.6.1. General Description
Page
2
-78 -2
3.6.1.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Low Voltage Systems
The following switchgear types are used:
Type
Voltage Level
Description and Application
LV AC switchgear
400 V AC
The low voltage AC switchgear is provided to supply
the Turbine Package consumers.
220 V DC
The low voltage DC switchgear is provided to supply
the Turbine Package emergency and DC loads and
the low voltage switchgear control voltage. The battery chargers with battery backup provide the main
infeed to the low voltage DC switchgear.
BFE / BME
LV DC switchgear
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BUB / BUC
Task and Function
The LV switchgear of the turbine package is designed to provide:
–
reliable operation under all load conditions
–
protection of personnel against electric shocks and fault influence
–
easy maintenance and repair
LV AC Switchgear
LV AC switchgear is used to distribute the LV power directly to consumers or to local subdistribution boards.
GENERAL DESIGN
LV AC switchgear features:
–
type tested and fully factory assembled equipment
–
modular design by standardized feeders
–
natural cooling
–
segregated compartments for protection against arc fault and contact to live parts.
Auxiliary components, e.g. serving as the switchgear control power supply, are fixedmounted.
The switchgear panels are designed for cable connection from below. The following feeder
types and different switching components are used:
–
motor starter with molded case circuit breaker - contactor combination, direct on line
(DOL) starting
–
motor starter with motor starter protector - contactor combination, DOL starting
–
cable feeder with molded case circuit breaker
–
cable feeder with miniature circuit breaker
Remark: Cable feeder represents a permanent power supply.
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Section 2.6.2.
3.6.2. Low Voltage Systems
2 -79 -1
Page
3.6.2.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
As far as practicable power and control circuits are separated from each other. The control
voltages are provided from DC control voltage sources which are independent from the main
bus voltage.
BUSBARS
Busbars are made of electrolytic copper. All insulation material and supports have a high
creep resistance. The main horizontal busbar and the vertical connecting busbars are installed in separate compartments.
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Busbars are arranged in a five conductor configuration (L1, L2, L3, N, PE) for TN-S systems.
WITHDRAWABLE UNIT PANELS
Withdrawable units are used for cable feeders and motor starters rated up to 630 A. These
units are mounted in plug-in compartments that are tailored to the unit size.
They consist of the following compartments:
–
busbar compartment
–
feeder compartment (containing the withdrawable units)
–
cable connection compartment
WITHDRAWABLE UNITS
Standardized withdrawable units are selected according to feeder size and type. Each unit
can be plugged into their designated compartment of the switchgear panel. Each subcompartment is isolated from the others by a sheet-metal bulkhead. All primary switching
components as well as the related control equipment are integrated in the unit. Subcompartments can be modified and withdrawable units can be plugged in and out when the
switchgear is live.
All withdrawable units incorporate a plug-contact system for the main and auxiliary circuits
that can be racked in and out. A protection interlock prevents the isolating contacts from being moved when the main circuit breaker is closed.
The withdrawable units have the following features:
–
integrated maloperation protection in all withdrawable units
–
lockable switches
–
factory pre-tested
–
same size and function are interchangeable
Withdrawable units for motor feeders have three lockable operating positions:
–
connected (service position)
–
test position (main contacts disconnected, auxiliary contact connected)
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Section 2.6.2.
3.6.2. Low Voltage Systems
2 -80 -2
Page
3.6.2.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
–
disconnected (main and auxiliary contacts disconnected)
Each withdrawable unit is equipped with the following mechanical interlocked indications:
–
main breaker Open/Closed
–
position of withdrawable unit (connected-test-disconnected)
The main breaker of a withdrawable unit can be mechanically switched off for emergency
reasons locally at the switchgear.
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The following types of withdrawable units are normally used:
–
motor starter
–
cable feeder
–
multiple cable feeder
Multiple cable feeders have a various number of feeder circuits mounted on a common unit.
Each unit has individual feeder circuits which are protected by MCB’s or MCCB’s. The unit is
semi-withdrawable and can be removed after the outgoing cables are disconnected.
LV DC Switchgear
LV DC switchgear is used to distribute the DC power directly to the turbine package consumers. The battery chargers with battery back-up are connected to the DC switchgear and
provide the main infeed.
GENERAL DESIGN
LV DC switchgear features:
–
fully factory assembled equipment
–
double or single sided free standing, self supporting panels
–
natural cooling
–
segregated compartments for busbar and switching devices
DC - PANELS
The DC switchgear panels are designed for cable connection from below.
Depending on feeder type and rating different switching components are used:
–
incoming feeder with load disconnector
–
motor starter with fused disconnector - contactor combination
–
cable feeder with molded case circuit breaker, miniature circuit breaker or fused disconnector
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Section 2.6.2.
3.6.2. Low Voltage Systems
2 -81 -3
Page
3.6.2.
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Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
All switching components are of double-pole type, capable of breaking the load current and
the actual short circuit current.
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Section 2.6.2.
3.6.2. Low Voltage Systems
2 -82 -4
Page
3.6.2.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
DC and Uninterruptible Power Supply System
The uninterruptible power supply consists of 220 V DC (battery and charger) and 24 V DC
(220/24 V DC/DC converter) systems.
The 220 V DC system provides power for designated consumers (e.g. protection, control
voltage, emergency oil pump), thus ensuring a secure run down of the turboset without the
need for manual intervention in case of total loss of the AC supply.
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The 220 V DC system for each unit consists of 2x100% battery chargers connected via individual fuses to one 100% battery. One battery charger is supplied from the normal AC bus,
and the second is supplied from the essential AC bus. The battery has an adequate capacity
to supply the emergency loads for 1 hour.
The 24 V DC system is powered via 2x100% redundant DC/DC converters. Their mains are
taken from the 220 V DC battery system. The primary consumers of 24 V DC are the main
Turbine Control System (TCS) cabinets. Each TCS cabinet is designed to receive two infeeds from the redundant DC/DC converters via decoupling diodes.
It is recommended, that the AC consumers which are sensitive to short power failures, e.g.
the operation and monitoring computers for the operator and the application server, shall be
powered from an external uninterruptible power system, which is not in the scope of Siemens
Gas Turbine Package. The UPS demand of one Gas Turbine Package is less than 4 kVA.
If requested, a regulated single-phase 230 V inverter can be provided as an add-on option,
which is fed from the 220 V DC system. This inverter is provided with static bypass switch to
the low voltage switchgear (More details in Chapter “Inverter”).
Battery
Batteries provide a secure power supply to essential Turbine Package DC loads in the case
that there is a total loss of AC power.
EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION
The batteries have the following features:
–
Lead-acid type battery
–
Low internal resistance
–
Minimum electrolyte decomposition of the water under float charge conditions
–
Maintenance-free operation for approximately 5 years in accordance with DIN VDE
–
High-impact-resistant, temperature-resistant transparent or translucent plastic container
–
Enclosed design
–
Safety vent plug system
–
Bolted pole connectors, insulated poles and connectors
–
Low antimony-type batteries (Sb ≤ 3 %)
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Section 2.6.3.
3.6.3. DC and Uninterruptible Power Supply
Systems
2 -83 -1
Page
3.6.3.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
OPERATIONAL ASPECTS
The DC power supply operates without additional regulating cells or corresponding switching
devices. The batteries are operated in parallel standby mode and are kept fully charged during normal operation of the Turbine Package.
The operating voltage is 2.23 V per cell where no additional charging is necessary. Therefore
disconnection of the loads is only required in exceptional events, e.g. quick-charging of the
lead-acid batteries after emergency discharge.
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The discharge current can be drawn for a period of 1 hour after occurrence of an emergency
case. The current varies over time as a result of the static and dynamic loads.
During the discharge time the voltage of the lead-acid battery does not drop below the minimum values which are permitted for the loads. The voltage drops across the cables, fuses,
shunts and isolating diodes are considered in the battery system calculation.
Battery Charger
Battery chargers are interconnected with the stationary lead-acid battery system. They assure uninterruptible power supply to DC loads of the Turbine Package. The battery chargers
are designed for the necessary load current according to the actual static load balance and
float charge the batteries simultaneously.
EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION
The battery chargers have the following features:
–
Rectifier in three-phase full-wave bridge circuit with full control
–
Standard design with full electronic operation
–
Operation to an IU-characteristic with high temperature stability
–
Operation without parallel battery system possible
–
Functionally tested in the factory
–
Dimensioned according to DC load balance
–
Integrated supervision of thyristor fuses
–
Battery charger housed in metal-clad cubicle with doors at the front
–
All equipment installed is accessible from the front side
–
Equipped with monitoring devices and measuring instruments
At currents below the rated current, a voltage controller holds the output voltage constant. In
the event of overload, a current controller takes over from the voltage controller.
OPERATIONAL ASPECTS
The chargers can be operated in different charging modes e.g.:
Constant current/constant voltage (IU) characteristic with 2.23 V/cell (normal compensating
float charging mode I/U as per DIN 41773 or equivalent)
Constant current/constant voltage (IU) characteristic with 2.4 V/cell (boost charging mode)
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Section 2.6.3.
3.6.3. DC and Uninterruptible Power Supply
Systems
2 -84 -2
Page
3.6.3.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
DC/DC Converter
DC/DC converters are provided to supply the 24 V loads of the Turbine Package. Their
mains supply is taken from the 220 V DC switchgear.
EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION
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The DC/DC converters have the following features:
–
Converters are designed for continuous operation
–
All equipment installed is accessible from the front side
–
Prevention of overloading due to automatic current limitation
–
Automatically delayed trip in case of undervoltage
–
MCB’s and switches for the outgoing feeders are integrated in the converter cubicle
–
Equipped with monitoring devices and measuring instruments
Inverter
The inverter for uninterruptible LV AC power supply within power control center is an add-on
option.
The static inverter provides power to essential AC loads (e.g. Operating and Monitoring
computers) which require uninterruptible power supply. The mains input voltage is taken from
the 220 V DC switchgear. The integrated static bypass switch automatically switches to a
backup power supply in the case that the inverter or the corresponding DC supply fails so
that the power supply is not inerrupted.
EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION
The inverter has the following features:
–
Suitable for continuous operation in the nominal or emergency power mode
–
Housed in a metal-clad cubicle with doors at the frontside
–
All equipment installed is accessible from the front side
–
Standard design with full electronic control
–
Integrated manual bypass switch for service activities
–
Equipped with monitoring devices and measuring instruments
–
MCB’s for the outgoing feeders are integrated in the inverter cubicle
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Section 2.6.3.
3.6.3. DC and Uninterruptible Power Supply
Systems
2 -85 -3
Page
3.6.3.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
SEE and SFC including Transformer
Static Excitation Equipment
POWER SECTION
The exciter comprises an exciter transformer and a thyristor assembly in a three-phase fully
controlled bridge connection.
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For safe shut down the power section also includes a field suppressor which reduces the
current in the bridge circuit after operating the power bridges in inverter mode. If energy
feedback is not possible due to a grid fault, the field current will be reduced via a deexcitation resistor which is designed accordingly.
The thyristors in the bridge branches are protected by semiconductor fuses. Over voltage
protection is provided by a crowbar installed on DC output side of the SEE.
The power section is forced air cooled by redundant fans.
CLOSED-LOOP CONTROL
The closed loop control for generator voltage comprises two redundant digital automatic voltage regulators. The inactive channel is always in hot standby and the set points will be adjusted via the automatic follow-up function. Each automatic channel includes its own manual
controller for field current control.
The manual controller mode is used for commissioning purposes and generator protection
tests. When the SEE is operated in manual controller mode, the permitted values of the excitation current are limited by the load condition of the generator (no load, on load). The operator has to ensure that the generator is operated within its capabilities.
When connected to the grid and automatic mode is selected, the generator voltage set-point
will be held within the generator voltage regulation range of 95% to 105%, where 100% generator voltage represent generator rated voltage.
The limiting functions of the automatic channel ensure that the generator is operated within
its capability limits during grid operation. The following limiting and control functions are included:
–
Stator current limitation
–
Max. rotor current limitation (field forcing)
–
Over excitation limitation (field current)
–
Under excitation limitation
–
V/f limitation
–
Settable droop for reactive power
–
Power System Stabiliser (PSS) as feature of the closed loop control
POWER SUPPLY
The SEE is fed via the SEE transformer from the medium-voltage supply of the power plant’s
auxiliary power supply system.
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Section 2.6.4.
3.6.4. SEE and SFC including Transformer
Page
2
-86 -1
3.6.4.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
OPERATING ASPECTS
The Static Excitation Equipment (SEE) generates a magnetic field in the generator. The exciter energy is fed via collector rings to the rotor winding.
The communication interface between the SEE and TCS is a redundant PROFI bus DP connection. The standard telegram from the SEE to the TCS has a bidirectional design. Signal
exchange to the SEE comprises all commands for SEE and SFC operation and the set-point
values for different SEE closed loop controls. The opposite direction from the SEE to the
TCS includes the feedback signals, actual values and several alarm signals.
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An operator control panel is installed on the front door of the control cabinet. Local or remote
operation can be selected by using the key switch at the control cabinet.
During normal generator operation, the set-points are set in the TCS control room. All actual
values and status messages that are required for operation will be sent to the TCS control
room. Additionally, all transmitted messages can be displayed more detailed on the local
operator panel.
Starting Frequency Converter
POWER SECTION
The power section of the starting frequency converter consists of the following components:
–
Two fully controlled three-phase thyristor bridges, one line-side converter and one generator-side converter
–
Current DC link reactor decouples the line side and generator side converters
–
Surge arresters on the line side and generator side converter
–
Radial fans for heat dissipation
–
The thyristor bridge will be synchronized via a Yy voltage transformer installed in the medium voltage equipment, with 100V secondary voltage
CLOSED-LOOP CONTROL
The line-side converter is operated in rectifier mode and directs the active power taken from
the power supply to the DC link. The closed-loop control consists of a closed-loop speed
control with subsidiary closed-loop current control and a gating unit set which provides the
ignition pulses that are required to control the converter.
The generator-side converter is operated in inverter mode in load-controlled operation. The
maximum delay angle is altered as a function of the speed and the DC link current.
The current in the generator-side converter is commutated by the machine’s terminal voltage.
The DC link current is switched from one stator winding to the next to establish a rotating
field in the three-phase stator winding thus operating the generator as synchronous motor.
At start up and up to a minimum speed, the terminal voltage of the generator is not sufficient
for commutation in the generator-side converter. By operating the line side converter in inverter mode, the DC link current will be reduced to zero in order to ensure correct commutation of the thyristors.
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Section 2.6.4.
3.6.4. SEE and SFC including Transformer
Page
2
-87 -2
3.6.4.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
The rotor position is determined by the voltage induced in the stator winding. An additional
rotor position detector is not necessary.
OPEN-LOOP CONTROL
The open-loop and closed-loop control for the SFC operates in coordination with the associated SEE equipment. During SFC operation, the SFC signal exchange with the TCS is realized via the existing PROFI bus communication interface with the SEE of the turbine set that
will be started.
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The SFC’s responds to faults in 3 different ways:
–
Trip: Triggers the SFC to trip for critical faults
–
Warning: Indicates faults without interrupting operation
–
Not ready: Blocks the SFC from operating
The actual values for the turbine set speed and DC link current during start operation can be
displayed locally.
POWER SUPPLY
The SFC is fed via the SFC transformer from the medium-voltage supply of the power plant’s
auxiliary power supply system.
OPERATING ASPECTS
The SFC is used to drive the generator in synchronous motor operation mode to accelerate
the gas turbine set. Synchronous motor operation requires excitation power fed to generator
field windings over the complete speed range. During SFC operation the SEE controls the
excitation current according to the SFC requirements.
SFC operation is automatically controlled by the TCS sub group control for each operating
mode, except washing mode.
The SFC is designed for four consecutive gas turbine starts with 2.5 minute pauses between
starts. After 4 consecutive starts, a cooling down time of at least 2 h must be observed.
The starting frequency converter is designed for the following operating modes:
Unit Start
Washing
The SFC provides rated output power to start up the gas turbine set. The
gas turbine will be fired at a low speed range and the SFC supports the
acceleration until self-sustaining speed of gas turbine is reached and
switches off at 70% of nominal speed.
The turbine is turned to clean the gas turbine compressor and turbine
blades. Depending on turbine type, constant or variable speed operation
can be provided at a low speed range. The gas turbine is not fired during
this operation. This mode is initiated manually from the TCS.
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Section 2.6.4.
3.6.4. SEE and SFC including Transformer
Page
2
-88 -3
3.6.4.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Purging
The gas turbine must operate in purge mode prior to each gas turbine start.
Residual ignitable gases are blown out of the stack and/or the heat recovery steam generator of simple-cycle or combined-cycle units. Depending on
the turbine type, constant or variable speed operation can be provided at a
low speed range. Purging operation for the stack will be performed for 10
Minutes. The gas turbine is not fired during this operation.
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CONNECTION TO GENERATOR CIRCUIT BREAKER
To perform a start-up of the gas turbine, the generator circuit breaker must be equipped with
a start-up isolator, which gives the possibility to feed SFC power to the generator stator windings. During SFC operation, the generator stator voltage is limited to SFC nominal voltage.
During generator operation, the external isolator must be kept open to avoid damage to the
power section of the SFC caused by the higher generator voltage. In the arrangement of the
isolator assembly, the fuses must be installed on the side of the isolator that connects to the
SFC output. These fuses protect the power cables between the start-up isolator and the SFC
power section against a generator-driven overcurrent, which can occur under certain fault
conditions.
The fuses must be installed in all 3 phases. The fuses and the necessary monitoring contacts
(1 micro switch per phase necessary) are in the Siemens scope of supply. Depending on the
SFC type, the following fuses must be installed in the start-up isolator assembly:
SFC Type
5.0 MW
Fuse Type
38URD173TTF0400
Manufacturer
Number of fuses per phase
MERSEN
4
Transformers for SEE and SFC
The low voltage transformers for the SFC and SEE are cast-resin transformers.
MAIN CHARACTERISTICS
The SFC and SEE transformers are three-phase, two-winding power transformers with following design:
–
Iron core with three shanks
–
Dry-type insulation
–
AN cooling system
–
Aluminum foil HV windings and aluminum strip LV windings.
–
Temperature detectors in LV coils of each phase
–
Temperature detector in the middle core shank
–
Tapping links on the HV side which can be adjusted under de-energized condition
–
For outdoor installation a metal enclosure is provided with IP23DHW protection degree.
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Section 2.6.4.
3.6.4. SEE and SFC including Transformer
Page
2
-89 -4
3.6.4.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Protection, Synchronization, Measuring
Generator Protection
TASK AND FUNCTION
The electrical generator protection serves to protect the generator.
CHARACTERISTICS
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The protection relays are of the numerical type. The main features are as follows:
–
Different protective and supervisory functions are implemented in each relay.
–
Each housing contains a protective device that includes a DC/DC converter for the power
supply, potential and current transformers, A/D converter, electronic unit, watch dog, binary inputs and trip relays.
–
Fully digital measured value processing and control from data acquisition and digitalization of measured values up to the trip decision for the circuit breakers.
–
The internal processing circuits are galvanically isolated from the measurement inputs,
external control signals, shielded communication links and power supply circuit.
–
Microcomputer based design provides self-monitoring functions to ensure proper functionality of the complete relay.
–
Annunciation of malfunctions.
–
Numerical processing eliminates drift of measured values, trigger thresholds or curve
characteristics caused by temperature effects or ageing.
–
In the event of faults, the current and voltage values are recorded and stored in the device to assist with trouble-shooting.
–
The integrated clock management system stamps the time and date for each event including fault events. The time and date are synchronized with the turbine I&C system.
–
Measured and calculated real time values can be shown on the integrated LC display.
–
Integrated control and/or numeric keys in conjunction with the LC display facilitate local
interaction with the protection device. A serial operator interface (PC port) on the front
panel is provided for local communications through a personal computer using DIGSI®
software.
–
The menu-guided software (DIGSI®) provided allows convenient access to settings and
parameterization as well as readout of process and fault signals and fault records.
–
All application specific data is stored on EEPROMs, so that no information is lost even
when the device is switched off (no batteries required).
–
All operational alarms, global alarms as well as settings and self-monitoring alarms will
be stored.
–
Insensitive to voltage and current transformer errors, transient conditions and interference.
–
The protection relays can be programmed to lock-out the trip commands. The signals can
be reset manually. Outputs for tripping are directly hardwired to the circuit breaker trip
coils or to devices which will be tripped.
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Section 2.6.5.
3.6.5. Protection, Synchronization, Metering and
Measuring
2 -90 -1
Page
3.6.5.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
–
The protection cubicles are designed with a common 2 x 100% power supply, coming
from independent DC supplies where possible. Loss of either power supply is announced.
PROTECTION FUNCTIONS
The protection functions are divided into protection group 1 and 2. Group 1 and 2 are implemented in different relays which are located in different panels. The complete partitioning of
the protection functions is subject to adjustment by the contractor during project execution.
GENERATOR PROTECTION
Protection Group 1
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Generator differential protection
ANSI No.
87G
Protection Group 2
ANSI No.
Generator differential protection
87G
Rotor earth fault protection
(1-3 Hz voltage injection method)
64F
Stator earth fault prot. (100%)
(20 Hz voltage injection method)
64G
Stator earth fault prot. (90%)
(rms value at secondary of neutral earthing transformer)
51G
Stator earth fault prot. (90%)
(displacement method via open
delta winding)
59N
Reverse power protection
32R
Reverse power protection
32R
Impedance protection
21
Impedance protection
21
Definite time overcurrent prot.
(long time delay: Itend>)
51
Definite time overcurrent prot.
(long time delay: Itend>)
51
(In Generator prot. when Transformer
prot. is not in SIEMENS scope.)
(In Generator prot. when Transformer
prot. is not in SIEMENS scope.)
Underexcitation protection
40
Underexcitation protection
40
Overvoltage protection
59
Overvoltage protection
59
Overfrequency protection
- stage 1 (grid disconnection)
- stage 2 (turbine shut down)
81
Overfrequency protection
- stage 1 (grid disconnection)
- stage 2 (turbine shut down)
81
Underfrequency protection
- stage 1 (grid disconnection)
- stage 2 (turbine shut down)
81
Underfrequency protection
- stage 1 (grid disconnection)
- stage 2 (turbine shut down)
81
Breaker failure protection
(for units with Generator CB)
50BF
Breaker failure protection
(for units with Generator CB)
50BF
Inadvertent energization
50/27
Inadvertent energization
50/27
Generator unbalanced load prot.
46
Generator unbalanced load prot.
46
Out of step protection
78
Out of step protection
78
Overexcitation protection U/f
24
Overexcitation protection U/f
24
SFC earth fault monitoring
(for starting frequency converter)
59NDC
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Section 2.6.5.
3.6.5. Protection, Synchronization, Metering and
Measuring
2 -91 -2
Page
3.6.5.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Protection Group 1
Generator voltage monitoring
ANSI No.
60FL
Protection Group 2
Generator voltage monitoring
ANSI No.
60FL
Trip circuit supervision Gen CB
(for units with Generator CB)
74TC-G
Trip circuit supervision Gen CB
(for units with Generator CB)
74TC-G
Trip circuit supervision Unit CB
74TC-U
Trip circuit supervision Unit CB
74TC-U
(In Generator prot. when Transformer
prot. is not in SIEMENS scope.)
(In Generator prot. when Transformer
prot. is not in SIEMENS scope.)
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For further information concerning the protection functions, the protection relays and also for
the synchronization device please refer to the internet www.siprotec.com.
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Section 2.6.5.
3.6.5. Protection, Synchronization, Metering and
Measuring
2 -92 -3
Page
3.6.5.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Synchronization
APPLICATION
An automatic synchronization unit including an automatic paralleling device is furnished for
connecting the generator to the grid with the generator circuit breaker or via the HV circuit
breaker (if applicable). The length of the cables for synchronization between the HV circuit
breaker and the offered synchronization system shall not exceed 700 meters. The earthing
systems between the power plant and the HV switchyard shall be linked.
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The automatic synchronization process is initiated by the start-up program of the I&C system
or by a manually given operator command. The following synchronization sequence is controlled by the automatic synchronizing unit:
The synchronizing unit checks automatically whether the necessary conditions are met:
phase angle, voltage and frequency on both sides of the open breaker.
Setpoint commands are given to the frequency and voltage balancing devices to adjust the
speed of the turbine and the voltage of the generator until synchronous conditions are nearly
achieved. Then the automatic paralleling device gives the CLOSE command to the respective circuit breaker so that the contacts of the circuit breaker are closed during synchronous
conditions. The closing time of the relevant circuit breaker is taken into account.
A high degree of safety and reliability of the automatic paralleling device are guaranteed by
virtue of its multichannel design. The device contains two independent analog voltage inputs, two analog to digital convertors, two logically independent measurement algorithms and
two closing circuits controlled by different criteria. The device continuously monitors the
measured values as well as the internal hardware and software. The two methods of measurement (envelope curve principle and zero crossing principle) are based on autonomous
firmware blocks and make decisions independent of one another via the respective control
circuit. The two closing contacts are connected in series to energize the breaker CLOSE
command. The design is illustrated in the following scheme (Figure 1).
Figure 1
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Section 2.6.5.
3.6.5. Protection, Synchronization, Metering and
Measuring
2 -93 -4
Page
3.6.5.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
MANUAL SYNCHRONIZATION
Manual synchronization is an add-on option.
As back-up to automatic synchronization, the operator can manually change the setpoints for
frequency and voltage in the I&C and can give the close command to the respective breaker.
Closing the breaker is only possible under synchronous conditions, which are verified by a
synchro-check relay.
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The voltages and frequencies associated with the breaker to be synchronized have to be
indicated in the control room by a synchronizing set (double voltmeter, double frequency meter, synchronoscope). The synchronizing set shall be provided by others since the control
room is not within the scope of Siemens.
CHARACTERISTICS
The main features of the synchronizing unit are:
–
Dual channel numerical type automatic paralleling device
–
Automatic voltage balancing adjustment
–
Automatic speed balancing adjustment
–
Automatic angle adjustment
–
Rack type enclosure for installation in the protection cubicles.
–
Synchro-Check relay for verification of manual closing (add-on option)
Measuring
The generator phase-to-phase voltages, generator phase currents, frequency, and generator
active power are transmitted to the turbine I&C system for control and remote indication.
The transducers are installed in the protection cubicles.
Function Diagram Overview
All functions mentioned above, the main interconnections of the electrical generator protection, synchronization and metering and measuring are shown in the function diagram
(please refer to Appendix “Drawings”).
Transformer Protection
TASK AND FUNCTION
Transformer Protection is an add-on option.
The transformer protection serves to protect the unit transformer and unit auxiliary transformer including their connections.
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Section 2.6.5.
3.6.5. Protection, Synchronization, Metering and
Measuring
2 -94 -5
Page
3.6.5.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
CHARACTERISTICS
The characteristics are shown in the generator protection section.
PROTECTION FUNCTIONS
The protection functions are divided into protection group 1 and 2. Group 1 and 2 are implemented in different relays which are located in different panels. The complete partitioning of
the protection functions is subject to adjustment by the contractor during project execution.
UNIT TRANSFORMER PROTECTION
Protection Group 1
ANSI No.
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Transformer differential prot.
87UT
Protection Group 2
Definite time overcurrent prot.
ANSI No.
50/51UT
Earth fault protection
51N
UNIT AUXILIARY TRANSFORMER PROTECTION
Protection Group 1
ANSI No.
Transformer differential prot.
87UAT
Protection Group 2
Definite time overcurrent prot.
ANSI No.
50/51UAT
Earth fault protection
51N
Protection Group 2
ANSI No.
UNIT PROTECTION
Protection Group 1
ANSI No.
Definite time overcurrent prot.
(long time delay: Itend>)
51
Bus earth fault detection on LV
side of unit transformer
(for units with Generator CB)
59N
Overexcitation (U/f)
Trip circuit supervision Unit CB
74TC-U
Trip circuit supervision Unit CB
24
74TC-U
FUNCTION DIAGRAM OVERVIEW
All of the functions mentioned above, the main interconnections of the electrical generator,
transformer protection, synchronization, metering and measuring are shown in the function
diagram (please refer to Appendix “Drawings”).
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Section 2.6.5.
3.6.5. Protection, Synchronization, Metering and
Measuring
2 -95 -6
Page
3.6.5.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Generator Connection to the IPB, Neutral Earthing and Current Transformers
Line Side Connection to the IPB
The generator provides an interface for single phase encapsulated connection of the isolated
phase busducts (IPB) (by others). It is recommended that the enclosure of the IPB (typically
phase L2) is used as ground bus.
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Connection of a Hydrogen-cooled Generator
The IPB (by others) shall be sealed air-tight to the generator bushings to impede ingress of
hydrogen into the IPB for the case of hydrogen leakage at the generator terminals. The connection between IPB conductor and generator terminal shall be realized via silver plated flexible copper links by others. For the line side terminals of the generator Siemens will deliver
the corresponding line side shells covering the generator bushings and connections for the
ventilation system.
Ventilation System
The purpose of the ventilation system - consisting of the ventilation skid and air ducts to the
line side terminal shells and neutral connection box - is to prevent a hydrogen concentration
in the bushing area of the generator. The ventilation requirement is based on a hydrogen
leakage rate specified in IEC 60034-3.
The ventilation system is a redundant system. Each fan is equipped with one flow sensor for
control and monitoring.
Neutral Tie Enclosure, Neutral Earthing Cubicle
The build-up of generator neutral is realized within a special generator neutral tie enclosure.
The enclosure has to be mechanical fastened to the generator by means of insulated screws.
The enclosure is linked to the generator housing via a specified earthing connection.
The short circuit bars and end connectors of the generator neutral terminals are installed in
this enclosure.
The generator neutral point earthing equipment consisting of earthing transformer and secondary resistor is installed in a separate neutral earthing cubicle, located near the generator
and directly connected to the generator neutral terminals by a cable with a maximum length
of 20 meters.
The earthing cubicle is natural cooled and encapsulated in accordance with the protection
class IP54.
The single phase dry type neutral earthing transformer has a rating of 135 kVA for 20 seconds (duty type S2).
Current Transformers
The generator current transformers for protection and measuring (ring type) are installed on
the generator bushings at the neutral and at the IPB side. The CTs for protection are PR type
(low remanence) and for measuring type 0.2FS10 according to IEC 61869-2 and ATEX
94/9/EG. Details are shown in the Single Line Diagram.
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Section 2.6.6.
3.6.6. Generator Connection, Neutral Connection,
Current Transformers
Page
2
-96 -1
3.6.6.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Electrical Equipment Locations
A substantial portion of the electrical and turbine control equipment of the gas turbine package is installed in standardized, prefabricated power control centers (PCC), located close to
the corresponding turbine unit.
Equipment Description
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The features of the PCC modules as described below make them equivalent to a conventionally constructed housing/building:
–
The degree of protection of the PCC’s is IP54
–
The switchgear room temperature in the PCC modules is controlled between 10°C and
35°C with air-conditioning units. One redundant air conditioning aggregate is provided
(n+1 principle).
–
The air is cleaned with a filter. Any ingress of moisture or dust by leakage is prevented by
the sealed construction. Additionally the heat exchangers dehydrate the replacement air
so that condensation inside the modules cannot occur.
–
PCC external cables by others penetrate the PCC from the bottom. For cable entry into
the PCC, steel or aluminium sheets are provided where cable glands can be assembled.
–
The prefabricated cable connections inside of the Power Control Centers are provided
according to OEM standard in compliance with IEC codes and with flame propagation retarding according to IEC 60332-3-24 (cat. C).
Equipment installed in the PCCs
–
Gas turbine protection
–
Starting frequency converter (SFC)
–
Static excitation equipment (SEE)
–
Low voltage switchgear (AC and DC)
–
Battery, Battery charger
–
DC/DC converters
–
Electrical generator and optional transformer protection and synchronizing equipment,
including generator measuring
–
Turbine Control System (TCS) cabinets
–
Control unit for fire protection and gas detection (if not installed in turbine building)
–
PCC auxiliary cubicle for PCC lighting and HVAC control
–
Inverter (optional)
Benefits of the PCC concept:
–
Basic pre-commissioning of the electrical and main TCS equipment by specialized Siemens staff at the manufacturing facilities
–
Minimizing of transportation risks due to special dispatch of the complete PCC modules
–
Shortened final commissioning and on time start-up at site
–
Modular design
–
No intermediate site storage for equipment required
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Section 2.6.7.
3.6.7. Electrical Equipment Locations
Page
2
-97 -1
3.6.7.
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Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Equipment installed outdoors
–
Dry-type transformers for static excitation equipment (SEE) and starting frequency converter (SFC) with metal enclosure located near the corresponding PCC
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Section 2.6.7.
3.6.7. Electrical Equipment Locations
Page
2
-98 -2
3.6.7.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Black Box Systems
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Black Boxes are designated systems or subsystems that include their own process-, control-,
and electrical equipment. All components of black box systems will be designed in accordance with the Siemens “Specification for the Electrical and I&C Design and Layout of components in the scope of Siemens Gasturbine Package and manufacturer’s standard in compliance with IEC codes”.
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Section 2.6.8.
3.6.8. Black Boxes
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-99 -1
3.6.8.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Control of Main Electrical Equipment
The main control and monitoring functions of the electrical equipment are integrated into the
turbine control system (TCS) in order to minimize the local control and monitoring activities
required. Also the main Gas Turbine automation and interlocks are realized in the TCS.
Relevant safety interlocks e.g. earthing switches and protection are hardwired. The main
circuit breakers are operated and monitored remotely by the TCS. The circuit breakers my be
switched off locally at the switchgear in emergency situations.
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All electric motor feeders of the Gas Turbine equipment (Black Boxes excluded) will only be
operated and monitored from the TCS. Other equipment interfaces with the TCS to indicate
its operational status and general fault signals.
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Section 2.6.9.
3.6.9. Control of Main Electrical Equipment
Page
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-100-1
3.6.9.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Modes of Operation
The turbine control system ensures that under normal operating conditions there is no need
to control the electrical system by manual intervention. The following brief outline describes
the electrical aspects of the different modes of operation:
Start-up, Synchronization and Loading
The control system runs sequentially, so that the start-up of the turbine can only begin after
all specific plant preparations have been made (e.g. fuel system).
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First, the starting frequency converter will be connected to the generator leads. Next, the
frequency converter and the static excitation system are energized. The static excitation system is controlled in such a way that with increasing generator speed the maximum operating
voltage of the static frequency converter is not exceeded.
Once the turbine unit has reached approximately 70% of the rated speed the starting frequency converter (SFC) and the static excitation equipment (SEE) are switched off. The turbine accelerates itself up to synchronous speed. Above 90% of rated speed, no-load excitation may be applied.
Synchronizing equipment is used to automatically synchronize the generator to the grid. After
synchronization conditions are reached, the ON-command is given to the generator circuit
breaker or the HV-breaker to connect the generator with the grid.
After synchronization, the power controller loads the turbine according to a pre-set gradient
to the required power.
Normal Shutdown Operation
The normal shutdown of the turbine package will be performed by a sequence initiated by the
operator from the CCR. After unloading the gas turbine to less than 2 MW, the generator
circuit breaker will be opened (disconnection of the generator from the grid) and the auxiliary
supply will remain supplied from the HV grid via the generator transformer and the unit auxiliary transformer.
Emergency Shutdown
In the case of an emergency shutdown caused by a failure in the main AC auxiliary power
supply, the AC power required for a safe shut down to turning gear operation has to be provided by an essential AC supply (e.g. an emergency diesel backed-up load center). If the
essential AC power supply also fails, the gas turbine is shut down safely to standstill by the
DC emergency lube oil pump fed from the turbine package battery system.
Emergency Load Requirement
The 400 V power requirements are approximately 275 kVA during emergency turning gear
operation of the gas turbine (no normal 400 V supply available). The largest motor started
under these conditions is 90 kW.
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Section 2.6.10.
3.6.10. Modes of Operation
Page
2
-101 -1
3.6.10.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Electric Motors
The voltage level as shown in the table below are considered for the design of electric motors.
Consumer Description
Voltage Specification
Motor Voltage
(voltages at consumer terminals)
50 Hz; 6.6 kV
Prated > 250 kW
±10% normal operation
-15% during start-up
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3 ph + PE
Motor Voltage
50 Hz; 400 V
Prated ≤ 250 kW
±10% normal operation
-20% during start-up
3 ph + PE
High Voltage Motors (if applicable)
Electric motors with a power supply voltage higher than 1 kV are defined as High-Voltage
(HV) motors.
TASK AND FUNCTION
Within the Siemens Gas Turbine Package system, HV electric motors are used to drive
–
The liquid fuel injection pump (if system is installed)
–
The NOX water injection pump (if system is installed with motor > 250 kW)
EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION
The motors are of the squirrel-cage induction, direct-on-line starting type.
All motors have enclosures with a degree of protection of at least IP54. The motor terminal
box has a degree of protection of IP55.
Each HV-motor located outdoors is equipped with a space heater.
The motor cooling is provided by integral shaft mounted fans.
The motors are designed according to insulation class F. Motor operation at rated conditions
will not exceed class B temperature limits. Motor operation under permissible voltage and
frequency tolerances will not exceed class F temperature limits.
The insulation comprises epoxy-resin with an excellent long-term service record. Insulation
with a high electrical strength is used to withstand the voltage stress caused by the vacuum
switching technology.
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Section 2.6.11.
3.6.11. Electric Motors
Page
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-102 -1
3.6.11.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
POWER RATING
The rated power of the motor is selected to meet the torque characteristic requirements of
the driven machine over the entire working range. Under full load condition of the driven machine the electric motor has a design margin of 5% shaft power.
OPERATING CONDITIONS
Motors are designed for mode of operation S1 (“continuous duty”).
The permissible frequency and voltage variation is according to IEC60034-1, figure 12
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The motor shaft including coupling to the driven machine will be designed to withstand a
power supply change-over (phase sequence and phase rotation remain unchanged) to the
second source with 40% rated voltage at phase opposition without damage to the coupled
shaft and the rotor winding.
START-UP REQUIREMENTS
The start-up current does not exceed 5.5 times (± 20% according to IEC60034-1) the rated
current for motors up to 2MW.
With the driven machine coupled, the motors are designed to accelerate to nominal speed
considering a maximum voltage drop at the motor terminals to 85% of nominal voltage at
rated frequency.
The motors are designed to allow three consecutive starts from cold and two from the hot
state. The rest period between the individual starts is 1 minute.
MONITORING
The high-voltage motors are equipped with the following monitoring equipment:
–
2x3 resistance winding temperature detectors PT 100
–
1 resistance bearing temperature detector PT 100 per bearing (only applicable for sleeve
bearings)
TESTING
All motors are routine tested in the factory according to IEC specification.
Low Voltage Motors
Electric motors with a power supply voltage up to 1kV are defined as Low-Voltage (LV) motors. Motor actuators are not covered by this specification.
TASK AND FUNCTION
Within the Siemens Gas Turbine Package, LV electric motor requirements will be applied for
motors with a rating of 250 kW and lower.
EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION
The motors are of the squirrel-cage induction, direct-on-line starting type.
All motors operating indoors and outdoors have at least IP54 enclosures.
The motor terminal box has a degree of protection of IP55.
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Section 2.6.11.
3.6.11. Electric Motors
Page
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-103 -2
3.6.11.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
The motors are designed according to insulation class F. Motor operation at rated conditions
will not exceed class B temperature limits. Motor operation under permissible voltage and
frequency tolerances will not exceed class F temperature limits.
POWER RATING
The rated power of the motor is selected to meet the torque characteristic requirements of
the driven machine over the entire working range.
OPERATING CONDITIONS
Motors are designed for mode of operation S1 („continuous duty“).
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The permissible frequency and voltage variation is according to IEC60034-1, Figure 12.
The motor shaft including coupling to the driven machine will be designed to withstand a
power supply change-over (phase sequence and phase rotation remain unchanged) to the
second source with 40% rated voltage at phase opposition without damage to the coupled
shaft and the rotor winding.
START-UP REQUIREMENTS
With the driven machine coupled, the motors are designed to accelerate to nominal speed
considering a maximum voltage drop at the motor terminals to 80% of nominal voltage at
rated frequency.
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Section 2.6.11.
3.6.11. Electric Motors
Page
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-104 -3
3.6.11.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Enclosures / Noise Protection
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The gas turbine package is designed for indoor plant application. Depending on required
limitations of noise levels or the expose to the environment and depending on the component
enclosed, enclosures provide
–
Noise reduction for indoor installation
–
Fire detection and fire fighting measures
–
Natural draft or forced ventilation system for heat removal
–
Gas detection (within the gas turbine enclosure)
Enclosure for Gas Turbine with Fuel Gas Section
To reduce the noise level for the Gas Turbine and the Fuel Gas Section a noise enclosure
including forced ventilation and lighting is supplied.
Exhaust Air
Fans
Intake
Dampers
Fuel Gas Section
Figure: Enclosures - Gas Turbine Enclosure
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Section 2.7.1.
3.7.1. Enclosure for Gas Turbine
Page
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-105-1
3.7.1.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Description
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The gas turbine enclosure comprises:
–
Structural steel frame
–
Noise abatement panels (indoor)
–
Doors with windows,
–
Internal platforms
–
Internal lighting and emergency escape lighting system
–
Ventilation system consisting of intake and exhaust dampers and silencers and exhaust
fans
–
Fire detection and CO2 fire fighting system
–
Gas detection system
Good Serviceability
The gas turbine enclosure is designed for easy maintenance conditions due to the following
features:
–
Noise absorbing panels can be partly or completely removed from the structural steel by
easy and quick fixing connections.
–
Structural steel frame is constructed by bolted and screwed connections and can be removed partly (roof area, top half from the centerline of the gas turbine on).
–
Fans on the roof need not be removed - additional advantage for quick roof dismantling.
–
Panels with integrated rubber sealings (to improve CO2 tightness) avoid long and difficult
removal, re-fixing and destruction of sealings.
–
Electrical installations inside the enclosure (fire detection system, lighting system) are installed with plug connections.
Figure: Enclosures - Enclosure steel work with
screwed connection flanges (typical example)
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Figure: Enclosures - Single side and
roof panels (typical example)
Section 2.7.1.
3.7.1. Enclosure for Gas Turbine
Page
2
-106-2
3.7.1.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Forced Ventilation for Gas Turbine Noise Enclosure with Fuel Gas section
Ventilation is provided by a sub-atmospheric ventilation system.
Basically the ventilation system maintains the following functions:
–
Purging and removal of harmful vapours from the enclosure.
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–
Maintaining of a defined temperature range inside the enclosure.
The acoustic enclosure is ventilated by means of a mechanical exhaust system.
Air from the surrounding space is drawn in as ventilation air to the acoustic enclosure via air
intakes at low level. The exhaust air is exhausted into the atmosphere by an exhaust airhandling unit. In operation, this system causes a slightly lower pressure within the acoustic
enclosure than the ambient pressure.
The ventilation system is sufficient to exhaust the waste heat to the atmosphere and is designed as dilution ventilation for explosion protection.
Design Criteria:
– Intake air temperature into enclosure
+ 5 °C to + 4 5 °C
–
Maximum temperature inside enclosure
+ 55 °C (avera ge)
Pencl<patm
Exhaust
Air
Pencl
Patm
Intake
Air
Figure: Enclosures - Schematic of subatmospheric Ventilation System
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Section 2.7.1.
3.7.1. Enclosure for Gas Turbine
Page
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-107-3
3.7.1.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Gas Detection and Fire Protection System
Gas Detection System
General
The gas detection system is provided to monitor dangerous areas in order to warn the operation personnel immediately in the event of a fuel-gas leakage within the gas turbine area and
the gas skid.
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System Description
The control and indication of the gas detection system is carried out by a main control unit.
The main control unit may be integrated in the GT local fire alarm panel; however it works
independently from the fire detection system. Detectors which are sensitive to the monitored
gas will be installed at certain danger areas.
In the event that gas is detected the operation personnel will be warned against the hazardous situation by audible alarm and the gas turbine will be tripped when the second alarm
level is reached. In areas with a high noise level a visual alarm is provided additionally.
Description of Components
The detectors are of the infra red (IR) type and suitable for natural gas (Methane CH4). The
detectors are located in front of the GT enclosure ventilation fans and in the area of the fuel
gas valves. Audible and visual alarm devices are located in the supervised areas and at the
control station.
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Section 2.8.1.
3.8.1. Gas Detection System
Page
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-108-1
3.8.1.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Fire Protection System
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Fire Detection System
The fire detection and alarm system is designed to monitor the specified areas and to release the corresponding fire extinguishing systems.
The fire detection system consists of one Local Fire Alarm Panel (LFAP), fire detectors,
horns and beacons. The LFAP is equipped with a redundant CPU for higher reliability and
availability. A separate battery back up system with a capacity of 24h ensures the reliable
power supply in case of a black-out.
The LFAP provides specific alarm signals to the Main Fire Alarm Panel to ensure the comprehensive information for operational personnel. The different fire detector types are arranged in groups. Generally the activation of one detector type leads to a fire alarm, the activation of the second detectors group releases the fire fighting system. The Gas Turbine will
be tripped in case of fire at the gas turbine, at a fuel supply skid, at the lube oil supply skid or
inside a PCC.
The fire detection system will be provided covering the detection areas as outlined in section
“Scope of Supply”.
Fire Extinguishing System
The fire extinguishing system comprises following main components:
− battery of high pressure cylinders including cylinder valves and racks, including loss monitoring system.
− connection lines to protected areas including all necessary fittings and supports, manifold,
connection hoses, check valves, sectional and relief valves.
− pipe work including all necessary fittings and supports
− discharge nozzles
The main supply will be according to the largest volume to be protected, considering a specific leakage rate of the enclosures.
The fire extinguishing system will be provided covering the extinguishing areas as outlined in
section “Scope of Supply”.
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Section 2.8.2.
3.8.2. Fire Protection System
2 -109-1
Page
3.8.2.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Generator
Major Characteristics and Benefits
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The electrical generator converts the mechanical energy of the turbine into electrical power.
The electrical generator also serves as a starting motor for static start-up with a starting frequency converter from turning gear speed in case of a gas turbine application.
As one of the main international market leaders in manufacture of synchronous generators,
Siemens Power Generation has decades of experience in production of reliable and high
efficiency generators. Continuous improvement in materials, insulation systems, cooling systems, design tools and methods, production automation, project management, and innovation have resulted in a world-class line of hydrogen-cooled generators. Modular design concepts provide high efficiency and reliable operation with low maintenance requirements.
For simple-cycle power plants the hydrogen-cooled generator is Siemens standard.
The large hydrogen-cooled series of generators SGen5-2000H for 50 Hz applications are
designed according to IEC standards. These generators cover a wide rating range up to 560
MVA at line voltage levels up to 22 kV.
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Section 2.9.1.
3.9.1. Major Characteristics and Benefits
Page
2
-110-1
3.9.1.
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Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Excitation End
Coupling
Frame
OmegaTM
cooler
TM
Performance Plus
Shaft seal
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Bushings
Stator core
Stator End
Winding
Spring
mounted
stator
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Bearing
Turbine
End
Coupling
Rotor
Cooler
Connections
Figure: Generator SGen5-2000H Arrangement
Section 2.9.2.
3.9.2. Arrangement
2 -111-1
Page
3.9.2.
Bearing
Bracket
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Detailed Description
Stator
STATOR CORE
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Thin laminations of high grade, low loss silicon steel are consolidated to form the stator core.
Each lamination is electrically insulated with high temperature capability material. The laminations are stacked to form the stator core with finger-plates and heavy end-plates at each end.
Key bars and insulated through bolts are used to maintain core integrity and tightness. The
resultant stator core assembly has long lasting tightness, mechanical ruggedness, and excellent heat transfer characteristics.
Heat induced directly in the core by alternative magnetic flux and heat conducted into the core
from the stator coils is removed by hydrogen, which flows through radial ventilation passages
spaced regularly along the length of the core. Additionally, there is noticeable cooling at the
tips of the stator teeth, where they protrude into the turbulent airflow conditions in the air gap.
The core assembly is spring suspended from the frame by steel spring assemblies, which isolate the frame and foundation from core vibration. This spring suspension is specially designed
to limit torque build up experienced during power system faults.
STATOR WINDING
The stator winding is a two-layer, lap-wound winding. Each coil in the winding consists of two
half coils which are completely formed before insertion into the stator slots. A half coil is made
of multiple insulated strands, which are internally transposed within each coil side to eliminate
the need for external series transpositions. Each half coil is connected either with another half
coil or to parallel rings in order to form the stator winding.
STATOR END WINDING
The stator end winding is built by the coil involutes being consolidated on a support ring and
support brackets. The resulting basket structure withstands transient forces from a three
phase short circuit. At the same time the assembly allows thermal expansion and contraction
during operation.
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Section 2.9.3.
3.9.3. Detailed Description
Page
2
-112-1
3.9.3.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
STATOR WINDING INSULATION
Siemens is using individual Vacuum Pressure Impregnated (VPI) as well as Global Vacuum
Pressure Impregnated (GVPI) technology with a well proven epoxy-mica insulation system.
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In VPI technology the bars are taped with mica film, pressed to the required size and immersed in epoxy resin under vacuum. To ensure that the stator winding cannot work loose and
that it does not require any maintenance, the bars are held in place mechanically in the slot
region by preloaded slot-top ripple springs.
In GVPI technology the stator core and winding are first treated and then immersed in epoxy
resin for an impregnation cycle. The complete stator is then placed on rollers in an oven for
uniform high temperature curing. Numerous control measures are performed during evacuation, impregnation and curing for quality assurance. The GVPI system results in a stator winding with high dielectric strength and voltage endurance.
STATOR WINDING TEMPERATURE DETECTORS
Embedded resistance type temperature detectors are located between the upper and lower
coil sides in the slots. The elements are distributed throughout the winding to obtain a representative highest temperature in different phases. Temperature detectors are also used to
measure the inlet (cold hydrogen) and exhaust (warm hydrogen) hydrogen circuit.
STATOR FRAME
The cylindrical frame is a heavy steel fabrication that supports the stator core and windings,
bearing brackets, and rotor assembly. It rests on levelling devices (fixators) affixed to the
foundation and it is secured with foundation bolts and axial and transverse anchors. Lifting
trunnions and jacking points are provided for generator erection and alignment.
STATOR MOUNTING
The stator core assembly is mounted to the frame by steel spring assemblies, isolating the
frame and foundation from double line frequency core vibration. The spring suspension is also
specially designed to limit torque build up experienced during power system faults.
Rotor
ROTOR SHAFT
The cylindrical type rotor forging is made from nickel, chromium, molybdenum, and vanadium
alloy steel using the vacuum degassing process. Forging materials are ultrasonically tested for
compliance with rigid quality assurance specifications.
The rotor is machined from a alloy steel forging. Radial slots are machined in the shaft to accept the rotor winding coils. One low-pressure blower is mounted at each end of the rotor.
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Section 2.9.3.
3.9.3. Detailed Description
Page
2
-113-2
3.9.3.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
ROTOR WINDING
The rotor winding is manufactured from high conductivity, creep-resistant silver-bearing copper. Channels at the bottom of the slots provide ventilation paths from the ends of the rotor to
radial cooling holes in the rotor winding copper. Conducting slot wedges hold the coils in the
slots. The end turns are braced with epoxy-glass blocking and restrained by high strength alloy-steel forged retaining rings lined with epoxy-glass insulation. The slot wedges and retaining
rings form the damper winding.
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The completed rotor is statically and dynamically balanced. Standard quality control tests are
made on every rotor before and after overspeed tests to verify that no shorted winding turns
have developed. It is performed by means of a flux-probe or search coil test as the rotor speed
is increased from rest up to rated speed and back to rest. The rotor is then carefully inspected
and a final high-potential test is performed.
Bearing and Bearing Brackets
Two babbitt-lined journal bearings are supported by end-shield bearing brackets located at
each end of the cylindrical frame.
The bearings are self aligning and force lubricated. They are optimized in size to minimize
mechanical losses. Electrical insulation is provided to prevent shaft current flowing across the
bearing. High-pressure lube oil is used to lift the rotor off of the bearing journal at standstill and
low rotation speeds.
The end-shield bearing brackets are designed to contain hydrogen pressure and support the
generator rotor. They are split horizontally on the axial centerline of the rotor to facilitate service. With end-shield bearing brackets, the generator can be shipped with inserted rotor,
thereby reducing erection time.
Hydrogen Shaft Seal
The hydrogen shaft (or gland) seal prevents hydrogen gas from escaping the generator at the
interface of the bearing bracket and the rotating shaft. The sealing function is normally provided by maintaining a defined flow of pressure oil between seal and shaft towards the hydrogen side of the seal.
Siemens utilizes the patented PerformancePlus™ seal technology with Carbon Graphite as
seal material, completely eliminating potential rubbing damage of the rotor shaft in case of a
total loss of seal oil pressure.
The advanced design of the seal also greatly reduces oil ingress into the generator by minimizing oil flow to the hydrogen side of the seal. Overall reduced required oil flows allow the
optimization of seal oil system pump sizes, and also reduce contamination of the hydrogen
filling with air, allowing the operator to maintain a high level of hydrogen purity for better generator efficiency.
Oil System
Each generator bearing requires three lubricating oil connections, oil supply and oil drain for
synchronous operation, and lifting oil for start-up and turning-gear operations. Flanges are
provided for connection to and from the turbine lube oil system.
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Section 2.9.3.
3.9.3. Detailed Description
Page
2
-114-3
3.9.3.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Ventilation
At each end of the generator a shaft-mounted, low-pressure single-stage blower maintains the
circulation of hydrogen cooling gas. On the low pressure side, hydrogen cold gas is drawn
from the circular coolers and enters the stator and rotor end winding area. The gas flow is then
divided between rotor and stator.
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The rotor winding is cooled by self pumping action. End winding cooling gas is exhausted into
the air-gap at the ends of the pole faces. Axial channels at the bottom of the slots distribute
cooling gas to radial passages that are spaced along the straight section of the rotor winding.
The warm gas is then exhausted into the air gap through holes in the rotor slot wedges.
A portion of stator gas flow cools the stator end windings (and on one end, the bushings),
while the rest of the stator gas flow enters the air-gap at each end region of the stator. It combines with the rotor exhaust gas and then passes through radial ventilation ducts spaced regularly along the length of the stator core. The core cooling gas flow removes heat conducted
into the core from the stator coils and losses occurring in the core itself.
Hot gas leaving the back of stator core and end winding area is guided to the coolers and recirculated by the blowers.
Hydrogen Coolers
Circular-shaped Omega™ coolers are located at each end of the generator frame. Adapted
from proven finned-tube cooler technology, the circular shape allows easy access to all pipe
ends for cleaning from below the generator frame. Each cooler consist of two sections, which
are individually serviceable during operation. Internal joints and reverse chambers are eliminated, lowering the risk of leakages and increasing overall availability of the generator.
The circular design allows optimal utilization of the space available in the cylindrical frame, at
the same time increasing efficiency due to lower ventilation losses. The coolers are factory
assembled to reduce installation time. A cooler removal tool is supplied to be used during major generator inspections.
The cooling water for the coolers is provided by a closed cooling water system as standard
(assumed water quality is demineralized water).
Static Excitation
The static excitation system is designed to provide control, limiting and monitoring functions for
a synchronous generator. A complete static excitation system includes the static exciter and
voltage regulator, and collector ring assembly and brush rigging. The collector ring assembly
and brush rigging are supplied with the generator.
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Section 2.9.3.
3.9.3. Detailed Description
Page
2
-115-4
3.9.3.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Collector Set
The collector's primary function is to transfer DC current from the source of excitation to the
rotating generator field winding.
A bolt-on collector is supplied with the generator.
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Two forged-steel slip rings and a radial blower are mounted on the collector shaft. The brush
rigging employs brush assemblies that are easily removable while the unit is on line. Graphite
composite brushes are maintained in uniform contact with the rings by constant force springs.
The collector set is covered by a housing fabricated from heavy-gauge steel. A combination of
insulated, hydrogen-sealed axial and radial leads provides the electrical connection to the
generator field winding through the shaft.
Static excitation equipment draws its power from the plant auxiliary system. It provides the
field current to the collector, with the voltage regulator controlling the field current level.
Generator Delivery
A generator assembly consisting of major components is delivered to the power plant site. The
assembly includes generator cylindrical frame, spring-mounted stator, bearing brackets, rotor,
circular coolers, and instrumentation wired terminal boxes. The generator is cocooned for
preservation during shipment and site installation. Other major components delivered separately are auxiliary skids, collector assembly, and terminal bushings.
Field Installation
The generator frame feet are set on the foundation piers using simple fixators (i.e. leveling
devices). This method reduces generator alignment time significantly.
Transverse and axial anchors maintain the alignment position.
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Section 2.9.3.
3.9.3. Detailed Description
Page
2
-116-5
3.9.3.
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Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
H2-Water Omega TM Cooler
–
Fig.: Electrical Generator – H2 Cooled – SGen5-2000H - Cooling Gas Circuit
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Section 2.9.3.
3.9.3. Detailed Description
Page
2
-117-6
3.9.3.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Generator Auxiliaries
The hydrogen gas system and the seal-oil system comprise all equipment required for generator filling, normal operation, shutdown, standstill and gas purging. Main skids are selfcontained units mounted on a bedplate.
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H2 System
During normal operation, this system maintains the required pressure and purity of the hydrogen cooling gas inside the generator frame. Filling/pressurizing with hydrogen before
startup, and depressurizing and purging for maintenance are operations supported by the
gas system. Major components of the system are regulating valves to maintain hydrogen
pressure, gas drier to remove moisture, and gas purity analyzer. The gas supply can be either from individual bottles or optional a bundled/bulk type source.
Seal Oil System
This auxiliary system provides oil to the shaft seal that prevents hydrogen from escaping at
the interface of rotor and frame. Emergency seal oil backup pump automatically ensures
continuous operation of the seal oil supply. Redundancy and design of the pumps and motors ensure a high safety and reliability. A loop seal in the generator bearing oil drain line
provides protection against hydrogen contamination of the bearing lubrication oil supply. The
seal oil storage tank is kept at a slight vacuum pressure to remove dissolved gases from the
oil.
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Section 2.10. Generator Auxiliaries
Page
2 -118
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Fin-Fan Cooling Systems
Fin-fan cooling is an option that is typically applied in case that no plant cooling water system
is available.
Fin-Fan Cooler for Lube Oil and Generator
CLOSED COOLING WATER SYSTEM
The closed cooling water system is designed as a closed-circuit cooling water system and
serves to transfer the heat produced by the gas turbine generator coolers and the gas turbine
generator lube oil system via the fin fan coolers to the ambient air.
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SYSTEM DESCRIPTION AND FUNCTION
The closed cooling water system is available during start-up, normal operation and shutdown. It comprises cooling water pumps, fin fan air coolers, expansion tank, internal piping
and valves. Under normal operating conditions, start-up and shutdown, one cooling water
pump supplies water through the fin fan air coolers.
After flowing through the fin fan air coolers the cooling water is distributed via a manifold to
the individual component coolers.
An expansion tank maintains the necessary system pressure and provides volume control
due to temperature changes in the system.
The system is equipped with tapping points for a dosing station for sampling and for refilling.
In case the ambient temperature can be below +5°C, antifreeze agent is added to the cooling
water.
Fin Fan
Air Cooler
M
Generator Co oler
M
M
Cooling
Water
Pumps
Header
Tank
Lube Oil Cooler
Figure: Closed Cooling Water System
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Section 2.11. Fin Fan Cooling Systems
Page
2 -119
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Fin-Fan Cooler for Lube Oil
This option is typically applied for very hot ambient conditions.
The lube oil is cooled by fin-fan coolers of direct oil to air type. The lube oil flows through
bundles of finned tubes dissipating the heat directly to the ambient air, which is pulled
through the tube bundles by axial fans in a cross flow.
The ends of the finned tubes are soldered into collecting headers. In each module, one
header is tightly bolted to the casing frame, the other end allows free expansion of the tube
bundle.
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The recooling plant is of mechanical draft design. The cooling air is supplied by axial flow
fans which are directly driven by electric motors.
The heat exchanger bundle, fan and drive are supported by a supporting structure. The cooling air supplied by the fan is equally distributed to the exchanger surface.
The surface of the heat exchanger consists of round copper tubes with fin strips. To improve
the heat transfer, the cooling fins are mechanically connected to the tubes. The tubes are
fixed in endplates on each side.
Above the heat exchanger, return collectors are provided with soldered nozzles and venting
valves.
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Section 2.11. Fin Fan Cooling Systems
Page
2 -120
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
3 Terminal Points to Power Plant
Terminal Points to Power Plant
3.1.
Overview ..................................................................................................
3-3
3.2.
3.2.1.
3.2.2.
3.2.3.
3.2.4.
Interfaces .................................................................................................
Mechanical Interfaces .............................................................................
Control System Interfaces ......................................................................
Electrical Interfaces ................................................................................
Foundation and Building Interfaces ......................................................
3-5
3-5
3-7
3-8
3-9
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3
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Section 3 Terminal Points to Power Plant
Page
3 -1
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Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
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Section 3 Terminal Points to Power Plant
Page
3 -2
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Terminal Points to Power Plant
Overview
This section provides an overview of the Siemens Turbine Package terminal points, which
are the points where the Siemens Turbine Package standard scope of supply terminates.
The technical terminal points are categorized as
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Mechanical terminal points, mainly comprising:
–
Fuel supply
–
Demineralized water supply
–
Cooling Water supply
–
Effluent discharge
Control system terminal points, mainly comprising:
–
Signal exchange interface to plant distributed control system
–
Cabling between control cabinets and field equipment
Electrical terminal points, mainly comprising:
–
Medium-voltage power supply
–
Low-voltage power supply
–
Generator bushings for isolated phase bus connection
–
Grounding of package components
–
Cabling between medium-voltage supply and related systems and consumers
–
Cabling between low-voltage switchgear and related consumers
Foundation terminal points, mainly comprising:
–
Mounting of package components to foundation
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Section 3.1. Overview
Page
3 -3
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Fuel Supply
Fuel and fuel connections at the site have to be provided by the purchaser. The fuel must
meet the fuel specification requirements and the requirements on pressure, temperature and
mass flow at the respective terminal points.
Demineralized Water Supply
Demineralized water meeting the quality requirements and the requirements on pressure,
temperature and mass flow at the respective terminal points has to be provided by the purchaser.
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Cooling Water Supply
Cooling water, meeting the quality requirements and the requirements on pressure, temperature and mass flow at the respective terminal points, has to be provided by the purchaser.
Effluent Discharge / Waste Drains
A system to collect waste drains has to be provided by the purchaser in compliance with local, state and federal guidelines.
Vents
Vents have to be provided by the purchaser.
Initial Fill
The initial fill of chemicals, gases and fluids have to be provided by the purchaser. Siemens
provides the specifications.
Interconnecting Piping
Siemens will provide the interconnecting piping between gas turbine auxiliary systems and
gas turbine, between lube oil system and gas turbine and generator.
Power Supply
Medium-voltage and low-voltage power infeeds have to be provided by the purchaser according to the respective terminal point requirements. Chapter “Package Components and
Systems / Electrical Systems / General Descripition” provides an overview of the system
voltage levels.
Interconnecting Wiring and Cabling
The interconnecting wiring and cabling between the various turbine package components
and systems has to be provided by the purchaser.
Grounding
All equipment is securely grounded to the appropriate system framework. The individual system frameworks are then grounded to the site grounding system, which has to provided by
the purchaser.
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AHB54FGTPACR10 / Rev: 12 (11/2016) PG GT GCO PC FE BO - Restricted -
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Section 3.1. Overview
Page
3 -4
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Mechanical Interfaces
- for definition of base scope and available options refer to chapter "Scope of Supply"
Component / System
Gas Turbine
Terminal Points
– washing water outlet at drain header
– waste oil outlet at drain header
(in case of fuel oil false start)
Transmittal,
Transmittal, reproduction,
reproduction, dissemination
dissemination and/or
and/or editing
editing of
of this
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document as
as well
well as
as utilization
utilization of
of its
its contents
contents and
and communication
communication
thereof
thereof to
to others
others without
without express
express authorization
authorization are
are prohibited.
prohibited. Offenders
Offenders will
will be
be held
held liable
liable for
for payment
payment of
of damages.
damages. All
All rights
rights
created
created by
by patent
patent grant
grant or
or registration
registration of
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utility model
model or
or design
design patent
patent are
are reserved.
reserved.
Gas Turbine Auxiliaries
Fuel Gas System
Fuel Oil System
NOx Water System
Ignition Gas System (for dual fuel)
Pneumatic System
Lube Oil System
Compressor Cleaning (mobile skid)
Compressor Cleaning (ACCS)
Air Intake System
Pulse Filter
Evaporative Cooler
Exhaust Gas System
Diffuser
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
fuel gas inlet
fuel oil inlet and return
purge water inlet
NOx water inlet
gas inlet
compressed air supply to instrument air receiver
tank
cooling water inlet and outlet at lube oil cooler
demineralized water inlet
demineralized water inlet
compressed air inlet
– compressed air inlet
– water inlet
– End of exhaust gas diffuser (expansion joint to stack
not included).
Generator
Generator Auxiliaries
Liquid Detector Rack
Seal Oil System
Gas System
Waste Gas System
Fin-Fan Cooler
Fin-Fan for Lube Oil and Generator
–
–
–
–
–
cooling water inlet and outlet
seal oil inlet and oulet
gas inlet and outlet
outlet at bearings to waste gas system
outlet to liquid detector rack
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
inlet from generator
oil outlet to and inlet from generator
oil inlet and outlet at seal oil storage tank
cooling water inlet and outlet at seal oil cooler
gas outlet to and inlet from generator
gas inlet and outlet from Ar/H2 supply
outlet at seal oil and gas system
inlet and outlet at generator bearing exhausters
inlet at waste gas star
– cooling water inlet and outlet at heat exchangers,
expansion tank and pump skid
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AHB54FGTPACR10
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- Restricted
AHB54FGTPACR10
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E PC
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SI PMG
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Restricted
non binding values / For information only
Section 3.2.1.
4.2.1. Mechanical Interfaces
3
-5 -1
Page
4.2.1.
Transmittal,
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dissemination and/or
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editing of
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well as
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utilization of
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contents and
and communication
communication
thereof
thereof to
to others
others without
without express
express authorization
authorization are
are prohibited.
prohibited. Offenders
Offenders will
will be
be held
held liable
liable for
for payment
payment of
of damages.
damages. All
All rights
rights
created
created by
by patent
patent grant
grant or
or registration
registration of
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utility model
model or
or design
design patent
patent are
are reserved.
reserved.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Note:
Vents, drains and other minor interfaces are not listed.
Details on mechanical interfaces are provided in Appendix “Interfaces”
AHB54FGTPACR10
/ Rev:
12 (11/2016)
PG GT GCO
FE BO
- Restricted
AHB54FGTPACR10
/ Revision:
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E PC
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SI PMG
-
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Restricted
non binding values / For information only
Section 3.2.1.
4.2.1. Mechanical Interfaces
3
-6 -2
Page
4.2.1.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Control System Interfaces
Gas Turbine Control System
Terminal Points
Field Signals
–
Cable connection elements within junction
boxes or at field sensors/instruments
–
Cable connection elements within the turbine
control system cabinets inside the Power Control Center (PCC)
–
Computer equipment
–
Peripheral devices
–
Isolation amplifiers (analog signals, 4-20 mA)
–
Coupling relays with dry changeover contacts
(binary signals, 24V DC)
–
Cable connection elements within the turbine
control system cabinets inside the Power Control Center (PCC)
–
OPC data link, Ethernet, one-directional, nonredundant
–
Terminal point (RJ45) at the firewall inside the
Application Server cabinet
–
Remote access interface for turbine analysis
during commissioning and warranty
–
Terminal point at Siemens CAG router inside
the Application Server cabinet
–
Broadband connection via VPN/cRSP with
unlimited remote access 7 days a week / 24
hours a day
Transmittal,
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dissemination and/or
and/or editing
editing of
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document as
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well as
as utilization
utilization of
of its
its contents
contents and
and communication
communication
thereof
thereof to
to others
others without
without express
express authorization
authorization are
are prohibited.
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Offenders will
will be
be held
held liable
liable for
for payment
payment of
of damages.
damages. All
All rights
rights
created
created by
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patent grant
grant or
or registration
registration of
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utility model
model or
or design
design patent
patent are
are reserved.
reserved.
AC Uninterruppted Power Supply (UPS)
DCS Signal Interface: Hardwired
DCS Signal Interface: OPC Link
DCS Signal Interface: Telecom System
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AHB54FGTPACR10
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Section 3.2.2.
4.2.2. Control System Interfaces
3 -7 -1
Page
4.2.2.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Transmittal,
Transmittal, reproduction,
reproduction, dissemination
dissemination and/or
and/or editing
editing of
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document as
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utilization of
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contents and
and communication
communication
thereof
thereof to
to others
others without
without express
express authorization
authorization are
are prohibited.
prohibited. Offenders
Offenders will
will be
be held
held liable
liable for
for payment
payment of
of damages.
damages. All
All rights
rights
created
created by
by patent
patent grant
grant or
or registration
registration of
of aa utility
utility model
model or
or design
design patent
patent are
are reserved.
reserved.
Electrical Interfaces
Gas Turbine Electrical Equipment
Terminal Points
According to Single Line Diagram
–
Generator current transformer terminals
–
Terminals in Supplier’s protection & synchronization cubicle for connection of cables to
Other’s equipment.
–
Terminals of static excitation equipment (SEE)
transformer and starting frequency converter
(SFC) transformer.
–
Terminals of SEE and SFC equipment.
–
Terminal blocks in Supplier’s cubicles for connection of cables outside power control center.
–
Earthing points at supplied components.
–
Terminals of incoming feeders of turbine
package LV switchgear.
Generator
Terminal Points
Generator bus duct
–
Bus duct interface from generator terminals to
the main transformer (including connection
pieces for generator terminals)
Generator collector
–
Cabling interface from slip ring to excitation
cubicles
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AHB54FGTPACR10
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Restricted
non binding values / For information only
Section 3.2.3.
4.2.3. Electrical Interfaces
3 -8 -1
Page
4.2.3.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Foundation and Building Interfaces
- for definition of base scope and available options refer to chapter "Scope of Supply"
Foundation Interfaces
Transmittal,
Transmittal, reproduction,
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dissemination and/or
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editing of
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utilization of
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contents and
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thereof to
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others without
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authorization are
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Offenders will
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for payment
payment of
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damages. All
All rights
rights
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patent grant
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utility model
model or
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design patent
patent are
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reserved.
Component / System
Terminal Points
Gas Turbine
– Load bearing points in foundation
Gas Turbine Auxiliaries
– Load bearing points in foundation
Air Intake Duct
– Load bearing points in foundation
Diffuser
– Load bearing points in foundation
Stack
– Load bearing points in foundation
Diverter and Bypass Stack
– Load bearing points in foundation
Power Control Center
– Load bearing points in foundation
Transformer for SEE
– Load bearing points in foundation
Transformer for SFC
– Load bearing points in foundation
Enclosures / Accoustic Panels
– Load bearing points in foundation
Generator
– Load bearing points in foundation
Generator Auxiliaries
– Load bearing points in foundation
Fin-Fan Coolers
– Load bearing points in foundation
Details on foundation loads are provided in Appendices “Foundation”.
Details on foundation parts and fixation to foundation are provided in Appendix “Foundation”.
Building Interfaces
Component / System
Terminal Points
Air Intake Filter House
– Limit of supply is the horizontal supporting frame of
the filter house (approx. 11…14 m above ground).
The support structure consists of six or eight
supports (not in Siemens' scope), which have to be
arranged according to Supplier’s specification.
Noise Enclosure for Gas Turbine
– Exhaust air discharge of air handling units / fans
through turbine building wall penetration
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AHB54FGTPACR10
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PG GT GCO
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Section 3.2.4.
4.2.4. Foundation and Building Interfaces
3 -9 -1
Page
4.2.4.
Transmittal, reproduction, dissemination and/or editing of this document as well as utilization of its contents and communication
thereof to others without express authorization are prohibited. Offenders will be held liable for payment of damages. All rights
created by patent grant or registration of a utility model or design patent are reserved.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
AHB54FGTPACR10 / Rev: 12 (11/2016) PG GT GCO PC FE BO - Restricted -
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Section 3.2.4. Foundation and Building Interfaces
Page
3 -10
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
4 Site and Plant Aspects, Working Media, Concepts
Site and Plant Aspects, Working Media, Concepts
4.1.
General Plant Site Considerations ........................................................
4-3
4.2.
Typical Site Arrangements .....................................................................
4-4
4.3.
Lifting of Equipment ...............................................................................
4-7
4.4.
Requirements on Working Media ..........................................................
4-9
4.5.
Fire and Explosion Protection ...............................................................
4-10
4.6.
Earthquake Concept ...............................................................................
4-16
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4
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Section 4 Site and Plant Aspects, Working Media, Concepts
Page
4 -1
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thereof to others without express authorization are prohibited. Offenders will be held liable for payment of damages. All rights
created by patent grant or registration of a utility model or design patent are reserved.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
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Section 4 Site and Plant Aspects, Working Media, Concepts
Page
4 -2
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Site and Plant Aspects, Working Media, Concepts
General Plant Site Considerations
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created by patent grant or registration of a utility model or design patent are reserved.
There are certain considerations that need to be reviewed for a given application of the Siemens Turbine Package. The following checklist is a summary of information necessary at an
early stage of a feasibility study:
–
Temperatures: Maximum Temperatures, Minimum Temperatures, Design Temperatures
–
Site Elevation
–
Site Seismic Requirements
–
Air Data: Relative Humidity, Prevailing Wind Direction & Velocity, Salt Spray Concentration, Sandstorms and Particulates, Air Quality Standards
–
Fuels (with analysis): Gaseous Fuel, Liquid Fuel
–
Water: demineralized water, cooling water, water for inlet air coolers
–
Soil Conditions: Surface Soil Type, Soil Bearing Capability, Subsurface Conditions
–
Acoustic Considerations: Type of Neighborhood, Applicable Noise Regulations, Special
Sound Requirements, Distance to Nearby Sensitive Receptors
–
General Location: Highway/Local Road Access, Railroad Access, Proximity to Other Industries, Proximity to Service Centers
–
Heat-Recovery/Combined-Cycle Considerations
–
Electrical Characteristics
–
Laydown areas for maintenance activities
–
Laydown areas for erection
The site should have no overhead and underground obstructions, such as boulders, old
foundations, basements, or trees.
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AHB54FGTPACR10 / Rev: 12 (11/2016) PG GT GCO PC FE BO - Restricted -
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Section 4.1. General Plant Site Considerations
Page
4 -3
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Package Arrangement, Turbine Building, Laydown Area, Foundation, Effluents
Package Arrangement
Approximate Turbine Package dimensions for a single-unit are shown in Figure “Typical
Package Arrangement”.
Approximate two-unit Turbine Package dimensions are shown in Figure “Typical Arrangement for Two-Unit Package”. The centerline distance of the Packages should be considered
as a minimum distance for indoor installation.
Multiple Package arrangements can be provided by adding units in the same manner as
shown in the typical two unit site arrangement.
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thereof to others without express authorization are prohibited. Offenders will be held liable for payment of damages. All rights
created by patent grant or registration of a utility model or design patent are reserved.
Turbine Building and Building Annex
Figure “Typical Package Arrangement” also shows equipment located within the turbine
building and building annex.
The generator and generator auxiliary systems are located below the air intake filter house
outside of the turbine building. The SGen-2000H as well as auxiliaries are not weather-proof.
A building annex for generator and auxiliaries seems reasonable. A crane for service activities on the generator should then be also considered.
A summary of major weights for lifting of equipment for erection and service activities is provided in Chapter “Site and Plant Aspects, Working Media, Concepts / Lifting of Equipment“.
Heat emissions of package components and systems to be considered for design of ventilation systems are provided in Chapter “Data Sheets / Heat Emissions”.
Laydown Area
Certain maintenance activities on gas turbine and generator require sufficient space for laydown of the dismantled parts.
Typical dimensions and weights of parts that will be dismantled during gas turbine and generator inspections are provided in Appendix “Package Layout / Working/Storage Areas”.
Foundation
Gas turbine and generator should be on a common foundation.
Effluents
Minor effluent flows are routed to customer interface points. These effluents may include
compressor wash residual, atomizing air headers drain wastes and rainwater from the exhaust stack. On rare occasions (abortive start event with fuel oil), fuel oil will be purged
through a combustor shell drain.
Siemens Energy Sector
AHB54FGTPACR10 / Rev: 12 (11/2016) PG GT GCO PC FE BO - Restricted -
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Section 4.2. Typical Site Arrangements
Page
4 -4
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
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∼ 50 m
(GT) Gas Turbine
(GN) Generator
Hydrogen-cooled, static excitation, (Col) Collector
building
annex**
ACCS*
GS
SO
Auxiliary Systems GT
(FG) Fuel Gas, (FO*) Fuel Oil, (WI*) NOx Water Injection, (HO)
Hydraulic Oil, (IA) Instrument Air receiver tanks, (ACCS*)
Advanced Compressor Cleaning, (HCO) Hydraulic Clearance
Optimization
Auxiliary Systems GT+GN
(LO) Lube Oil
Auxiliaries GN
(GS) Gas System: Hydrogen cooling gas, Argon purging gas
(SO) Seal Oil skid, (SOT) Seal Oil Storage Tank
CO2
GS
FH
(filter house envelope
is shown schematically)
FG
ID
Dif
GN
Air Intake System
(FH) Filter House, (ID) Intake Duct
GT
Col
∼ 30 m
SOT
Exhaust Gas System
(Dif) Diffuser, (Stk*) Stack, (Div*) Diverter with bypass stack
E-GT
GNG
PCCs
Trf
HO
IA
HCO
LO
Control System
Operation&Monitoring, Automation, I/Os, Engineering,
Diagnostics
FO*
WI*
Electrical Systems
(PCC) Power Control Center with Switchgear, Chargers, Batteries, Generator Protection, Synchronization, Static Excitation
Equipment, Starting Frequency Converter
(Trf) Transformers for SEE and SFC
(GNG) Generator Neutral Grounding
Enclosures
(E-GT) Indoor Enclosure GT (and fuel gas)
gas turbine building
UMB**
* optional scope
** EPC scope
components/systems located at height
0.0 m
> 0.0 m
< 0.0 m
centerline height
turbine-generator:
4.00 m
Fire Protection
(CO2) fire fighting for GT: bottle racks
* optional scope
(not all systems listed
may be shown in the picture)
Figure: SGT5-PAC 4000F - Typical Package Arrangement
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Section
Page
4.2. Typical Site Arrangements
4 -5
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
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50 m
∼ 43 m
70 m
centerline
distance
gas turbine building
UMB
Figure: SGT5-PAC 4000F - Typical Arrangement for Two-Unit Package
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Section
Page
4.2. Typical Site Arrangements
4 -6
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Lifting of Equipment
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thereof to others without express authorization are prohibited. Offenders will be held liable for payment of damages. All rights
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Shown below is a summary of estimated weights and heights of major components of the
Siemens Turbine Package scope that are relevant for erection and maintenance activities.
Concept:
For maintenance of components located within turbine building it is assumed that an overhead crane will be installed to facilitate maintenance activities. Crane capacity therefore
should consider at least the heaviest component listed in "Maintenance" which is
the gas turbine rotor.
Weights from lifting equipment such as lifting beams, if applicable, must be considered
additionally.
For erection of components located within turbine building mobile lifting devices must be
used if crane capacity is not sufficient.
See also figure "Possible Main Crane Arrangement".
heaviest weights / location
maximum heights
Erection
Gas Turbine
– gas turbine body
(without transport pedestals, insulation,
piping)
Generator
– generator
(with lifting trunnions)
Maintenance
Gas Turbine (major inspection)
– rotor (with turbine bearing housing, with oil
drain pipe, incl. lifting beam): lifting out
– rotor (without turbine bearing housing):
upending
– rotor disks: destacking with special adapter
(* hook height from
floor level)
(based on typical indoor
arrangement)
318 t
inside turbine building
343 t
outside turbine building
(within building annex)
140 t / 12.14 m*
inside turbine building
95 t / 12.8 m*
inside turbine building
19 t / 14.1 m*
inside turbine building
Generator (only in case of findings)
– rotor: removal
59 t
not relevant for crane within annex because
rotor removal requires a special procedure
– excitation slip ring system (collector),
bearings, ...:
must be removed for rotor removal
outside turbine building
(within building annex)
10 t
outside turbine building
(within building annex)
Please also refer to
- Chapter "Service Aspects"
- Appendix "Project Implementation / Equipment Handling"
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Section 4.3. Lifting of Equipment
Page
4 -7
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
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building annex
generator
rotor removal
minimum distance from
generator centerline (+)
required for rotor removal:
~16.0 m
generator
rotor removal
crane
runway
crane
bridge
gas turbine building
Figure: SGT5-PAC 4000F - Possible Main Crane and Annex Crane Arrangement for Two-Unit Indoor Package
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Section
Page
4.3. Lifting of Equipment
4 -8
trolley
with hoist
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Requirements on Working Media
Detailed specifications of working media required for the Turbine Package are provided in
Appendix “Requirements on Working Media”.
Fuels
Gas Turbine
– Gaseous fuels
Gas Turbine
– Liquid Fuels
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Air
Gas Turbine
– Compressor intake air
Generator
– Compressed air for purging
Water
Gas Turbine
– Demineralized water for washing the compressor
Gas Turbine
– Demineralized water for NOx reduction on fuel oil
Gas Turbine
– Demineralized water for purging of components of the fuel system
Lube Oil
– Cooling water for oil-to-water cooler
Generator
– Cooling water for hydrogen-to-water cooler
Generator
– Cooling water for seal oil oil-to-water cooler
Oils / Control Fluids
Gas Turbine
– Lube oil
Generator
– Lube oil
Gas Turbine
– Hydraulic oil for valve actuation
Gases
Generator
– Hydrogen cooling gas
Generator
– Argon purging gas
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Section 4.4. Requirements on Working Media
Page
4 -9
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Fire and Explosion Protection Concept
Fire Protection Concept
General Concept
The general fire protection concept is a safety target oriented concept. The safety targets are
personnel protection and property protection.
The main steps of the concept are as described in the following paragraphs, however in this
general concept no detailed description of all measures is intended.
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PREVENTION OF FIRES BY DESIGN
This is the fundamental measure.
It is achieved
– by usage of non-combustible or of fire retardant material
– in particular by design measures achieving tightness of fuel gas, fuel oil and lube oil containing systems.
The description of constructional details is not subject of the present concept report.
DETECTION OF FIRES IN AN EARLY STAGE
The time period between fire start and fire detection shall be minimized. Thus, the possible
damages caused by fire shall be limited to an acceptable local extent.
Following types of fire detectors shall be used in the diverse areas of SGT5-PAC:
– Flame detectors (infrared type)
– Combined heat detectors (fixed temperature and rate of rise)
– Smoke detectors
For choice of the specific detectors the local conditions (temperature, air flow, potential fire
scenario, etc.) have to be considered.
SUPPRESSION OF DETECTED FIRES
Detected fires shall be quickly extinguished. Automatic triggering of extinguishing system
shall be possible for each system. However, the triggering concept must be stable and must
avoid premature release of the system. Extinguishing areas which are housed by an enclosure, shall be protected by gaseous extinguishing systems, normally CO2 or intert-gas systems are applied. Extinguishing areas which are not housed by an enclosure but which are
located within a building and which contain hydrocarbons as e.g. fuel oil, lube oil or hydraulic
oil as relevant fire loads shall be protected by a water based extinguishing system. Normally
spray water deluge system are applied. Water based fire suppression systems and portable
fire fighting equipment are not in SGT5-PAC scope of supply.
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Section 4.5. Fire and Explosion Protection
Page
4 -10
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Alarms and controls
Activation of any detector in anyone of the detection areas generates an alarm signal,
whereupon a check by operational staff on the corresponding area shall be performed, and if advisable – manual fire fighting measures can be applied.
Automatic release of any type of fire suppression system requires activation of at least two
types of fire detectors or activation of detectors of at least two different detection circuits.
In addition to the automatic release, a manual release of each fire suppression system shall
be realized. The sequence of alarms and controls shall be identical to the automatic release.
Upon a fire has been detected in the auxiliaries adjacent to the gas turbine which contain
hydrocarbons (as lube oil or fuel oil, fuel gas), the fuel supply shall be shut off1) and the lube
oil supply shall be switched over to the emergency supply by the gas turbine I&C. The corresponding initiating signals shall be transmitted by fire detection system.
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1)
Both the fuel shut off valves at the fuel packages of the GT and the emergency fuel shut off valves in
the pre-system – typically outside the turbine building – shall be closed. As far as BoP I&C system is
involved, the corresponding signals shall be provided thereto.
Reliable indications of a fire have to be used for release of the sequence within GT/ BoP I&C,
e.g. – as minimum requirements –
activation of two out of two detector types or
activation of two out of two detector groups or
activation of two out of two detection line circuits/ loop circuits
Personnel protection with regard to CO2 or inert gas applications
Gaseous fire suppression systems using CO2 or inert gas as extinguishing agent are a very
common application in the different SGT5-PAC configurations.
The risk of hazard to personnel shall be eliminated by various measures:
– Administrative measures; access to extinguishing areas is allowed only when CO2 / inert
gas system has been blocked
– Features for mechanical and/or electrical blocking of CO2 / inert gas systems
– An adjustable pre-warning period and visual and acoustical alarm devices inside the extinguishing areas shall allow the safe leaving of extinguishing area prior to CO2 / inert gas
discharge
– Visual and acoustical alarm devices outside the extinguishing area shall prevent the access in case of CO2/inert gas discharge
– Odorizing of the discharging extinguishing agent CO2 / inert gas
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Section 4.5. Fire and Explosion Protection
Page
4 -11
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Table of Fire Protection Measures
Fire Extinguishing
Portable
Equipment
Release
Fuel supply
shut off
Emergency
lube oil supply
Ventilation
shut off
GT trip activate
Gas turbine and
fuel gas section
with noise enclosure
natural gas, fuel
oil, lube oil, hydraulic oil, cable
insulation
x
x
-
x 2)
a, m
x
x
x
x
Gas turbine without noise enclosure
natural gas, fuel
oil, lube oil, cable
insulation
x
-
x 1)
x 2)
a, m
x
x
-
x
GT auxiliary system skids with
enclosure
fuel oil, lube oil,
hydraulic oil
x
x
-
x 2)
a, m
x
x
x
x
Fire Detection
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Controls
Water
based
Fire Risk
Gas
Area
Fixed System
if lube oil is
concerned
Fuel oil pump skid
without enclosure
fuel oil, hydraulic
oil
x
-
x
Hydraulic oil skid
hydraulic oil
x
-
-
1)
x
2)
x 2)
1)
x
2)
a, m
x
-
-
x
-
-
-
-
-
a, m
x
x
-
x
Lube oil skid
without enclosure
lube oil
x
-
x
Fuel gas section
separate from gas
turbine without
enclosure
fuel gas, hydraulic
oil
x
-
-
-
-
x
-
-
x
Base module
without enclosure
lube oil, hydraulic
oil, fuel gas
x
-
x 1)
x 2)
a, m
x
x
-
x
Base module
with enclosure
lube oil, hydraulic
oil, fuel gas
x
x
-
x 2)
a, m
x
x
x
x
Dual fuel module
without enclosure
fuel oil, hydraulic
oil
x
-
x 1)
x 2)
a, m
x
-
-
x
Dual fuel module
with enclosure
fuel oil, hydraulic
oil
x
x
-
x 2)
a, m
x
-
x
x
Generator bearings
lube oil
x
-
x 1)
x 2)
(a,
m)
(x)
(x)
-
(x
)
Generator enclosure
lube oil
x
(x)
-
-
(a,
m)
(x)
(x)
x
(x
)
Power control
center
cable insulation,
electrical and I&C
cabinets
x
x
-
x 2)
a, m
x
-
x
x
HVAC at
PCC off
Notes:
a = automatically
m = manually
1)
Water based fire suppression systems are not in scope of supply of SGT5-PAC
2)
Portable fire fighting equipment is not in scope of supply of SGT5-PAC
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Section 4.5. Fire and Explosion Protection
Page
4 -12
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Explosion Protection Concept
General Concept
The general explosion protection concept is a safety target oriented concept. The safety targets are personnel protection and property protection.
The main steps of the concept are as described in the following paragraphs, however in this
general concept no detailed description of all measures is intended.
Primary explosion protection measures:
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A. LEAK TIGHT DESIGN OF EQUIPMENT
All fuel equipment and connections are designed to be technically tight.
B. TESTING FOR LEAK TIGHTNESS AFTER ERECTION AND MAINTENANCE WORK
The leak tightness of the fuel system is verified by a documented test after installation and
must be restored and verified by a documented test after each incident.
C. DILUTION VENTILATION
The enclosures are equipped with a common forced ventilation system that fulfils following
tasks:
–
Dilution of a possible gas leakage below Lower Explosion Limit (LEL)
–
Guiding the gas from a source of leakage to the gas detectors
–
Removal of the gas turbine’s waste heat and thus maintaining a defined temperature
range in the area around the gas turbine
Indoor type enclosures (arrangement within a turbine hall) are equipped with a subatmospheric ventilation system.
The ventilation system is designed to ensure that all areas inside the enclosures are well
ventilated to prevent an accumulation of gas. In order to ensure proper purging of the enclosures before and after gas turbine operation, the ventilation system must be in operation before starting of the gas turbine and after shut down of the gas turbine at least until the waste
heat is removed.
Before turning off the ventilation system, the main gas supply upstream of the fuel gas section must be cut off and depressurized.
The ventilation system maintains a sufficient airflow in order to fulfil the above-mentioned
tasks. The necessary air exchange rate with respect to explosion protection is maintained.
This means that at least one fan is in operation for sub-atmospheric ventilation systems. The
other fans are controlled by the enclosure temperature control.
The ventilation system shall have a high availability and reliability which is realized by at least
two installed fans. An alarm is indicated on a failure in the ventilation system. In case of a
total failure of the ventilation system resulting in an insufficient air flow the gas turbine will be
tripped and the main gas supply upstream of the fuel gas section must be cut off and depressurized. For this the depressurizing must be initiated at latest one hour [1 h] after total
failure of ventilation system has been detected.
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Section 4.5. Fire and Explosion Protection
Page
4 -13
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
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D. GAS DETECTION AND ALARM SYSTEMS
A gas detection system is provided. Depending on the arrangement of the ventilation system,
gas detectors are installed at following locations: at the fuel gas section, at the gas turbine
above the burners, in the ventilation exhaust duct (for variant “air handling unit on ground”)
and in front of the exhaust fans (for variant “air handling unit on enclosure roof top”) respectively. If an overpressure system is applied, the gas detectors are installed inside the enclosure in front of the side and roof exhausts. The gas detectors detect concentrations of flammable gases far below their Lower Explosive Limits (LEL). The alarm level is set to the minimum possible value, depending on the gas detectors. When reaching the alarm level (typically 5% LEL in the exhaust area, 10% LEL inside the enclosure) at any detector, a visible
and audible alarm is initiated outside the enclosure and transferred to the central control
room. When reaching the action level (typically 10% LEL in the exhaust area, 20% LEL inside the enclosure) at at least two detectors at one location, the gas turbine will be tripped
immediately.
The gas detection system is the only monitoring installation to identify such gas leakages
which can not be diluted sufficiently by the dilution ventilation system. Therefore, the unavailability of the gas detection system must lead to gas turbine trip with shut off of emergency
shutdown valve, to cut off of the main gas supply upstream of the fuel gas section and to
depressurizing of the relevant section. These actions have to be initiated under following
conditions:
- upon gas turbine trip signals have been released by gas detection system
- upon loss of power or upon switch-off of the gas detection system
Secondary explosion protection measures
All electrical equipment in the gas turbine enclosure and fuel gas section enclosure is installed according to the requirements of IEC 60079-14/-15, zone 2.
Special remark regarding hazardous area classification
The gas turbine surface temperature is often well above the auto ignition temperature of the
fuel. Hazardous area classification is inappropriate in these circumstances and safety will be
achieved by combination of factors including adequate maintenance to ensure technical
tightness as per design, dilution ventilation, and gas detection. Further ignition sources - than
the gas turbine body surface - will be excluded by installation of all electrical equipment according to the requirements of IEC 60079-14/-15, zone 2. Therefore for the chosen electrical
equipment the inside of the turbine enclosure is defined as hazardous area zone 2.
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Section 4.5. Fire and Explosion Protection
Page
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Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
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Table of Hazardous Area Classifications according to IEC 60079-10
Areas
Gas only gas turbine
Gas turbine enclosure and connected fuel gas section
enclosure including air exhaust duct
(Ex-zone 2)
See special remarks before
Fuel gas vents (outside)
Ex-zone 2; R= 5 m
Area around the entire hydrogen cooled generator
Ex- Zone 2; R= 0,5 m
Noise enclosure at intermediate shaft between H2 cooled
generator and air intake duct and
the volume inside the inner cone of the air intake duct
Ex- Zone 2
H2- bottle-, liquid detector rack, H2 central supply and
other release points for operational reasons according
chapter 5.7
Ex- Zone 1; R= 0,5 m +
Ex- Zone 2; R= 0,5 m
Waste gas piping outlet above the roof
Ex- Zone 1; R= 7 . . 9 m +
Ex- Zone 2; R= 0,5 m
Around relief vents above roof
Ex- Zone 1; R= 0,5 m +
Ex- Zone 2; R= 0,5 m
Any potential leakages sources as e.g. flange connections
of generator and generator auxiliaries systems according
chapter 5.7
Ex- Zone 2; R= 0,5 m
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Section 4.5. Fire and Explosion Protection
Page
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Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Earthquake Concept
The seismic design is influenced by the site requirements and local codes and standards.
This has to be handled on a case by case consideration.
For a general assumption the seismic design is be based upon the provisions of the Eurocode 8, Importance Factor 1.4, Earthquake Type 2, Soil factor 1.25, subsoil class C and agR
= 0.1g.
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Machinery, piping, equipment and component design will be limited to verification of their
anchorages and attachments. Design of the equipment and components as well as tests of
themselves will not be performed so as to ensure operation during or after an earthquake.
After an earthquake, all equipment shall be inspected for possible damages
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Section 4.6. Earthquake Concept
Page
4 -16
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
5 Performance, Emissions and Operation
Performance, Emissions and Operation
5.1.
5.1.1.
5.1.2.
Performance ............................................................................................
Thermal Performance .............................................................................
Degradation and Maintenance ...............................................................
5-3
5-3
5-6
5.2.
Exhaust Emissions .................................................................................
5-8
5.3.
Sound Emissions ....................................................................................
5-9
5.4.
5.4.1.
Operation .................................................................................................
Start-Up Performance Gas Turbine .......................................................
5-10
5-10
5.5.
Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Applications ...................................
5-11
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5
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Section 5 Performance, Emissions and Operation
Page
5 -1
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Application Handbook
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SGT5-PAC 4000F
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Section 5 Performance, Emissions and Operation
Page
5 -2
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Performance, Emissions and Operation
This chapter gives a general overview of the performance of a standard Siemens Turbine
Package and its influencing factors, but it is not suitable in order to gain guarantee values or
input data for power plant engineering. For determination of the performance of a certain project a detailed analysis has to be conducted by Siemens considering all project-specific conditions (e.g. fuel, ambient, operation) including the additionally required gas turbine features
(e.g. evaporative cooler).
Thermal Performance
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The thermal performance of a standard configuration at ISO conditions is provided in Table
“Thermal Performance”. It also shows performance of the engine design optimized for hot
conditions for 32 oC ambient temperature as example.
For determination of other site and ambient specific thermal performance of a standard Siemens Turbine Package adequate corrections to the above mentioned performance have to
be applied considering project specific parameters (e.g. ambient conditions, fuel properties).
A calculation tool is available via the web link mentioned in the preamble.
Additional features for an optimum performance shall be identified by an order specific analysis conducted by Siemens.
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Section 5.1.1.
6.1.1. Thermal Performance
Page
5
-3 -1
6.1.1.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
All performance is estimated and not guaranteed
and is subject to change without notice.
(performance for 32 oC is with engine design optimized for hot ambient)
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Table: Thermal Performance - Gaseous Fuel
Conditions
Ambient temperature / pressure / relative humidity
ISO 15 °C / 1.013 bar / 60 %
hot 32 °C / 1.013 bar / 50 %
Application
SC (simple cycle) unpreheated fuel, pressure losses: Air Intake, Stack
CC (combined cycle) preheated fuel, pressure losses: Air Intake, HRSG
Load Level / Speed / Generator Power Factor
100 % / 3000 rpm / 0.85
Thermal Performance - fuel gas
Ambient (as defined above)
Application (as defined above)
Water Injection for Emission Control
Methane
lower heating value
temperature @ fuel skid inlet
mass flow
ISO
SC
no
ISO
CC
no
hot
SC
no
hot
CC
no
50035
15
16.1
50035
200
16.0
50035
15
15.1
50035
200
15.0
kJ/kg
°C
kg/s
Gross Power Output
Gross Efficiency
Gross Heat Rate
Exhaust Flow
Exhaust Temperature
325.5
40.4
8902
720
602
322.0
40.4
8907
720
606
297.3
39.4
9138
687
613
293.9
39.4
9149
687
616
MW
%
kJ/kWh
kg/s
°C
gross values at generator terminals incl. excitation power
efficiency and heat rate without sensible heat for preheated fuel
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Section 5.1.1.
6.1.1. Thermal Performance
Page
5
-4 -2
6.1.1.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
All performance is estimated and not guaranteed
and is subject to change without notice.
(performance for 32 oC is with engine design optimized for hot ambient)
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Table: Thermal Performance - Liquid Fuel
Conditions
Ambient temperature / pressure / relative humidity
ISO 15 °C / 1.013 bar / 60 %
hot 32 °C / 1.013 bar / 50 %
Application
SC (simple cycle) unpreheated fuel, pressure losses: Air Intake, Stack
CC (combined cycle) unpreheated fuel, pressure losses: Air Intake, HRSG
Load Level / Speed / Generator Power Factor
100 % / 3000 rpm / 0.85
Thermal Performance - fuel oil
Ambient (as defined above)
Application (as defined above)
Water Injection for Emission Control
Fuel Oil No.2
lower heating value
temperature @ fuel skid inlet
mass flow
ISO
SC
no
ISO
CC
no
hot
SC
no
hot
CC
no
42600
15
16.5
42600
15
16.5
42600
15
15.3
42600
15
15.3
kJ/kg
°C
kg/s
Gross Power Output
Gross Efficiency
Gross Heat Rate
Exhaust Flow
Exhaust Temperature
276.2
39.5
9117
720
546
273.2
39.1
9216
720
550
249.3
38.3
9409
687
556
246.4
37.8
9518
687
559
MW
%
kJ/kWh
kg/s
°C
gross values at generator terminals incl. excitation power
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Section 5.1.1.
6.1.1. Thermal Performance
Page
5
-5 -3
6.1.1.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Degradation and Maintenance
Gas Turbines may degrade in performance due to a number of factors such as:
–
Deposits on flow surfaces
–
Roughing of flow surfaces
–
Gross distortion of parts
–
Seal and blade tip wear
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The effect of degradation on power output and efficiency related to new and clean conditions
is shown in Diagram “Expected effect of degradation”. The curves are valid for Siemens gas
turbines operated on conventional fuels (natural gas) and in compliance with recommendations on compressor cleaning (see chapter “Auxiliary Systems”).
The magnitude in performance recovery resulting from maintenance activities depends on
the scope of the work (see chapter “Service Aspects”). The only degradation that is recoverable by cleaning done by removal of removable deposits on flow surfaces. These deposits
cause increased friction and separation losses, and are not confined to compressor only.
Compressor cleaning is essential for gas turbine operation but the effectiveness of cleaning
measures are limited when impact of degradation caused by other factors increases. The
degradation due to such wear and tear, however, should be recoverable at major overhaul by
individual component refurbishment.
Typical fouling characteristics in the compressor are due to a formation of an oily/greasy surface in several early stages of the compressor flow path components. This surface absorbs
incoming particulates and enlarges continuously reducing the compressor efficiency. Due to
fact Siemens recommends the application of on line and an off line cleaning to recover performance reduction caused by these deposits. Compressor deposits can normally be removed by on line cleaning for partial restoration. Shutdown and off line cleaning with a water
detergent solution will result in a significantly increased restoration in most environments.
The severity and rate of degradation, and hence the choice and frequency of the application
of these procedures, depends on the environment the turbine is operating in. Some units are
situated in environments that are more conductive to fouling than others. For example, in
clean, in land locations, the air is usually free of dust and binding agents (oil vapors, airborne
chemicals, etc.). When the atmosphere is contaminated, more frequent cleaning is necessary to recover the lost efficiency. High efficiency, multi stage inlet filters may help in certain
appli-cations.
Turbine cleaning is required only for ash producing fuels, such as crude and residual oil fuel.
Siemens Energy Sector
AHB54FGTPACR10
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SI PMG
-
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Restricted
non binding values / For information only
Section 5.1.2.
6.1.2. Degradation and Maintenance
5 -6 -1
Page
6.1.2.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Expected effect of degradation
Gas turbine performance degrades over the course of operation (degradation effect). The
diagram depicts the expected course of power (P*) and efficiency (E*) related to a reference
condition, which generally is the guaranteed performance for „new and clean“.
–
Curves are valid for conventional fuels (natural gas, liquid fuel) in accordance with Siemens specifications.
–
Operation, maintenance and all other activities associated with the gas turbine, performed by the customer, are in line with Siemens AG specifications. This also includes
compliance with recommendations on compressor cleaning.
Even though the degradation effect commences with first firing, Siemens assumes responsibility for changes in operating characteristics that occur in the first 700 EOH.
P* 10, E*10
1,00
Degradation Factors
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The effects illustrated here apply in connection with the following conditions:
0,99
0,98
E*10
P*10
0,97
0,96
700
0
First
ignition
2000
4000
8000
10000
Equivalent Operating Hours (EOH)
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6000
Section 5.1.2.
6.1.2. Degradation and Maintenance
5 -7 -2
Page
6.1.2.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Exhaust Emissions
Transmittal, reproduction, dissemination and/or editing of this document as well as utilization of its contents and communication
thereof to others without express authorization are prohibited. Offenders will be held liable for payment of damages. All rights
created by patent grant or registration of a utility model or design patent are reserved.
Base configuration is for dry fuel gas and dry fuel oil operation.
To further reduce NOx emission levels, water injection for fuel oil operation can be provided
as an option.
Fuel
Methane
Fuel Oil No.2
Nitrogen Oxides (NOx)
dry emission
dry emission
25 ppm
58 ppm
down to 15 ppm*
wet emission control
down to 42 ppm **
Carbon Oxide (CO)
≤ 10 ppm
≤ 10 ppm
- values are for base load operation and dry exhaust with 15 vol.% O2
- other conditions are as shown in table “Thermal Performance”
* thermal performance may be affected depending on lower Wobbe index
** depending on amout of water injected (water injection affects thermal performance)
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Section 5.2. Exhaust Emissions
Page
5 -8
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Sound Emissions
The standard sound pressure levels1) of components within Supplier’s scope are as follows:
Lp < 95 dB(A)
for exhaust gas diffuser duct
Lp < 85 dB(A)
for all other components
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created by patent grant or registration of a utility model or design patent are reserved.
The sound pressure levels are conditioned upon:
–
A measurement that is executed according ISO3746 – 1995 at a distance of 1 m and a
height of 1.5 m above turbine floor or at the center line of the shaft under steady-state
normal operation with rated output2)
–
Any other effects or consequences arising from the Supplier's scope are Purchaser’s
responsibility
1)
Except for parts of buildings or enclosures which are themselves provided for noise
suppression purposes, e.g. inside gas turbine sound enclosure.
2)
Steady-state normal operation at rated output does not include:
–
Start up / shut down operation of the power station
–
Test operation
–
Commissioning phase
–
Pulse filter noise
–
Emergency conditions
–
Other abnormal operating conditions
–
Performance enhancement measures of gas turbine (e.g. fast wet compression operation, power augmentation PAG operation)
–
Faulty conditions
–
Background noise, e.g. from existing facilities and/or from Purchaser’s scope
–
no consideration of parts of buildings or enclosures which are themselves provided for
noise suppression purposes, e.g. inside turbine sound enclosure
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Section 5.3. Sound Emissions
Page
5 -9
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Operation
Start-Up Performance Gas Turbine
Start-up and Shutdown for Simple-Cycle Mode
The start-up time is defined by the time from turning gear speed to nominal rotor speed, plus
time for synchronization, plus time to nominal load at fully opened inlet guide vanes.
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The procedure for automatic start-up and shutdown passes through the following sequence
(for simple-cycle operation and fuel gas):
–
The unit shaft is on turning gear speed.
–
The starting frequency converter begins to accelerate the unit shaft. Compressor variable-pitch guide vanes are in closed (minimum air flow) position.
–
At ignition speed fuel gas is admitted to the gas turbine and is ignited. Fuel flow from the
fuel gas system is then increased to further accelerate the unit shaft. The turbine is operating in premix mode.
–
At self-sustaining speed the turbine is capable by itself to further accelerate. The starting
frequency converter is switched off. Fuel flow is further increased.
–
At full speed the generator is automatically synchronized with the grid.
–
The loading procedure begins with a load step. Further loading is accomplished by increasing fuel flow to turn the generator with excitation current gradually being increased.
–
When design exhaust-gas temperature is reached, the compressor variable-pitch guide
vanes are modulated towards the fully open positions at base load.
There is no difference of the procedure described above restarting from cold, warm or hot
start conditions.
The gas turbine is unloaded after shutdown signal in accordance with the same gradients as
for start-up.
For start-up times refer to Chapter “Components and Systems / Gas Turbine / Operating
Flexibility”
Variable-Pitch Guide Vanes Control
When operating the gas turbine in heat-recovery applications, it is generally desirable to
maintain the gas turbine exhaust gas temperature constant at part load to maintain a low
combined cycle heat rate.
The air flow through the gas turbine is controlled by adjusting the pitch of the compressor
inlet guide vanes. When the guide vanes are “opened“, the air flow through the gas turbine
increases, when they are “closed“ it decreases. This enables a constant exhaust temperature
in the upper output range during load changes. As a consequence, the part-load efficiency of
combined-cycle operation is improved.
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Section 5.4.1.
6.4.1. Start-Up Performance Gas Turbine
Page
5
-10 -1
6.4.1.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Applications
The Siemens Gas Turbine Package can be used in heat recovery applications to produce
steam for industrial process use or for cogeneration (cogen), also known as combined heat
and power (CHP). Cogen/CHP is the simultaneous production of electricity and useful heat
from the same fuel or energy. A compilation of waste-heat recovery steam curves are provided in the figures. For this purpose a single-pressure steam boiler has been applied as a
reference. Multiple-pressure steam cycle will be applicable for cogen projects as well.
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The gas turbine performance data reflects the effects of a GT inlet pressure loss of 3.4'' H2O
(approx. 9 mbar) and GT outlet pressure drop of 11'' H2O (approx 27.4 mbar). All ratings are
specified for base load output at 15° C (59° F) sea level conditions on natural gas fuel.
For this purpose the single-pressure steam boiler is configured with state-of-the-art values
component performance:
–
Approach Point=10°F (5.5K)
–
Pinch Point=15°F (8.3K)
–
Pressure losses
–
Economizer = 3%
–
Superheater = 3%
–
Drum-Blow-Down = 1%
–
Condensate Temperature = 227.8°F (108.2°C)
Although, steam production varies depending on site conditions, these steam curves will enable users to determine the amounts of steam that can be expected, at different pressure
and temperature conditions, from ducting gas turbine exhaust into a single- pressure level
waste heat recovery boiler without supplementary firing.
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Section 5.5. Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Applications
Page
5 -11
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Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Figure: Typical Steam Production Capability
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Section 5.5. Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Applications
Page
5 -12
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
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created by patent grant or registration of a utility model or design patent are reserved.
6 Scope of Supply
6
Scope of Supply
6.1.
6.1.1.
6.1.2.
6.1.3.
6.1.4.
6.1.5.
6.1.6.
6.1.7.
6.1.8.
6.1.9.
Base Scope ..............................................................................................
Gas Turbine .............................................................................................
Gas Turbine Auxiliaries ..........................................................................
Air Intake and Exhaust Gas System ......................................................
Control System ........................................................................................
Electrical Equipment ...............................................................................
Enclosures / Noise Protection ...............................................................
Gas Detection and Fire Protection ........................................................
Generator .................................................................................................
Generator Auxiliaries ..............................................................................
6-3
6-3
6-4
6-5
6-6
6-8
6-10
6-11
6-12
6-13
6.2.
6.2.1.
6.2.2.
Tools .........................................................................................................
Gas Turbine Tools ...................................................................................
Generator Tools .......................................................................................
6-14
6-14
6-16
6.3.
Scope of Services ...................................................................................
6-17
6.4.
6.4.1.
Options .....................................................................................................
Options Overview ....................................................................................
6-19
6-19
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Section 6 Scope of Supply
Page
6 -1
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Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
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Section 6 Scope of Supply
Page
6 -2
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Scope of Supply
The scope of supply is completely described in this section. Any hints on equipment, number
of component etc. given in other section are not binding even if the wording suggests something different.
Base Scope
Gas Turbine
Quantity
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Gas turbine type
SGT5-4000F
Number of gas turbines
1
Each gas turbine mainly comprising:
–
Annular combustion chamber
1
–
Turbine
1
–
Compressor
1
–
Bearings
2
–
Gas turbine instrumentation and actuation
1 set
–
Gas turbine insulation
1 set
–
Shaft turning gear
1
The gas turbine will be subjected to tests, as defined in Supplier’s quality assurance specification. Kindly refer to section “Standard QA Programs” for more details.
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Section 6.1.1.
7.1.1. Gas Turbine
Page
6
-3 -1
7.1.1.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Gas Turbine Auxiliaries
Quantity
Base Module, comprising the auxiliary packages for
1 per gas turbine
–
Hydraulic oil for valves and actuators
–
Hydraulic clearance optimization
–
Instrument air receiver tank (for pneumatic actuators)
–
Lube oil with plate-type oil-to-water heat exchanger
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Fuel gas components integrated into the interconnecting piping
1 per gas turbine
Natural Gas Flow Metering for Performance Test (loose supply only)
1 per plant
Mobile Compressor Cleaning System, including hose connection to
cleaning water nozzle system
1 per plant
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Section 6.1.2.
7.1.2. Gas Turbine Auxiliaries
6 -4 -1
Page
7.1.2.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Air Intake System
Quantity
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1 per gas turbine
–
Filter system with pre- and fine filter (multi-stage static filter)
–
Inlet air filter house including weather hood, bird screen, internal
support structure, instrumentation, lighting, power sockets, access
ladders, platforms and doors
–
Interconnecting duct work with expansion joint, manhole, damper
and silencer
–
Electrical hoist for maintenance (250kg)
–
Dehumidifier for gas turbine standstill
–
Nozzle system for compressor cleaning inside air inlet plenum
–
Anti-icing system
Exhaust Gas System
Quantity
1 per gas turbine
– Exhaust gas diffuser
– Compensator between Gas Turbine and Exhaust gas diffuser
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Section 6.1.3.
7.1.3. Air Intake and Exhaust Gas System
Page
6
-5 -1
7.1.3.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Control System
Gas Turbine Control System
Quantity
Control System Type
SPPA-T3000
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Turbine Controller
1 per gas turbine
–
Redundant automation processor for closed-loop control functions
–
I/O modules, as per I/O
Turbine Failsafe Protection and Trip System
–
1 per gas turbine
Failsafe system for protection and trip functions
Turbine Function Group Automatic and Operational Protection System
–
Redundant automation processor for open-loop control functions,
sequence control functions and operational protection functions
–
I/O modules, as per I/O
I&C Cables
–
1 set
Turbine related special instrument cables at turbine and on skids
(from sensor to junction box)
Application Server
–
1 per gas turbine
1
Redundant server for operating, monitoring, engineering function
Turbine Operating / Monitoring / Engineering System
–
Operator terminal with 2x 24” LCD monitor, keyboard and mouse
–
Printer, DIN A4 color laser
Turbine Network Bus System
1 set
–
SPPA-T3000 bus system with necessary network components
–
Fiber optic bus cable to plant central control room, maximum length
Signal Interface with Plant Distributed Control System
–
Terminal points for hardwired signal exchange
–
Maximum number of signals per turbine package
–
Terminal point for bus signal exchange (with OPC)
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1 per gas turbine
300 m
1 set
30
Section 6.1.4.
7.1.4. Control System
6
-6 -1
Page
7.1.4.
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Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
–
Maximum number of signals per turbine package
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500
WIN_TS Diagnostic System
1 set
–
WIN_TS analysis system hardware + peripherals
–
Software module for gas turbine special condition monitoring
Section 6.1.4.
7.1.4. Control System
6
-7 -2
Page
7.1.4.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Electrical Equipment
Gas Turbine Electrical Equipment
Quantity
Power Control Center (UBA01 / UBA02)
2 per gas turbine
AC Power Supply System
–
Low voltage switchgear, AC MCC (BFE / BME)
2 per gas turbine
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DC Power Supply System
–
DC voltage distribution (BUB / BUC)
2 per gas turbine
–
Battery (BTA)
1 per gas turbine
–
Battery charger (BTL)
2 per gas turbine
–
DC/DC converter (BUK)
2 per gas turbine
Generator Electrical Equipment
Quantity
Generator Equipment for Gas Turbine Generator
per generator
1
–
Generator neutral tie enclosure
–
Generator line side bushing enclosures
–
Generator current transformers, line side
3 x 3 cores
–
Generator current transformers, neutral side
3 x 3 cores
–
Generator neutral earthing cubicle (BAB11)
–
H2-ventilation skid for generator neutral tie and line side bushing
enclosures
1 set
1
1 set
Protection Equipment for Gas Turbine Generator
per generator
–
Generator protection (CHA)
1 set
–
Generator synchronization (CHA)
1 set
Starting Frequency Converter (SFC) for Gas Turbine Generator (CJT)
–
Line side and machine side B6C converter bridge
–
DC link between line side and machine side converter
–
Overvoltage protection on line side and machine side
–
Speed control
–
Compressor washing function
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1 per generator
Section 6.1.5.
7.1.5. Electrical Equipment
Page
6
-8 -1
7.1.5.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Static Excitation Equipment (SEE) for Gas Turbine Generator (CJT)
–
Fully controlled converter bridge type B6C
–
Equipment for rapid de-excitation
–
DC side overvoltage protection
–
2 channels, each with automatic and manual mode
–
Power system stabilizer
1 per generator
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editing of
of this
this document
document as
as well
well as
as utilization
utilization of
of its
its contents
contents and
and communication
communication
thereof
thereof to
to others
others without
without express
express authorization
authorization are
are prohibited.
prohibited. Offenders
Offenders will
will be
be held
held liable
liable for
for payment
payment of
of damages.
damages. All
All rights
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created
created by
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or registration
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utility model
model or
or design
design patent
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Transformers for Gas Turbine Generator
–
SFC transformer with metal enclosure (MBJ)
1 per generator
–
SEE transformer with metal enclosure (MKC)
1 per generator
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Section 6.1.5.
7.1.5. Electrical Equipment
Page
6
-9 -2
7.1.5.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Enclosures / Noise Protection
Quantity
Noise Enclosure for Gas Turbine
1 per gas turbine
–
Structural steel, with corrosion protection
–
Noise abatement panels, galvanized
–
Internal service platforms and ladders, galvanized
–
Doors with safety windows
–
Internal lighting, including emergency lighting
Transmittal,
Transmittal, reproduction,
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utilization of
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contents and
and communication
communication
thereof
thereof to
to others
others without
without express
express authorization
authorization are
are prohibited.
prohibited. Offenders
Offenders will
will be
be held
held liable
liable for
for payment
payment of
of damages.
damages. All
All rights
rights
created
created by
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or registration
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utility model
model or
or design
design patent
patent are
are reserved.
reserved.
Ventilation System for Gas Turbine Enclosure
1 per gas turbine
–
Air intake openings with protective grills, dampers and silencer
–
Air handling unit, equipped with back draft dampers, fans including
mechanical redundancy, and silencers
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Section 6.1.6.
7.1.6. Enclosures / Noise Protection
6 -10 -1
Page
7.1.6.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Gas Detection and Fire Protection System
Quantity
Gas Detection System
1 per gas turbine
– Gas detectors, horns and beacons, control unit
Covering following areas:
–
Gas turbine Enclosure
–
Fuel gas section
FIRE DETECTION SYSTEM FOR GAS TURBINE UNIT
1 per gas turbine
Transmittal,
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editing of
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utilization of
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and communication
communication
thereof
thereof to
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others without
without express
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authorization are
are prohibited.
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Offenders will
will be
be held
held liable
liable for
for payment
payment of
of damages.
damages. All
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rights
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created by
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or registration
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utility model
model or
or design
design patent
patent are
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reserved.
– Fire detection and control system with local panel
Covering following areas:
–
Gas turbine enclosure and fuel gas section
–
Base module
–
Power control center
–
Generator seal oil skid
–
Generator Bearings
1 per gas turbine
FIRE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM
–
CO2 Storage system (high-pressure bottles) for fire extinguishing
agent and direction valve station
–
Piping system from storage system (bottle rack) to spray nozzles
inside the enclosure incl. supports
Covering following areas:
–
Gas Turbine Enclosure
–
Fuel Gas Section
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Section 6.1.7.
7.1.7. Gas Detection and Fire Protection
6 -11 -1
Page
7.1.7.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Generator
Gas Turbine Generator
Quantity
Generator type
SGen5-2000H
Number of generators
1
Transmittal,
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utilization of
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thereof to
to others
others without
without express
express authorization
authorization are
are prohibited.
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will be
be held
held liable
liable for
for payment
payment of
of damages.
damages. All
All rights
rights
created
created by
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or registration
registration of
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utility model
model or
or design
design patent
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Each generator mainly comprising:
–
Stator frame, complete with bearing brackets, bearings, stator core,
and indirectly cooled stator winding
1
–
Rotor, two-pole, direct radially cooled, with couplings at both ends
1
–
High voltage leads
6
–
Sleeve bearings, self aligning, forced lubricated, insulated to prevent shaft currents, supported by bearing brackets at each end of
the frame
2
–
Bolt-on collector, with enclosure and air filter for collector rings and
collector brush rigging, collector bearing
1
–
Ventilating blower, axial single-stage, mounted on generator shaft
2
–
Hydrogen coolers, with a total of 2x 25% sections for individual
valve-off
2
–
Generator fixators and transverse and axial anchors
–
Piping connections for lube oil, seal oil, gas
–
Junction boxes and terminal boards for instrumentation, control and
power wiring
–
Gas tight terminal board for wiring of internal instrumentation
–
Resistance temperature detectors (Platinum, 100 ohms at 0 °C)
–
–
Slot RTDs embedded in armature windings acc. IEC 60034-3
–
Either triplex or duplex RTDs for hydrogen coolers outlet cold
gas
–
Duplex RTDs in hot gas inlet to hydrogen coolers
1 set
1
6
1 set
2
Thermocouples (Type K, Chromel-Alumel)
–
Triplex TC embedded in metal of each generator bearing
1
The generator will be subjected to tests conducted under static conditions, as defined in
Supplier’s quality assurance specification. Kindly refer to section “Standard QA Programs”.
Type test certificates of a similar frame size can be reviewed at supplier’s manufacturing facility.
Siemens Energy Sector
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Section 6.1.8.
7.1.8. Generator
Page
6
-12 -1
7.1.8.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Generator Auxiliaries
Quantity
Gas Supply Systems, incl.
1 set per generator
–
Single tower gas dryer
–
Hydrogen supply skid, including hydrogen purity measurement
–
Hydrogen central supply rack with consumption measurement
–
Argon supply (bottles not included)
Transmittal,
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others without
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Offenders will
will be
be held
held liable
liable for
for payment
payment of
of damages.
damages. All
All rights
rights
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created by
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patent grant
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or registration
registration of
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utility model
model or
or design
design patent
patent are
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Seal Oil System Performance Plus (segmented carbon seal), incl.
–
Seal oil pumps, 2x 100%, with AC motor
–
Emergency seal oil pump, 1x 100%, with DC motor
–
Seal oil coolers, 2x 100%
–
Seal oil filter, 2x 100%
–
Seal oil storage tank
Waste Gas System, incl.
–
1 per generator
1 per generator
Generator bearing vapor exhaust blower, 2x 100%
Liquid Level Detector Rack
Siemens Energy Sector
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1 per generator
Section 6.1.9.
7.1.9. Generator Auxiliaries
6 -13 -1
Page
7.1.9.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Tools
Gas Turbine Tools
The following tools and relating foundation parts are required for initial assembly as well as
for maintenance and inspection of gas turbines.
Transmittal,
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will be
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held liable
liable for
for payment
payment of
of damages.
damages. All
All rights
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created by
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or registration
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utility model
model or
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design patent
patent are
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Component Specific Tools (CST) – Basic Equipment
No.
GPC
1.1
TLC11 Special
wrenches,
screw plugs
1
For disassembly / assembly of screw plugs on
blade clearance measurement ports and on balancing weight ports
1.2
TLC12 Special
tools, 1
initial assembly
Special tools and special fixtures, necessary for
initial assembly and inspection
1.3
TLC13 Wrenches
balancing
weights
for 1
For loosening and tightening of the balancing
weights
1.4
TLC21 Assembly de- 1
vice,
compressor
bearing area
For disassembly / assembly of compressor bearing cover
1.5
TLC23 Support,
intermediate
shaft
1
For supporting the intermediate shaft during the
rotor is disassembled or disconnected
1.6
TLC25 Assembly de- 1
vice,
turbine bearing
area
For disassembly / assembly of the turbine bearing
or the bearing pads
1.7
TLC42 Assembly de- 1
vices,
combustion
system
Special tools for disassembly / assembly of burners
1.8
Designation
Qty (per Remarks
plant)
TLC71 Support, rotor, 1
compressor end
Devices for inspection of the combustion chamber
For supporting the rotor during change of the
compressor bearing
GPC = Generic Part Code / Qty = Quantity
Siemens Energy Sector
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Section 6.2.1.
7.2.1. Gas Turbine Tools
Page
6
-14 -1
7.2.1.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Transmittal,
Transmittal, reproduction,
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editing of
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and communication
communication
thereof
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authorization are
are prohibited.
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Offenders will
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held liable
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for payment
payment of
of damages.
damages. All
All rights
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or registration
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utility model
model or
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design patent
patent are
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Foundation Base Parts (CFB) – Basic Equipment
No.
GPC
Designation
Qty
Remarks
3.1
TLG46 Frame,
sup- 1 each Frame for intermediate shaft support
port, intermedi- GT
ate shaft
3.2
TLG48 Base,
rotor 1 per for rotor inspection
upending de- plant
Embedded into foundation
vice
Foundation plate, required for the fixation of the
rotor upending device
GPC = Generic Part Code / Qty = Quantity
Siemens Energy Sector
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Section 6.2.1.
7.2.1. Gas Turbine Tools
Page
6
-15 -2
7.2.1.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Generator Specific Tools
Quantity
Transmittal,
Transmittal, reproduction,
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dissemination and/or
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utility model
model or
or design
design patent
patent are
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Tools for Erection and Major Inspection
1 set for all units
–
Rotor installation tools, incl. slide plate, slide shoe, rotor support,
pull device and stator core protector assembly
–
Frame lifting tools (lifting trunnions)
–
Tooling for bearing, gland seal and blower shroud installation
–
Stud heater
1
–
Alemite fitting-gun-hose assembly for bearing bracket sealing
1
–
Cooler removal tools
1 set
–
Hydraulic jacks, manual pumps and accessories
1 set
Siemens Energy Sector
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1 set
4
Section 6.2.2.
7.2.2. Generator Tools
Page
6
-16 -1
7.2.2.
1 set
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Scope of Services
Project-related Services
Project Management
Quantity
Provision of experienced project management with specialists for
technical and commercial project management execution, logistics activities, health and safety, quality management including administrative
services for personnel, material and equipment
Transmittal, reproduction, dissemination and/or editing of this document as well as utilization of its contents and communication
thereof to others without express authorization are prohibited. Offenders will be held liable for payment of damages. All rights
created by patent grant or registration of a utility model or design patent are reserved.
Project Scheduling
1
Quantity
Provision of project scheduling, planning, controlling and progress reporting
Logistics
1
Quantity
Provision of cargo transportation and shipping for offered equipment,
including related logistic co-ordination and required transportation documents according to the terms of delivery (Incoterm code and named
destinations) as stated in the commercial part of the supply contract
Licensing
1
Quantity
Provision of documents and drawings for support of Purchaser’s licensing and permit activities
Project Documentation
1
Quantity
Provision of project documentation,
1 set per project
–
Project progress report
electronic form
–
Quality documentation (TQ)
electronic form
–
Engineering & design documentation (TD)
electronic form
–
Operating & maintenance documentation (TP)
electronic form
–
Operating manuals (TO)
1 paper copy +
electronic form
–
Erection manuals (TE)
electronic form
–
Commissioning manuals (TC)
electronic form
Siemens Energy Sector
AHB54FGTPACR10 / Rev: 12 (11/2016) PG GT GCO PC FE BO - Restricted -
non binding values / For information only
Section 6.3. Scope of Services
Page
6 -17
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Site-related Services
Technical Field Assistance (TFA) / Erection and Commissioning
Services (ECS)
Provision of TFA / ECS during erection and commissioning phase scope/responsibilities depend on concept choosen for a specific project
Quantity
1
Transmittal, reproduction, dissemination and/or editing of this document as well as utilization of its contents and communication
thereof to others without express authorization are prohibited. Offenders will be held liable for payment of damages. All rights
created by patent grant or registration of a utility model or design patent are reserved.
(this service activities will be offered/contracted separately from the
Turbine Package scope offer/contract and be carried out by a contractor qualified and approved by the Supplier)
Labeling
Quantity
Provision of list of labels
1
Provision of temporary identification labels on pre-installed equipment
as appropriate
Provision of manufacturing rating plates on large components
as appropriate
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Section 6.3. Scope of Services
Page
6 -18
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Options Overview
Option Type
Gas Turbine
–
Transmittal,
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for payment
payment of
of damages.
damages. All
All rights
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utility model
model or
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design patent
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reserved.
Design features for optimized part load performance and fuel flexibility: 2 stages of compressor variable-pitch guide vanes (in addition to inlet
guide vanes)
- 4-stage burners (2 stages for main premixed fuel gas, 2 stages for
premixed pilot gas) instead of 2-stage burners
Gas Turbine Auxiliaries
–
Fuel Gas system for 4-stage burners
replacement
–
Hydraulic Oil system for inlet guides vanes and additional guide vanes
replacement
–
Fuel Oil system
add-on
–
NOx Water Injection system for fuel oil
add-on
–
replacement
–
Advanced Compressor Cleaning system (ACCS)
without winter module / with winter module
(replaces mobile compressor cleaning)
Compressed Air supply for ACCS
–
Wet Compression power augmentation
add-on
–
Fast Wet Compression for grid code applications
add-on
add-on
Air Intake System
–
no Anti-Icing system
take-out
–
Inlet Air Heating system for operation at low temperatures including antiicing functionality. It also optimizes part load performance.
replacement /
add-on
–
Coalescer for filter house
add-on
–
Weather Louver for filter house
add-on
–
Pulse Filter system for high particulate in the air
(replaces static filter system)
replacement
–
Air compressor system for air intake pulse filter
add-on
–
Evaporative cooler for power augmentation under hot and dry
conditions
add-on
Exhaust Gas System
–
Exhaust Stack (for simple cycle)
add-on
–
Aircraft warning lights for stack
add-on
–
Bypass Stack with Diverter Damper (for combined cycle)
add-on
–
Blanking plate for diverter
add-on
–
Blind plate for diverter
add-on
Siemens Energy Sector
AHB54FGTPACR10 / Rev:
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non binding values / For information only
Section 6.4.1.
7.4.1. Options Overview
Page
6
-19 -1
7.4.1.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Control System
–
Additional Operator Terminal
add-on
–
Turbine vibration analysis system
add-on
–
Continuous Emissions Monitoring System (for simple cycle)
add-on
–
Control cables
add-on
Transmittal,
Transmittal, reproduction,
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editing of
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Offenders will
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be held
held liable
liable for
for payment
payment of
of damages.
damages. All
All rights
rights
created
created by
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or registration
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utility model
model or
or design
design patent
patent are
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reserved.
Electrical Systems
–
220V DC / 230V AC inverter for Siemens supplied control system
equipment within PCC
add-on
–
One starting frequency converter (SFC) for two turbine-generators
take-out
–
second SFC with changeover function for starting of 2 gas turbines via
2 SFCs, in case of two turbine-generators
add-on
–
SFC disconnect cubicle BAB35-38 with voltage transformers for
connection of isolated phase bus duct
add-on
–
SEE with redundant power bridges n+1
add-on
–
Manual Synchronization
add-on
–
Main and unit auxiliary transformer protection
add-on
–
Power cables including cable racks
add-on
Enclosures / Noise Protection
–
Noise protection walls for Generator
add-on
–
Skids enclosure, dual fuel, indoor
add-on
Fire Protection
–
high-pressure CO2 fire fighting for PCCs
add-on
Fin-Fan Cooling System
for cooling with air, for example, when no plant cooling water system is
available
–
–
Fin-Fan water-to-air coolers common for lube oil and generator, cooling
water pumps and expansion tank,
instrumentation and control devices
Fin-Fan oil-to-air coolers for lube oil (typically for very hot conditions)
(replaces oil-to-water plate-type cooler on lube oil skid)
add-on
replacement
Gas Turbine Tools
–
Tools for major inspection
add-on
–
Borescope kit
add-on
Erection, Commissioning, Technical Services
–
Commissioning Instruments
add-on
–
Customer Training
add-on
Siemens Energy Sector
AHB54FGTPACR10 / Rev:
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non binding values / For information only
Section 6.4.1.
7.4.1. Options Overview
Page
6
-20 -2
7.4.1.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Transmittal, reproduction, dissemination and/or editing of this document as well as utilization of its contents and communication
thereof to others without express authorization are prohibited. Offenders will be held liable for payment of damages. All rights
created by patent grant or registration of a utility model or design patent are reserved.
7 Data Sheets
7
Data Sheets
7.1.
7.1.1.
7.1.2.
7.1.3.
7.1.4.
7.1.5.
7.1.6.
Technical Data .........................................................................................
Gas Turbine .............................................................................................
Gas Turbine Auxiliaries ..........................................................................
Air Intake System ....................................................................................
Exhaust Gas System ...............................................................................
Electrical Systems ...................................................................................
Generator .................................................................................................
7-3
7-3
7-4
7-9
7-10
7-11
7-17
7.2.
Electrical Load Table ..............................................................................
7-20
7.3.
Auxiliary Power Consumption ...............................................................
7-21
7.4.
Heat Emissions ........................................................................................
7-22
7.5.
Closed Cooling Water System ...............................................................
7-24
Siemens Energy Sector
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Section 7 Data Sheets
Page
7 -1
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Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Siemens Energy Sector
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Section 7 Data Sheets
Page
7 -2
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Data Sheets
Technical Data
Gas Turbine
Technical Data
General Data
–
Gas turbine type
–
Nominal turbine speed
SGT5-4000F
3000 rpm
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Compressor
–
Number of stages
15
–
Number of variable-pitch inlet guide vane rows
1
–
Number of variable-pitch guide vane rows (option)
2
–
Compressor pressure ratio
approx. 20.1
approx. 20.2 (hot ambient design)
Turbine
–
Number of stages
4
Combustion Chamber
–
Type
–
Number of combustion chambers
–
Number of burners per combustion chamber
–
Number of ignition devices per burner
Siemens Energy Sector
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annular
1
24
1
Section 7.1.1.
8.1.1. Gas Turbine
Page
7
-3 -1
8.1.1.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Gas Turbine Auxiliaries
Natural Gas System
Technical Data
Main Supply Line
–
Number of emergency stop valves
1
Premix Supply Line
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–
Number of control valves with trip function
1
Pilot Supply Line
–
Number of control valves with trip function
Fuel Oil System
1
Technical Data
Fuel Oil Injection Pump
–
Type
centrifugal pump
–
Number and capacity
1 x 100%
–
Drive
AC motor
Feed Line Filter
–
Type
duplex
–
Number and capacity
–
Filter mesh size, absolute
25 µm
–
Filter mesh size, nominal
10 µm
1 / 2x 100%
Diffusion System
–
Number of emergency stop valves
2
–
Number of combined control/stop valves
1
–
Number of control valves
1
Premix System
–
Number of emergency stop valves
1
–
Number of combined control/stop valves
1
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Section 7.1.2.
8.1.2. Gas Turbine Auxiliaries
7 -4 -1
Page
8.1.2.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
NOX Water Injection System
Technical Data
Water Injection Pump
–
Type and drive
–
Number and capacity
centrifugal pump / AC motor
1 x 100%
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Valves
–
Number of emergency stop valves
2
–
Number of control valves with trip function
2
–
Number of isolating valves
1
–
Number of minimum flow valves
1
Filter
–
Type
–
Number and capacity
–
Filter mesh size, nominal
simplex
1x 100%
10 µm
Hydraulic Oil System
Technical Data
Hydraulic Oil Tank
–
Fluid viscosity, acc. to DIN 51519 or ASTM D 2422
–
Tank material
refer to “Media Gas Turbine”
carbon steel, uncoated inside
Hydraulic Oil Pump
–
Type
–
Number and capacity
–
Drive
variable displacement pump
2x 100%
AC motor
Hydraulic Oil Cooler
–
Type
fin fan
–
Drive
AC motor
Lube and Jacking Oil System
Technical Data
Lube Oil Tank
–
Lube oil viscosity
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ISO VG 46
Section 7.1.2.
8.1.2. Gas Turbine Auxiliaries
7 -5 -2
Page
8.1.2.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
–
Lube oil retention time
approx. 8 min
–
Tank volume
approx. 17 m3
Main Oil Pump
–
Type and drive
–
Number and capacity
centrifugal pump / AC motor
2x 100%
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Emergency Oil Pump
–
Type and drive
–
Number
centrifugal pump / DC motor
1
Jacking Oil Pump
–
Type and drive
–
Number
vane pump / AC motor
1
Oil Vapor Exhauster
–
Type and drive
–
Number
fan / AC motor
2
Lube Oil Filter
–
Type
–
Number and capacity
–
Filter mesh size, absolute
duplex
1 / 2x 100%
20 µm
Jacking Oil Filter
–
Type
–
Number and capacity
–
Filter mesh size, absolute
cartridge
1 / 1x 100%
20 µm
Lube Oil Cooler
–
Type
–
Number and capacity
Turning System
–
Type
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plate-type
1x 100%
Technical Data
hydraulic motor
Section 7.1.2.
8.1.2. Gas Turbine Auxiliaries
7 -6 -3
Page
8.1.2.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Turning System
–
Drive
–
Turning speed
Hydraulic Clearance Optimization System
Technical Data
jacking oil pump
120 min-1
Technical Data
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Booster Pump
–
Type
–
Number and capacity
–
Drive
gear pump
2x 100%
AC motor
Pressure Filter
–
Type
–
Number and capacity
–
Filtration rating
block mounting
1x 100%
3 µm
Pressure Accumulator
–
Type
–
Number
–
Volume, nominal
–
Pressure, operating
–
Pressure, permissible operating
Mobile Compressor Cleaning System
bladder
1
0.02 m3
160/180 bar
315 bar
Technical Data
Cleaning Fluid Mixing Tank
–
Tank volume, geometrical / maximum filling
0.72 / 0.60 m3
Cleaning Fluid Feed Pump
–
Type and drive
–
Number and capacity
centrifugal pump / AC motor
1x 100%
Cleaning Agent Filling Pump
–
Type and drive
–
Number
Siemens Energy Sector
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barrel pump / manual
1
Section 7.1.2.
8.1.2. Gas Turbine Auxiliaries
7 -7 -4
Page
8.1.2.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Advanced Compressor Cleaning System (ACCS)
Technical Data
Cleaning Fluid Mixing Tank
–
Tank volume, geometrical / maximum filling
–
Waste water consumption, online / offline
–
Washing cycles with one filling, online / offline
1.00 / 0.95 m3
0.0 / 1.8 m3
2/1
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Cleaning Fluid Feed Pump
–
Type and drive
–
Number and capacity
centrifugal pump / AC motor
1x 100%
Cleaning Agent Dosing Pump
–
Type and drive
–
Number and capacity
centrifugal pump / AC motor
1x 100%
Compressed Air System
–
Required compressed air pressure
–
Required compressed air quality
–
Required compressed air quantity (at 6 bar)
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6…10 bar
ISO 8573-1 3 4 3
10 l/s
Section 7.1.2.
8.1.2. Gas Turbine Auxiliaries
7 -8 -5
Page
8.1.2.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Air Intake System
Technical Data
General Design Data
approx. 555 m3/s
–
Intake air volume flow
–
Design pressure, minimum
-2200 Pa
–
Design pressure, maximum
+3000 Pa
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Materials
–
Silencer baffles
Marine grade aluminium alloy
–
Ductwork
low carbon steel
–
Filter house casing
low carbon steel
–
Expansion joint
–
Sound absorption material
–
Weather hoods
–
Bird screen
Hypalon or equiv.
high quality mineral wool
low carbon steel
galvanized carbon steel
Static Pre-Filter / Fine-Filter
–
Number
Approx. 540
–
Intake air volume flow, per cell
< 3700 m3/h
–
Arrestance class acc. to EN 779, pre-filter
G3 / G4
–
Arrestance class acc. to EN 779, fine-filter
F8
1)
–
System pressure drop, initial
–
System pressure drop, final 1) 2)
approx. 400 Pa
approx. 1000 Pa
1)
Pressure drop between ambient air and clean air space.
2)
Final pressure drop for individual filter stages will be provided during project execution.
Siemens Energy Sector
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Section 7.1.3.
8.1.3. Air Intake System
7 -9 -1
Page
8.1.3.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Exhaust Gas System
Technical Data
General Design Data
–
Exhaust gas volume flow (at ISO conditions)
–
Design flue gas temperature (fuel gas operation)
1730 m³/s
650 °C
Materials
–
Ductwork / casing
–
Insulation
carbon steel
glass fiber
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(e.g. Carbowool, Insulfrax)
–
Inner liner
stainless steel
Exhaust Gas Diffuser
–
Design pressure, minimum
-2000 Pa
–
Design pressure, maximum
+5400 Pa
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Section 7.1.4.
8.1.4. Exhaust Gas System
7 -10 -1
Page
8.1.4.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Electrical Systems
Low Voltage Switchgear
Technical Data
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AC Switchgear
–
System classification acc. to IEC 60364
AC TN-S
–
Rated voltage
AC 400 V
–
Control voltage (Us)
DC 220 V
–
Rated insulation voltage
1000 V
–
Rated impulse withstand current (Ipk)
110 kA
–
Rated short time withstand current (Icw)
–
Surface treatment, frame parts
–
Surface treatment, enclosure
–
Enclosure color
–
Degree of protection acc. to IEC 60529, panels
IP 40
–
Degree of protection acc. to IEC 60529, to cable floor
IP 00
–
Ambient temperature, maximum daily mean
50 kA (1 s)
sendzimir galvanized
powder-coated
RAL 7035
+35 °C
DC Switchgear
–
System classification acc. to IEC 60364
DC IT
–
Rated voltage
DC 220 V
–
Control voltage (Us)
DC 220 V
–
Rated insulation voltage
–
Rated short time withstand current (Icw), busbar
10 kA
–
Rated breaking capacity acc. to IEC 60269
10 kA
–
Surface treatment, frame parts
–
Surface treatment, enclosure
–
Enclosure color
–
Degree of protection acc. to IEC 60529, panels
IP 40
–
Degree of protection acc. to IEC 60529, to cable floor
IP 00
–
Ambient temperature, maximum daily mean
1000 V
sendzimir galvanized
powder-coated
RAL 7035
+35 °C
Battery, Battery Charger
Technical Data
Battery
–
Number of cells
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108
Section 7.1.5.
8.1.5. Electrical Systems
7 -11 -1
Page
8.1.5.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
–
Design operating voltage
220 V
–
Rated voltage
216 V
(2.00 V/cell)
–
Float charge voltage
241 V
(2.23 V/cell)
–
Boost charge voltage (consumers disconnected)
259 V
(2.40 V/cell)
–
Final discharge voltage
198 V
(1.83 V/cell)
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Battery Charger
–
Input voltage
AC 400 V, ±10 %
–
Input frequency
–
Output voltage, setting range
–
Float charge voltage
–
Output voltage, regulation error at load variation between 0…100%
±0.5 %
–
Output voltage, ripple content at rated current without
battery
<2 % rms
–
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)
–
Cubicle color
–
Degree of protection acc. to IEC 60529, panels
IP 20
–
Degree of protection acc. to IEC 60529, to cable floor
IP 00
–
Ambient temperature, permissible range
50 Hz, ±5 %
±5.0 %
2.23 V/cell
EN 61000-6-2 / 61000-6-4
RAL 7035
0…+40 °C
Converter, Inverter
Technical Data
DC/DC Converter
–
Input voltage
DC 220 V, +10/-15 %
–
Output voltage
–
Output voltage, ripple content peak-to-peak
–
Radio interference acc. to EN 55022
–
Cubicle color
–
Degree of protection acc. to IEC 60529, panels
IP 20
–
Degree of protection acc. to IEC 60529, to cable floor
IP 00
–
Ambient temperature, permissible range
DC 26 V, ±1 %
<1 %
class “A”
RAL 7035
0…+40 °C
DC/AC Inverter (Option)
–
Input voltage
–
Input voltage, permissible variation range
–
Bypass input voltage and frequency
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DC 220 V
+10/-15 %, rated conditions
AC 230 V, 50 Hz
Section 7.1.5.
8.1.5. Electrical Systems
7 -12 -2
Page
8.1.5.
Application Handbook
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Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
–
Output voltage and frequency
AC 230 V, 50 Hz
–
Output voltage, static tolerance
±1 %
–
Output voltage, dynamic tolerance
±5 %
–
Output voltage, setting range
±5 %
–
Output voltage, harmonic content for linear load
≤3 %
–
Overload capability (for 3 seconds)
–
Radio interference acc. to DIN EN 62040-2
–
Cubicle color
–
Degree of protection acc. to IEC 60529, panels
IP 20
–
Degree of protection acc. to IEC 60529, to cable floor
IP 00
–
Ambient temperature, permissible range
200 %
class C3
RAL 7035
0…+40 °C
Starting Frequency Converter (SFC) Type 5.0 MW
Technical Data
General Data
–
Active power
5.0 MW
–
Rated apparent power
–
Rated input voltage
–
DC link current
1770 A
–
DC link voltage
2830 V
6250 kVA
2.5 kV
Power Section
–
Type of thyristors
–
Number per branch
–
Voltage rating factor
–
Rated losses
T2251N80TS01
1
2.26
55 kW
Smoothing Reactor (DC Link)
–
Rated current
–
Starting current
930 A
1770 A
Mechanical Data
–
Degree of protection acc. to IEC 60529, cubicles
IP 32
–
Degree of protection acc. to IEC 60529, to cable floor
IP 00
–
Type of cooling
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forced air
Section 7.1.5.
8.1.5. Electrical Systems
7 -13 -3
Page
8.1.5.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
–
Cooling air flow required
–
Weight (SFC including DC link reactor)
10800 m3/h
2800 kg
Static Excitation Equipment (SEE) Type 560/4500
Technical Data
Transmittal,
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General Data
–
Maximum continuous excitation current (Ifmax)
2927 A
–
Excitation system nominal current (IEN)
3220 A
–
Ceiling current (IP)
4391 A
–
Rated input voltage (US)
560 V
–
Ceiling voltage (UP)
649 V
Power Section
–
Type of thyristors
–
Number of bridges
–
Voltage rating factor
–
Rated losses, without transformer
DCR4920W28
2x 50 %
3.54
14 kW
Voltage Controller
–
Control accuracy
0.5 %
–
Control range (with generator connected to the grid)
–
Control range (manual)
–
Controller dead band
0.1 %
–
Ceiling voltage factor
2.0
–
Ceiling current factor
1.5
–
Excitation nominal response ratio
3.76 s-1
–
Voltage response time
<30 ms
95…105 %
0…110 %
Mechanical Data
–
Degree of protection acc. to IEC 60529, cubicles
IP 32
–
Degree of protection acc. to IEC 60529, to cable floor
IP 00
–
Type of cooling
–
Cooling air flow required
–
Weight
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5000 m3/h
2550 kg
Section 7.1.5.
8.1.5. Electrical Systems
7 -14 -4
Page
8.1.5.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
SFC and SEE Transformer
Technical Data
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General Data
–
Design and tolerances
acc. to IEC and DIN standard
–
Rated frequency
–
Maximum permissible short circuit duration
–
Tap changing equipment at HV side
–
Adjustment range, upper limit
+5 % (in 2 steps)
–
Adjustment range, lower limit
-5 % (in 2 steps)
–
Primary voltage
–
Neutral insulation
–
Type of cooling
–
Ambient temperature, design
+20 °C
–
Ambient temperature, maximum acc. to IEC 60076-11
+40 °C
–
Maximum temperature rise in HV / LV winding acc. to
IEC 60076-11:2004 design
–
Thermal class acc. to IEC 60085:2004, design
class “F”
–
Thermal class acc. to IEC 60085:2004, load condition
class “F”
–
Degree of protection, without / with housing
50 Hz
2s
no-load
refer to Single Line Diagram
not grounded
AN
100 / 100 K
IP 00 / IP 23 DHW
Specific Data for SFC Transformer
–
Rated power
3400 kVA
–
Power during start-up of gas turbine
6250 kVA
–
Secondary voltage
–
Impedance voltage, at 75 °C winding temperature, ra ted
power and nominal tap
–
Vector group
–
Rated short duration induced AC withstand voltage
(r.m.s.) LV winding
10 kV
–
Rated lightning impulse withstand voltage LV winding
depending on highest primary voltage (LI-full wave)
20 kV
–
Rated short duration induced AC withstand voltage
(r.m.s.) HV winding
20 kV
(up to 7.2 kV primary)
–
Rated lightning impulse withstand voltage HV winding
depending on highest primary voltage (LI-full wave)
60 kV
(up to 7.2 kV primary)
2500 V
6.6 %
Dy5
Specific Data for SEE Transformer
–
Rated power
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2550 kVA
Section 7.1.5.
8.1.5. Electrical Systems
7 -15 -5
Page
8.1.5.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Secondary voltage
560 V
–
Impedance voltage, at 75 °C winding temperature, ra ted
power and nominal tap
6%
–
Vector group
Dy5
–
Rated short duration induced AC withstand voltage
(r.m.s.) LV winding
3 kV
–
Rated short duration induced AC withstand voltage
HV winding
20 kV
(up to 7.2 kV primary)
–
Rated lightning impulse withstand voltage HV winding
depending on highest primary voltage (LI-full wave)
60 kV
(up to 7.2 kV primary)
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–
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Section 7.1.5.
8.1.5. Electrical Systems
7 -16 -6
Page
8.1.5.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Generator
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for SGT5-PAC 4000F
Type
SGen5-2000H
Rating
Power factor
Rated terminal voltage
383 MVA
0.85
Rated phase current
Rated speed
Frequency
11.056 kA
3000 rpm
50 Hz
Cooling medium
Hydrogen pressure (gauge)
Type of cooling, rotor / stator
Hydrogen
4.1 bar
radial direct / indirect
Mean temperature rise (calculated)
− rotor winding
− stator winding
acc. IEC 034
acc. IEC 034
Cold gas temperature
35 °C
Short circuit current (peak)
Permanent short-circuit current
− 3 phase
− 2 phase
158.0 kA ± 30%
17.9 kA ± 15%
27.5 kA ± 15%
No-load short-circuit ratio (saturated)
0.64
Permissible unbalanced load
− continuous
− I22 * t
acc. IEC 034
acc. IEC 034
Class of insulation
class F, temperature rise acc. class B
Generator efficiency at rated P.F.
4/4-load
3/4-load
2/4-load
1/4-load
98.99 %
98.95 %
98.74 %
97.88 %
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20 kV ± 5 %
Section 7.1.6.
8.1.6. Generator
Page
7
-17 -1
8.1.6.
Application Handbook
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Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Tolerances
according to IEC 034
Number of terminals
6
Reactances:
Xd” (saturated)
Xd' (saturated)
Xd (unsaturated)
20.88 % ± 15%
27.01 % ± 15%
162.2 % ± 15%
Rated field current
Rated field voltage
2927 A
319 V
Materials:
Rotor winding
Stator winding
Stator winding insulation
Rotor
Rotor end bells
Silver bearing Copper
Copper
Epoxy-mica insulation system
26NiCrMoV 145
X8CrMnN18 18 K
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Section 7.1.6.
8.1.6. Generator
Page
7
-18 -2
8.1.6.
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Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Figure: Air-Cooled Generator SGen5-2000H for SGT5-PAC 4000F - Calculated Capability Curve
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Section 7.1.6.
8.1.6. Generator
Page
7
-19 -3
8.1.6.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Electrical Load Table
Shown below is the estimated load table for electrical consumers of the turbine package.
- ISO ambient conditions (refer to thermal performance table).
- Fuel gas operation
This information is subject to change depending on project-specific conditions.
estimated values for one unit
Starting
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required power
Operation
Essential
Supply
kW
kVA
kW
kVA
kW
kVA
5150
6350
---
---
---
---
145
1000
1000
2450
---
---
5295
7350
1000
2450
0
0
Total Low-Voltage Load
(normal and essential power)
315
390
230
285
215
270
Rated power of largest LV motor to start
90
110
90
110
90
110
Largest group of LV motor to start
---
---
---
---
130
160
Load Profile 6.6 kV AC
Starting Frequency Converter (SFC)
including transformer and converter losses
Static Excitation Equipment (SEE)
including transformer and converter losses
Total Medium-Voltage Load
Load Profile 400V AC
NOTES:
- refer to single-line diagram in Appendix "Drawings"
- Starting mode = period from turning gear to synchronization
- Operation mode = base load operation
- Essential (emergency) supply mode: via emergency diesel generator, turbine is on turning device
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Section 7.2. Electrical Load Table
Page
7 -20
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Auxiliary Power Consumption
Shown below is the estimated auxiliary power consumption of electrical consumers for
selected options.
This information is subject to change depending on project-specific conditions.
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estimated values in kW for one unit
Standby
Starting Operation
Fuel Oil Injection Pump
NOx Water Injection Pump
Pulse Filter
(temporary consumer)
Evaporative Cooler
(temporary consumer)
Fin-Fan Cooler
for lube oil and generator
(at about 40°C ambient)
1)
2)
Voltage
750
---
750
450
-----
-----
6.6 kV AC
6.6 kV AC
---
25
---
---
400 V AC
---
15
---
---
400 V AC
110
110
110
110
400 V AC
NOTES:
1) = power supply by grid
2) = power supply by emergency diesel
- Starting mode = period from turning gear to synchronization
- Operation mode = base load operation
- Standby mode = turbine is on turning device (hydraulic turning device driven by lifting oil)
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Section 7.3. Auxiliary Power Consumption
Page
7 -21
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Heat Emissions
Shown below is a list of estimated heat emissions of package components/systems
for consideration of HVAC design.
Temperature within turbine building 45 °C
This information is subject to change depending on project-specific conditions.
For definition of base scope and available options refer to chapter "Scope of Supply"
estimated values in kW for one unit
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location:
within
turbine
building
Gas Turbine
compressor, combustion system, turbine, turbine exhaust manifold
Air within the ventilated gas turbine enclosure (and fuel gas annex) is
exhausted directly to the outside of the turbine building. Therefore
only a small fraction of total gas turbine heat emissions is transfered
into the turbine building.
heat emissions from GT enclosure including fuel gas annex
annex to
turbine
building
4
Gas Turbine Auxiliaries
hydraulic oil system
2
HCO system
1
lube oil system
33
Interconnecting piping
8
drainage system
1
fuel oil system
35
purge water system
1
Seal air cooler
20
NOx water injection for fuel oil
25
Electrical Systems
Static excitation equipment (SEE) located within PCC
Starting frequency converter (SFC) located within PCC
Generator
located within building annex
(refer to Chapter "Site and Plant Aspects, Working Media, Concepts
Generator
50
Generator Auxiliaries
seal oil system
14
gas system
3
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Section 7.4. Heat Emissions
Page
7 -22
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Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Sum estimated heat emissions
fuel gas operation
49
67
fuel oil operation with NOx water injection
126
67
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Section 7.4. Heat Emissions
Page
7 -23
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Closed Cooling Water System
Shown below is a list of the estimated cooling capacity needed for components/systems
that require cooling water from a closed cooling water system.
- ISO ambient conditions (refer to "Performance / Thermal Performance")
- Generator MVAs, cosPHI, inlet air temperatur as in "Technical Data / Generator"
- Wet cooling tower with about 20 oC cooling water temperature assumed
- Shell&tube type cooler for closed cooling water system assumed,
resulting in about 27 oC cooling water temperature.
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This information is subject to change depending on project-specific conditions.
estimated values for one unit
heat load
(kW)
CW
mass flow
(kg/s)
CW
T in
(oC)
CW
T rise
(oC)
CW
max. T in
(oC)
1586
47
27
8
40
3205
96
27
10
45
200
6
27
9
40
Lube Oil
Lube Oil oil-to-water cooler
Generator
Generator internal hydrogen-towater cooler
Generator Seal Oil
Generator seal oil cooler
CW = cooling water
T in / T rise= cooling water inlet temperature / temperature rise in cooler
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Section 7.5. Closed Cooling Water System
Page
7 -24
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
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8 Service Aspects
8
Service Aspects
8.1.
Competitive Partner ................................................................................
8-3
8.2.
8.2.1.
8.2.2.
8.2.3.
8.2.4.
Service Product Portfolio .......................................................................
Service Programs ....................................................................................
Total Maintenance Services ...................................................................
Online Remote Diagnostics ....................................................................
Spare Parts ..............................................................................................
8-4
8-4
8-6
8-7
8-8
8.3.
Gas Turbine Maintenance .......................................................................
8-9
8.4.
Generator Maintenance ..........................................................................
8-17
8.5.
Service Requirements on Civil Engineering & Plant Layout ...............
8-18
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Section 8 Service Aspects
Page
8 -1
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Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
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Section 8 Service Aspects
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8 -2
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Service Aspects
Siemens as a Competitive Partner
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In today’s market, service means much more than replacing wear parts and on-call repair. It
involves increasingly complex tasks – such as plant improvement and modernization by advanced technology and plant extensions. For this reason, the partnership between power
plant owners / operators and service providers is being redefined.
Within the scope of individual long-term contracts, service providers are prepared to take
over more and more responsibility – not only for maintenance, but also for plant operation. At
Siemens, our service approach is to help the plant to remain or become more competitive in
today’s liberalized power industry market. Whether the customer needs spare parts supply,
inspection, field and shop repairs, continuous plant monitoring, modernization and upgrade,
full turnkey outage support or even power plant operation, Siemens has the qualified and
experienced personnel, worldwide fleet experience, OEM technique and OEM know-how to
meet current and future plant service needs.
The approach of any preventative maintenance program is to maximize the equipment’s potential for availability while minimizing the overall maintenance costs. With over 40 years of
experience and engineering excellence in gas turbines, steam turbines and generators, Siemens services are set up with this goal in mind.
Gas turbines require periodic maintenance during regular scheduled intervals in order to ensure their reliability and availability. Siemens service provides technical, logistic and financial
planning security that assists the customer in performing outages to meet these essential
requirements by focusing on testing and replacement of critical parts at intervals that are defined by the operation mode and -cycle of the power plant.
With high tech shop repair centers located in Germany, USA, China and Saudi Arabia, Siemens provides a close service network that is designed and capable to meet worldwide demand with highly sophisticated support for power plant maintenance, 24 hours a day, 365
days a year.
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Section 8.1. Competitive Partner
Page
8 -3
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Service Product Portfolio
Service Programs
Our Service Programs link performance with customer objectives, providing full scope outage
services as well as parts and repairs for scheduled and unscheduled maintenance. This performance-based contract approach provides incentives for both parties to benefit from ontime, high-quality maintenance, project management and advanced remote systems monitoring and diagnostics. A dedicated program manager is available to provide support; a responsible team of locally based district managers, home office personnel and factory-trained
technicians are available to support customers to reach their objectives.
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Typically, the following types of Service Programs are available within our flexible service
portfolio in order to meet customer requirements:
–
Operation & Maintenance (O&M)
–
Full Scope Maintenance Agreement (FSM)
–
Long Term Program (LTP)
With increasing scope and responsibilities on our side, we as Siemens are committed to improved performance to boost customer’s plant performance.
Operation and Maintenance (O&M)
This program covers all aspects of plant operation and maintenance, such as plant operation
itself, routine and planned maintenance of the power plant, long-term maintenance programs
for OEM equipment including remote monitoring.
This O&M program provides highest plant availabilities and lowest operating risk for the plant
owner. The duration of such an agreement depends on the customer requirements. Typically, such a contract lasts 12 years or longer
Full Scope Maintenance Services (FSM)
Full Scope Maintenance Services cover all personnel and parts needed for routine and
scheduled maintenance, including normal wear and tear, for defined plant scope and during
the term of the contract.
Siemens will develop and agree on an annual maintenance plan with the customer and provide the trained and experienced personnel to maintain the plant in compliance with applicable requirements. Siemens plant personnel will prepare and perform the routine and scheduled maintenance of the equipment, repair and replace parts. Siemens plant personnel will
also organize scheduled outage maintenance outside of the peak demand periods as far as
possible. Siemens will also coordinate and manage scheduled inspections or repairs. The
administration of subcontractor services as required for the facility is also part of the supplied
services.
The plant staff will purchase and maintain warehouse and office supplies in addition to the
materials and services necessary for the operation of the plant in accordance with the provisions of the FSM contract.
The Siemens FSM project manager will be the designated point of contact for the customer
and responsible for all customer demands and wishes during the term of the FSM contract.
Periodic status reports, including the schedules for major maintenance as mutually agreed
between customer and Siemens, are provided.
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Section 8.2.1.
9.2.1. Service Programs
Page
8
-4 -1
9.2.1.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Long Term Programs (LTP)
These contracts are managed programs for parts supply, parts repair, program management
and outage services for gas turbines, steam turbines and generators. The enhanced warranties e.g. Siemens Term Warranty within this service program will result in increased component availability. The duration of such an LTP agreement is typically 12 years or longer.
Benefits
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While each service agreement has its own advantages, a common benefit is increased plant
availability, proven by fleet statistic for gas turbine units, which will result in financial benefits
for the customer.
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Section 8.2.1.
9.2.1. Service Programs
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-5 -2
9.2.1.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Total Maintenance Services
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Total Maintenance Service (TMS) is a structured outage planning, implementation and lessons learned process that allows our customers to receive regular notifications of the latest
engine design improvements and upgrades as well as notices regarding inspection and
maintenance activities.
Pre-outage planning is a standard feature to ensure preparedness by identifying necessary
parts, modifications and upgrades that are available, new training programs, addressing customer questions and concerns, and making a comprehensive scope of recommendation. By
analyzing data and trends from the entire operating fleet, we can identify and prevent issues
before they may impact your plant performance. The constant flow of information and documented pre-outage planning initiatives allows our customers to be on a high information level
and prepared for a more efficient and timely outage that meets their targets in terms of unit
reliability, outage duration and operational as well as business plan.
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Section 8.2.2.
9.2.2. Total Maintenance Services
8 -6 -1
Page
9.2.2.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Online Remote Diagnostics
Remote online monitoring of power plant components via Siemens Power DiagnosticsTM Services is the key to mitigate plant and component risks within long-term service contracts.
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Based on Power DiagnosticsTM Centers in Germany and the US, Siemens provides global
service of online remote diagnostics. There are currently more than 330 heavy duty gas turbines, as well as heat recovery boilers, steam turbines and generators, being monitored on a
daily basis by these centers by Siemens experts to ensure the most trouble-free operation
possible. These experts are supported by advanced state of the art numeric diagnostic tools
running in the centers. In principle any power plant equipment can be added to this diagnostics scope in order to maximize the availability of the plant and keep performance on a high
level. To provide this remote service from the technical point of view only two requirements
are necessary:
–
A WIN_TS diagnostic system has to be installed at the plant and
–
A secure Siemens broadband connection to the diagnostics centers has to be established
(more details in chapter “Instrumentation & Control”).
Benefits
During plant operation, online remote diagnostics provide the following advantages:
–
Plants can be monitored effectively by Power DiagnosticsTM Centers, e.g. avoidance of
severe forced outages by early fault detection. Repair can be planned ahead, scheduled
for times when there is no high power demand or – even better - when a planned outage
is coming up.
–
Risk mitigation through specific service support for O&M and LTP during gas turbine life
cycle based on the plant’s actual operation data, e.g. outage planning by Siemens experts.
–
Detailed information on plant's history, long term trends.
–
Support of plant/component modernization and upgrade programs.
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Section 8.2.3.
9.2.3. Online Remote Diagnostics
8 -7 -1
Page
9.2.3.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Spare Parts
Siemens Energy has established a highly efficient Spare Parts Logistics system that helps to
operate power plants and equipment cost-efficiently. Unnecessarily warehousing of parts is
reduced for our customers to a far extend. A prior joint assessment considering the local
situation for spare parts stock and availability is recommended.
Stock-keeping: Spare parts available worldwide to meet your requirements
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Siemens main logistics centers are located in Germany and the USA, in close proximity to
and in constant contact with our corporate offices, help to ensure that the latest designs and
modifications are placed in the stock inventory.
The logistic centers are prepared to cover the common spares needs of SIEMENS' fleet,
however, instant availability of every possible component can be guaranteed with prior
agreement. For Gas Turbines especially casted parts, casing components, hot gas path
components, large components and all parts which are not exchanged as part of the scheduled outage activities usually have to be ordered in advance to be manufactured for customer's equipment. For Steam Turbines and Generators, most of the spare parts necessary
to open and close the unit are on stock. Other parts should be ordered in advance to be
manufactured for customer's equipment.
Service: Around the clock, around the globe
Siemens Spare Parts Logistics service is available for customers around the clock, via
phone, fax, email or other automated systems: 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, 365 days a
year. Processing of an order begins immediately, and we take care to find the most expeditious way to get the order to the customer. Wherever the equipment is located, we will guarantee that the required spare parts will reach their destination quickly, meeting countryspecific requirements and individual needs.
Our production facilities, where we permanently produce this type of gas turbines, also help
to create the opportunity to have complex parts within the production chain.
Before an order leaves the warehouse, the goods are carefully packaged in specialized containers. All required paperwork is completed, including customs declarations and order
documentation, before we hand over the shipment to one of our experienced and trusted
global logistics partners for transport.
From manufacture to packaging for delivery, extensive quality assurance checks are carried
out to ensure suitability and quality of each order. Each part carries a warranty, giving you
peace of mind.
Logistics: Getting your parts on their way, anywhere in the world
Through close proximity to major transport hubs in Europe and the USA, our warehouses
leverage ready access to major shipping channels (e.g. airfreight) to ensure experience and
efficient shipping anywhere in the world. With our Spare Parts Logistics we offer you the
easiest way to minimize downtime and costs, with the expertise only an OEM can provide.
When SIEMENS takes care about the spare parts, customers can focus on their core business of generating and selling power.
Siemens Energy Sector
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Section 8.2.4.
9.2.4. Spare Parts
Page
8
-8 -1
9.2.4.
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Gas Turbine Maintenance
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Maintenance-Friendly Gas Turbine Design
In today’s multifaceted service market the key to success is reliability and availability. Siemens accomplishes this by designing its products not only for maximum power output and
reliability but also for service maintainability. Siemens gas turbine technology requires minimized parts removal and replacement during the designed life of the engine. Siemens’ dedicated service engineers are continuously educated and trained in the latest technologies in
the service market. All technical data, worldwide inventory, repair status and resource management can be accessed remotely via our internal enterprise management system. Ordering new parts, repairs of parts and tracking status of such parts is instantaneous and processed in real time. Processes and procedures have been developed, streamlined and tested,
special tools continue to be developed or re-designed based on successful field service experiences.
The following refers to the SGT5-4000F gas turbine.
Types of Inspection
The following types of inspection should be performed:
–
Minor Inspection (MI)
–
Hot-Gas-Path Inspection (HGPI)
–
Extended Hot-Gas-Path Inspection (eHGPI)
–
Major Inspection/Overhaul (MO)
–
if applicable: Rotor and Casing Inspection and Evaluation (RCIE)
The respective typical intervals are dependent on the operating regime.
Maintenance Concepts
Siemens service program considers the different types of inspection as well as the necessary
sequence of each inspection. Every inspection type is determined on the basis of at least
one limit of outage criteria. The specified outage criteria are:
–
Equivalent Operating Hours (EOH), and
–
Number of Starts
or (optional concept)
–
Equivalent Base Hours (EBH), and
–
Equivalent Starts (ES), and
–
Equivalent Rotor Starts (ERS)
ERS: The effect of cyclic tear and wear caused by thermal loadings induced by startup sequences and trips is cumulative and is recorded as Equivalent Starts (ES). Loadings on most
of the rotor components (large forged components) differ from those of the other gas turbine
components. Rotor component service life is only affected by dynamic load changes associated with starts. Consequently, the rotor is provided with its own counter. These loadings are
recorded as Equivalent Rotor Starts (ERS).
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Section 8.3. Gas Turbine Maintenance
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Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Depending on the design of the Gas Turbine, evaluation of operating hours and service contract commitment of customer, service concepts may differ. The evaluation of operating
hours depends on operational conditions, specific design of Gas Turbine and service contract commitment of customer as well. The applicable sequence and the tailor-made evaluation of operating hours will be provided on a project specific request.
–
Standard: 25 MAC (HGPI at 25k EOH / 1000 starts) maintenance concept
–
Option: 25 BOX (HGPI at 25k EBH / 1000 equivalent starts) model. This model may be
favorable for the base load and intermediate-load operating regime.
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A typical inspection sequence is shown in the following tables. Inspections become necessary when hours or starts have been reached, whatever comes first.
25 MAC
MI
kEOHs
starts
∼8
MI
HGPI
MI
∼16
25
1000
∼33
---
MI
eHGPI
MI
MI
HGPI
MI
MI
∼41
50
2000
∼58
∼66
75
---
∼83
∼91
MI
MI
HGPI
MI
MI
∼58
∼66
2950
75
3200
∼83
∼91
3950
---
MO
+RCIE
100
3000
25 BOX Option
MI
kEBHs
ES
ERS
∼8
MI
HGPI
MI
MI
∼16
750
25
1000
∼33
∼41
1750
eHGPI
50
2200
---
MO
+RCIE
100
4400
3000
The following operating modes may require shorter inspection intervals and additional activities:
–
Liquid fuels with additives or fuels that exceed permissible particulate content
–
High number of starts in oil diffusion mode
Siemens can provide a specific set of extended maintenance and inspection intervals for
certain units based on fleet performance history , Siemens support in evaluation and/or execution of unit maintenance, application of condition-based maintenance of certain service
scope items, and/or future component upgrades. For details on these maintenance concepts
please consult your Siemens Service representative.
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Section 8.3. Gas Turbine Maintenance
Page
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Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Minor Inspection
Scope of Work
The Minor Inspection (MI) covers a large visual inspection of the regions of the machine that
are accessible without disassembly. The manholes in the intake structure, on the combustion
chambers and at the exhaust cylinder are opened for inspection purposes.
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Inspections are performed per inspection checklist and focus on the following items:
–
Compressor inlet, including intake structure
–
Combustion chamber, including heat shields and burners
–
First and last turbine stage
–
Exhaust cylinder liner and exhaust section.
In general, these activities include visual inspection of selected items, measurement of specific gaps/clearances and checking for loose or missing parts. This enables drawing conclusions on the overall condition of the machine.
MI does not require dismantling of the combustion chamber or time-consuming borescopic
examination. By virtue of the two-shell combustion chamber design, all combustor items that
line the hot gas path (for example heat shields) and the items used to attach them (bolts, in
certain cases also ceramic heat shield holders) are directly accessible for visual examination
during inspections.
As a rule, direct visual evaluation is considerably more reliable than exclusively borescopic
inspection. Borescopic inspection may prove useful as a supplementary measure in the case
of unusual events, for example foreign object impact damage. Accessible regions are available for such purposes. The mechanical design also includes ports for borescopic examination. Due to the fact, that the performance of borescopic inspection and interpretation of the
results require extensive expertise, it is advisable to call for the assistance of a Siemens inspector.
Which parts are to be checked and the measures to be taken in the event of negative findings are stipulated in the inspection checklist and remedial measures list that are part of the
product documentation package. Generally it is not necessary to replace hot gas path items
in the combustion chambers at regular intervals of MI during the course of inspections. If inspection findings indicate that replacement of these items is necessary, the engine design
permits their removal or repair without lifting off the GT casing.
The corresponding replacement parts packages include the parts required during operation
up to the major inspection (installation materials, ceramic heat shields, etc.), including those
parts installed during inspections. These packages are updated in line with inspection findings.
Obtaining meaningful results from visual inspections, replacement of combustion chamber
parts and achieving on-the-mark interpretation of observations require the comprehensive
knowledge and expertise of a skilled inspector. We therefore recommend that this portion of
inspection activities shall be performed by the manufacturer’s personnel.
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Section 8.3. Gas Turbine Maintenance
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Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Hot-Gas-Path Inspection
Scope of Work
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The Hot Gas Path Inspection (HGPI) includes the scope of a MI plus replacement of certain
hot gas path parts. This necessitates removal of the main casing in the region of the turbine
section as well as lifting off the upper sections of the turbine vane carriers, including roll-out
of the lower section. The compressor section is not opened and the rotor remains in the machine.
The hot gas path components of the gas turbine - in particular the turbine blades and vanes are designed for a limited service life. During the design, sufficient creep life of the blades
and vanes is achieved utilizing the mechanical design on the creep strength. Several rows of
airfoils have an additional protective system to safeguard them against hot corrosion and
oxidation. A protective system of this type of airfoil has a limited coating thickness and a limited reserve of protective elements.
A protective coating works as a sacrificial coating in order to protect the base material. It has
a considerably shorter service lifetime than the base material it protects and consequently
must be renewed at certain intervals. Turbine blades and vanes with deteriorated coatings
are removed during the HGPI and replaced by new or recoated blades and vanes; those
blades and vanes removed may be returned to service after recoating.
The turbine blades and vanes of Siemens gas turbines - as well as the other hot gas path
components - are made of high-strength superalloys. These components sustain different
loadings and have varying strengths while the gas turbine is in operation. Such components
thus exhibit very individual profiles in terms of loading and strength. By implementing comprehensive quality assurance measures such as non destructive evaluation (NDE) it is ensured that a safe and reliable operation will be possible until the next scheduled Hot Gas
Path Inspection.
At the HGPI it is required to check the hot components by means of NDE procedures and/or
to refurbish these components in order to enable ensured gas turbine operation to another
maintenance interval. However, due to the described individuality of the parts, it is to be assumed that a certain number of components cannot be further repaired. So there is a certain
scrap rate to be expected in the refurbishment of turbine blades and vanes. Since the turbine
blades and vanes are also only designed for a certain operating time, an exchange is required at certain intervals.
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Section 8.3. Gas Turbine Maintenance
Page
8 -12
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Extended-Scope Hot Gas Path Inspection
Scope of Work
The extended-scope Hot Gas Path Inspection (eHGPI) includes dismantling the combustion
chambers and opening the compressor as well as nondestructive examination and recoating
of coated compressor blading and the inspection of accessible components per checklist in
addition to the scope of the hot gas path inspection If necessary, the gas turbine rotor can be
removed from the engine, it is not unstacked, however. The following arguments support
performance of an eHGPI:
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Opening the casing and cleaning compressor blades and vanes as well as performing condition-based recoating or replacement of compressor blades and vanes constitute an opportunity to remove soiling residues during the eHGPI, thus improving the restoration of lost output
and efficiency.
This extended scope facilitates prompt response to MI findings (in particular wear); consequently the overall service life of numerous gas turbine components can be significantly extended. Subsequent maintenance measures are simplified as a consequence.
If planning is geared to systematic coordination of the various additional activities concurrently there is no need to substantially extend the overall outage time.
Major Inspection
Scope of Work
The Major Inspection/Overhaul (MO) includes dismantling of the machine, removal and destacking of the rotor, detailed visual inspections and non-destructive examinations as well as
scheduled and condition-based repair measures.
The scope of the MO includes the items of the regular HGPI. In addition, the compressor
section is opened and its blading subjected to non-destructive examination. Refurbishment of
the coated compressor blades and vanes is necessary at this time; i.e. removal of the upper
casing sections from the compressor is performed as a general rule.
Rotor and Casing Inspection and Evaluation (if applicable)
Destructive as well as non-destructive evaluation of the individual components is performed
to analyze whether these items can remain in service for a further 100kEOH/3000starts (25
BOX Option 100kEBH/4400ES/3000ERS) or a further inspection interval.
The process needs to be initiated before the last large inspection (HGPI, eHGPI or MO) in
order to ensure a Rotor and Casing Inspection and Evaluation (RCIE) resulting in high availability and reliability.
Under certain operating regimes an extension of the RCIE interval may be possible.
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Section 8.3. Gas Turbine Maintenance
Page
8 -13
Application Handbook
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Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
For destacking of the rotor, the turbine bearing housing (turbine exit casing) will be dismantled
Figure: Lifting of Rotor
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Section 8.3. Gas Turbine Maintenance
Page
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Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Figure: Upending of Rotor
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Section 8.3. Gas Turbine Maintenance
Page
8 -15
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Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Figure: Destacking of Rotor
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Section 8.3. Gas Turbine Maintenance
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Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Generator Maintenance
The electrical generator is very service-friendly and the recommended intervals for main inspections match those of the prime mover which is the gas turbine or the steam turbine.
As long as there are no findings during the robotic tool inspection, the rotor of the generator
will not be removed.
The service of the generator will always be done during the outages of the prime mover.
The following recommendations refer to the SGen5-2000H generator.
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Initial Inspection
The Initial Inspection is optionally to be performed latest before but also contemporary to the
end of warranty. The Initial Inspection usually has the same scope as a Medium Inspection.
Minor Inspection
–
No dismantling of the generator
–
Visual inspection of accessible components
–
Performing various electrical tests
Medium Inspection
–
Partial dismantling (opening of the bearings, etc.) without removing the rotor
–
Visual inspection of accessible components
–
Robotic inspection of the rotor
–
Performing various electrical tests
–
Functional tests in the systems
Major Inspection
–
Partial dismantling (opening of the bearings, etc.) without removing the rotor
–
Visual inspection of accessible components
–
Robotic inspection of the gap between stator and inductor
–
Robotic inspection of the stator core condition
–
NDE on rotor parts
–
Various mechanical tests
–
Performing various electrical tests
–
Functional tests in the systems
–
Inspection works on auxiliary systems
–
Replacement of labyrinth rings, gaskets and other parts.
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Section 8.4. Generator Maintenance
Page
8 -17
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Service Requirements on Civil Engineering & Plant Layout
On site service activities are always related to the actual site conditions. A properly equipped
power plant with turbine building, sufficient work space, storage areas, lifting equipment,
workshop capacity, infrastructure and well sorted inventory is a precondition for short downtimes and qualitative first class service. Every effort in the early project phases on maintenance-friendly plant layout and civil engineering is an investment which will pay for itself during plant life-cycle in terms of optimized maintenance activities, both in effort and duration.
Turbine Building
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A proper building for the turboset is essential for optimized maintenance activities. Without
building, work progress will be dependent on weather conditions, no guarantees can be given on outage durations!
Lifting Equipment in Turbine Building
An overhead crane with sufficient capacity to support / transport the heaviest turboset component to be disassembled during maintenance measures should be planned inside the turbine building.
In case of simple-cycle or multi-shaft configurations, the heaviest component to be lifted for
maintance activities is usually the gas turbine rotor. In order to turn large components, the
crane should be equipped with two hooks.
Areas which are not under the reach of an overhead crane have to be fitted with other lifting
equipment to handle heavy components. This is especially necessary for those components
which are regularly disassembled or exchanged during maintenance measures.
If there is no overhead crane available, all work steps have to be performed with mobile
cranes or other lifting equipment. In this case, the possibility to enter the turbine building with
mobile cranes and free access to the components has to be assured. Working with mobile
cranes will prolong the outage duration compared to working with an overhead crane and
bears higher risks of damaging components.
Site Workshop
A well-equipped plant workshop will not only support day-to-day maintenance during operation of the plant, but will be of great advantage during service measures.
A plant work shop should be equipped with standard machines and tools for usual mechanical work like workbenches, lathe, boring and milling machine, box column drill, grinder, TIG
welding equipment etc. A small crane facility may round up the equipment.
Compressed air and potable water and a large variety of hand tools and consumables should
also be available. The workshop should be accessible by fork-lift. A proposal for machining is
attached in Appendix “Package Layout”.
Site Storehouse
A permanent storehouse area (inside a building within the plant premises) is essential to
support day-to-day-maintenance and scheduled- and unscheduled inspections. The storage
capacities should be sufficient to handle component specific tools and devices (in customer’s
ownership) as well as spare parts & components, consumables etc. The storehouse should
be accessible by fork-lift. A proposal for equipment is attached in Appendix “Package Layout”.
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Section 8.5. Service Requirements on Civil Engineering &
Plant Layout
Page
8 -18
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Access to Turbine Building, Site Roads
–
Gateways have to be wide enough for entering the turbine building with a transport
equipment (e.g. low loader) carrying the largest / heaviest component to be disassembled
during outages.
–
Roads and ways inside and outside the turbine building have to be constructed in order
to support the heaviest components incl. transport vehicles
–
The curve radius of site roads has to be large enough to allow the rotor transport on a
trailer, if needed.
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created by patent grant or registration of a utility model or design patent are reserved.
Temporary Work- and Storage Areas Required for Maintenance Measures
During major maintenance activities on Gas Turbine and Generator, multiple areas for setting
up site infrastructure, for working on disassembled components and storage purposes are
needed. Depending on their purpose, different requirements to these areas apply.
All areas should be within the site premises (fenced, guarded if necessary) and accessible
with truck and/or fork lift.
For details on required temporary storage- and work areas refer to Appendix “Package Layout”.
Clearance for Generator Rotor Removal
In case of certain findings or faults, the rotor of the generator has to be pulled out of the stator. Suitable space to disassemble the rotor has to be planned.
Support for Upending Device
In some cases, it may be necessary to destack the GT rotor during major service activities
(e.g. during Major and Rotor Inspection). If this work scope can be carried out on site, high
expenditures for rotor transport to an external shop and linked time efforts can be avoided.
To destack the rotor, it has to be upended to vertical by means of an upending device. This
device has to be firmly boltet to a special base plate, which has to be grouted into the foundation. Therefore, a suitable (reinforced) foundation area should be planned at an appropriate place.
For optimization of outage time and costs, the base plate for the upending device should be
positioned inside the GT-building under the reach of an overhead travelling crane with sufficient capacity, so that the rotor can be placed into the upending device without any additional
means of transport. To upend and disassemble the rotor, the minimum hook height of the
overhead crane using a normal adapter or a special adapter is shown in figures chapter “Gas
Turbine Maintenance” before.
If the upending device cannot be placed inside the turbine building, an other suitable location
should be planned within the plant premises, e.g. inside an other building equipped with a
crane. In this case, suitable roads for the rotor transport facilities have to be available.
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Section 8.5. Service Requirements on Civil Engineering &
Plant Layout
Page
8 -19
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SGT5-PAC 4000F
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Section 8.5. Service Requirements on Civil Engineering &
Plant Layout
Page
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Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
9 Site-Related Services
Site-Related Services
9.1.
Erection and Commissioning Service (ECS) ........................................
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9
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Section 9 Site-Related Services
Page
9 -1
9-3
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Section 9 Site-Related Services
Page
9 -2
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Site-related Services
Erection and Commissioning Phase of the Equipment
Supplier’s scope of supply does not cover any erection and commissioning work. This work
shall be performed by the Purchaser who will receive technical support for the erection and
commissioning activities.
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thereof to others without express authorization are prohibited. Offenders will be held liable for payment of damages. All rights
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This technical support will be provided to the Purchaser from a Contractor qualified and approved by the Supplier under the terms and conditions of a separate contract. The Contractor’s services on site are limited to Supplier’s scope of supply.
The Performance Warranties given by Supplier are, among other things, subject to witness of
Hold Points by Contractor’s personnel during erection and commissioning phase, where the
performance of commissioning (TCS) as part of ECS supersedes the witness of Hold Points
during commissioning phase.
Scope/responsibilities of services can vary, as shown in the following DoR list with examples
for
Technical Field Assistance (TFA)
–
Technical advisory service during erection phase (TFA for erection)
–
Technical advisory service during commissioning phase (TFA for commissioning)
and
Erection and Commissioning Service (ECS)
–
Technical advisory service during erection phase (TFA for erection)
–
Performance of commissioning (Technical Commissioning Service (TCS) for commissioning)
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Section 9.1. Erection and Commissioning Service (ECS)
Page
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Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Division of Responsibilities during Erection and Commissioning
P = Purchaser / S = Supplier / Co = Contractor
Phase
Erection
Commissioning
Commissioning
TFA
TFA
TCS
Co
Co
Co
Deadlines, costs and safety
P
P
P
Quality
P
P
Co
Planning / supervisory monitoring / management of
work to be performed
P
P
Co
S to P,
P to Co
S to P,
P to Co
S to P,
P to Co
Performance of erection and pre-commissioning
activities including Provision of qualified personnel
P
----------
----------
Supply of aids for erection (tools, hoists and cranes,
instruments, consumables, welding materials and
small construction hardware, etc.)
P
----------
----------
Performance of cleaning including provision of qualified personnel
P
----------
----------
Supply of aids for pre-commissioning (tools and
instruments)
P
----------
----------
Co
----------
----------
Supply of aids for commissioning (tools and instruments)
----------
P
P / option S
Provision of qualified fitters as required by ECS
contractor to support ECS contractor
----------
---
P
Performance of system control checks including
provision of qualified personnel
----------
P
P common
with Co
P
Co
P
P / option Co
Type of Service
General
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Provision of TFA / TCS service
Provision of work execution documents (erection
and commissioning manuals)
Erection and Pre-Commissioning
Witness of hold points as per erection manual
Commissioning
Test of sensors / transducers / signals, commissioning of branch circuits
----------
Provision of qualified field commissioning personnel
Witness of hold points as per commissioning manual
----------
Co
----------
Performance of cold and hot commissioning and
optimization of load operation including provision of
qualified personnel
----------
P
Co
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Section 9.1. Erection and Commissioning Service (ECS)
Page
9 -4
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
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created by patent grant or registration of a utility model or design patent are reserved.
10 Standards, Codes and Regulations
10
Standards, Codes and Regulations
10.1.
General .....................................................................................................
10-3
10.2.
Product Safety .........................................................................................
10-4
10.3.
Gas Turbine and Auxiliaries ...................................................................
10-5
10.4.
Gas Turbine Systems ..............................................................................
10-6
10.5.
Generator and Auxiliaries .......................................................................
10-8
10.6.
Electrical Equipment ...............................................................................
10-9
10.7.
Control System ........................................................................................
10-12
10.8.
Identification System for Power Plants .................................................
10-13
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Section 10 Standards, Codes and Regulations
Page
10 -1
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SGT5-PAC 4000F
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Section 10 Standards, Codes and Regulations
Page
10 -2
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Standards, Codes and Regulations
General
The standards, codes and regulations discussed in this section serve as the base for the
technical realization of the systems and components as part of this offer.
Except if stated otherwise, the latest applicable edition at the time of contract award of the
standards, codes, regulations, guidelines and recommendations have been complied with.
In the event of a conflict between the listed standards, codes, guidelines and internal procedures the latter shall take precedence.
Transmittal, reproduction, dissemination and/or editing of this document as well as utilization of its contents and communication
thereof to others without express authorization are prohibited. Offenders will be held liable for payment of damages. All rights
created by patent grant or registration of a utility model or design patent are reserved.
For equipment delivered by local subcontractors, local standards and codes shall apply.
Technical rules are not only the world-wide well known and recognized DIN standards, but
also documents published by other private-sector regulatory bodies and those legally binding
provisions (laws, regulations, etc.) that contain technical specifications.
The more important organizations that influence the standard works regarding the systems
and components as part of this proposal are listed below:
–
American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
–
American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
–
American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM)
–
European Standards (EN)
–
German Institute for Standardization (DIN)
–
German Pressure Vessel Code (AD)
–
German ‘Verein Deutscher Ingenieure’ (VDI)
–
German ‘Verband der Elektrotechnik Elektronik Informationstechnik’ (VDE)
–
Heat Exchanger Institute (HEI)
–
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
–
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)
–
International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
–
National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)
–
Occupational Safety & Health Association (OSHA)
Please note that Supplier’s Scope (e.g. gas turbines, generators and their auxiliary systems)
is highly standardized equipment. Local and project specific standards, codes and regulations are in general not considered. In the event mandatory local codes or standards in the
country where the Project is located stipulate more stringent requirements with regard to
Supplier’s scope than the engineering standards and codes listed here, Purchaser shall inform the Supplier accordingly and the Purchaser shall issue a variation order based on Supplier's quotation for implementation of such more stringent requirements in accordance with
the Contract.
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Section 10.1. General
Page
10 -3
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Product Safety
Product safety is a key quality factor. Products placed by Siemens on the market are always
developed and manufactured such that they are safe. This means that they must not cause
any risk to life, health or property above the tolerable, acceptable level. The same requirement applies analogously to product-related services that could have an impact on the safety
of products.
As a general rule, products are safe in accordance with the current state of the art and seek
to achieve the current state of science and technology. This involves ensuring compliance
with rules and regulations for safe design.
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thereof to others without express authorization are prohibited. Offenders will be held liable for payment of damages. All rights
created by patent grant or registration of a utility model or design patent are reserved.
The measures necessary to achieve it are incorporated into the QM rules of the Siemens
Energy Sector.
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Section 10.2. Product Safety
Page
10 -4
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Gas Turbine and Auxiliaries
Design, engineering, manufacturing and testing of the gas turbine and its related auxiliaries
and systems shall be based on the standards, codes and regulations as applicable for the
respective Siemens’ manufacturing facility, licensee or qualified subcontractor.
In addition to the respective codes and standards issued by the organizations and associations for the considered equipment, Siemens has developed own codes and standards like
most of the other turbine-generator manufacturers, which will be applied for this project.
Transmittal, reproduction, dissemination and/or editing of this document as well as utilization of its contents and communication
thereof to others without express authorization are prohibited. Offenders will be held liable for payment of damages. All rights
created by patent grant or registration of a utility model or design patent are reserved.
Siemens’ internal standards are based on the applicable sections of the most significant international codes and standards, especially on DIN, EN, ISO and IEC codes and standards
and under consideration of VGB and other guidelines.
Based upon extensive research and development Siemens has added special knowledge
and test results along with substantial experience in design, engineering and manufacturing
to provide a product of highest safety, quality, efficiency and an extended lifecycle.
In general the work will comply with the Siemens standards, which meet the intent of the applicable industrial codes and standards. If there are conflicting stipulations between the
above listed standards and codes and Siemens internal standards, directives and guide lines
than the latter shall have precedence.
Especially the following standards, codes, regulations, guidelines and recommendations
have been used for this project:
Number
Title
ISO 7919-1
Mechanical vibration of non-reciprocating machines – Measurements on rotating shafts
and evaluation criteria – Part 1: General guidelines
Mechanical vibration – Evaluation of machine vibration by measurements on rotating
shafts – Part 4: Gas turbine sets with fluid-film bearings
Mechanical vibration – Evaluation of machine vibration by measurements on nonrotating parts – Part 1: General guidelines
Mechanical vibration – Evaluation of machine vibration by measurements on nonrotating parts – Part 4: Gas turbine sets with fluid-film bearings
ISO 7919-4
ISO 10816-1
ISO 10816-4
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Section 10.3. Gas Turbine and Auxiliaries
Page
10 -5
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Gas Turbine Systems
Air Intake System, Exhaust Gas System, Enclosures, Cooling Systems
The design, engineering, manufacturing and testing of the air intake system, exhaust gas
system, enclosures and cooling systems (if provided) are based on the applicable sections of
German standards like DIN and VDI/VDE guidelines.
Where the German standards do not contain sufficient definitions, other standards as e.g.
EN, ASME or British standard will be applied.
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thereof to others without express authorization are prohibited. Offenders will be held liable for payment of damages. All rights
created by patent grant or registration of a utility model or design patent are reserved.
For equipment supplied by manufacturers outside of Germany, local standards can be applied if equivalent to German standards.
Fire Protection
The fire protection and fire extinguishing measures are defined in accordance with the codes
and standards specified by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) and other international regulations and standards.
Number
Title
NFPA 850
Recommended Practice for Fire Protection for Electric Generating Plants and High
Voltage Direct Current Converter Stations
Gas Turbine Applications – Safety
Guideline “Fire Protection in Power Plants”
Guideline “Monitoring and Control of Gas Turbine Power Plants”
ISO 21789
VGB R108
VGB R121M
In particular, NFPA 850 is considered as a general accepted guideline. The NFPA recommendations are implemented to a substantial extent however not completely.
The adequate fire protection measures will be applied on basis of engineering evaluation of
the specific risk.
In addition, ISO 21789 is considered, since this international standard describes the state of
the art. Furthermore, VGB R108 and VGB R121M are born in mind for definition of the specific fire protection measures
Gas Detection System
The following codes and standards will be considered for the gas detection system:
Number
Title
IEC 60079
Electrical apparatus for explosive gas atmospheres,
Part 29-2 Gastetectors
Gas Turbine Applications – Safety
ISO 21789
Explosion Protection Measures
Various standards and regulations have to be considered for explosion protection measures.
The design and construction of equipment is based on German standards and regulations.
Where these design regulations include information on explosion protection measures the
explosion protection concept is based on these standards.
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Section 10.4. Gas Turbine Systems
Page
10 -6
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
The following standards and regulations are regularly considered for explosion protection
measures:
Number
Title
API RP 500/505
Recommended practice for classification of locations for electrical installations at petroleum facilities
Electrical apparatus for explosive gas atmospheres,
Part 10: Classification of hazardous areas,
Part 11: Electrical apparates for explosive gas atmospheres,
Part 14: Electrical installations in hazardous areas (other than mines),
Part 15: Construction, test and marking of type of protection “n” electrical apparatus
Area classification code for petroleum installations
Safety requirements for secondary batteries and battery installations – Part 2
Recommendations for the improvement of H2 safety in hydrogen-cooled generators
Rotating electrical machines – Part 3: Specific requirements for cylindrical rotor synchronous machines
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IEC 60079
IP part 15
EN 50272-2
VGB-R165
IEC 60034-3
Noise Protection Measures
Planning and design for noise abatement measures to meet the required noise levels are
based on the following guidelines:
Number
Title
ISO 9613-2:1996
Acoustics – Attenuation of sound during propagation outdoors, Part 2: General method
of calculation
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Section 10.4. Gas Turbine Systems
Page
10 -7
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Generator and Auxiliaries
Design, engineering, manufacturing and testing of the generator and its related auxiliary systems (if applicable for the offered generator type) shall be based on the standards, codes
and regulations as applicable for the respective Siemens’ manufacturing facility, licensee or
qualified subcontractor.
In addition to the respective codes and standards issued by the organizations and associations for the considered equipment, Siemens has developed own codes and standards like
most of the other turbine-generator manufacturers, which will be applied for this project.
Transmittal, reproduction, dissemination and/or editing of this document as well as utilization of its contents and communication
thereof to others without express authorization are prohibited. Offenders will be held liable for payment of damages. All rights
created by patent grant or registration of a utility model or design patent are reserved.
Siemens’ internal standards are based on the applicable sections of the most significant international codes and standards.
Based upon extensive research and development Siemens has added special knowledge
and test results along with substantial experience in design, engineering and manufacturing
to provide a product of highest safety, quality, efficiency and an extended lifecycle.
In general the work will comply with the Siemens standards, which meet the intent of the applicable industrial codes and standards. If there are conflicting stipulations between the below listed standards and codes and Siemens internal standards, directives and guide lines
than the latter shall have precedence.
Especially the following standards, codes, regulations, guidelines and recommendations
have been used for this project:
Number
Title
ISO 7919-1
Mechanical vibration of non-reciprocating machines – Measurements on rotating shafts
and evaluation criteria – Part 1: General guidelines
Mechanical vibration – Evaluation of machine vibration by measurements on rotating
shafts – Part 2: Land-based steam turbines and generators in excess of 50 MW
Mechanical vibration – Evaluation of machine vibration by measurements on nonrotating parts – Part 1: General guidelines
Mechanical vibration – Evaluation of machine vibration by measurements on nonrotating parts – Part 2: Land-based steam turbines and generators in excess of 50 MW
Rotating electrical machines
Measurement of noise emitted by machines; airborne noise emission; enveloping
surface method; basic method, divided into 3 grades of accuracy
ISO 7919-2
ISO 10816-1
ISO 10816-2
IEC 60034
DIN 45635-1
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Section 10.5. Generator and Auxiliaries
Page
10 -8
Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Electrical Equipment
If not otherwise stated in this offer, the design, installation and testing of the electrical systems and components will conform to applicable sections of the IEC/VDE and DIN codes and
standards. The following list is a selection of the most commonly used regulations.
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thereof to others without express authorization are prohibited. Offenders will be held liable for payment of damages. All rights
created by patent grant or registration of a utility model or design patent are reserved.
General
Number
Title
EN ISO 12100-1
VDE 0024
Safety of machinery, basic concepts, general principles for design
Statute for testing and certification system of the VDE Association for Electrical, Electronic & Information Technologies
Erection of power installation with rated voltages below 1000V
Erections of power installation with rated voltage exceeding 1kV
Emergency escape lighting systems
Insulation co-ordination
Safety of machinery – Electrical equipment of machines – Part 1: General requirements
Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP-Code)
Graphical symbols for diagrams
Insulation coordination for equipment within low voltage systems
Short-circuit currents - calculation of effects
Short-circuit current calculation in three-phase A.C. systems
Methods of measurement of touch current and protective conductor current
Protection against electric shock - Common aspects for installation and equipment
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 2-4: Environment; Compatibility levels in
industrial plants for low-frequency conducted disturbances
DIN VDE 0100
DIN VDE 0101
DIN V VDE V 0108-100
IEC 60071
IEC 60204-1
IEC 60529
IEC 60617
IEC 60664
IEC 60865
IEC 60909
IEC 60990
IEC 61140
IEC 61000-2-4
Transformers
Number
Title
IEC 60076
IEC 60137
IEC 60076-11
IEC 61378-1
IEC 60044
Power transformers
Insulated bushings for alternating voltages above 1000 V
Power transformers – Part 11: Dry-type transformers
Converter transformers – Part 1: Industrial applications
Instrument transformers
Low Voltage Switchgear
Number
Title
IEC 61439-1
IEC 61439-2
Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies – Part 1: General rules
Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies – Part 2: Power switchgear and
contolgear assemblies
Low voltage switchgear (contactors, circuit breakers)
Low-voltage switchgear and control gear assemblies – Protection against electric
shock
Enclosed low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies – Guide for testing under
conditions of arcing due to internal fault
IEC 60947
DIN EN 50274
IEC/TR 61641
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Section 10.6. Electrical Equipment
Page
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Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Battery, Charger, DC/DC Converter, Inverter
Number
Title
IEC 60146
IEC 60896-11
Semiconductor converters
Stationary lead-acid batteries – Vented types – General requirements and methods of
tests
Safety requirements for secondary batteries and battery installation – Part 2: Stationary batteries
Static power converters; semiconductor rectifier equipment with IU-Characteristics for
charging of lead-acid batteries, guidelines
Electromagentic compatibility (EMC) – Part 6-2: Generic Standards – Immunity for industrial environments
Electromagentic compatibility (EMC) – Part 6-4: Generic Standards – Emission standard for industrial environments
Information technology equipment – Radio disturbance characteristics – limits and
methods of measurement
Uninterruptible power systems (UPS) – Part 2: Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)
requirements
EN 50272-2
DIN 41773
EN 61000-6-2
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EN 61000-6-4
EN 55022
DIN EN 62040-2
Earthing and Lightning Protection
Number
Title
IEC 60364
IEC 62305-1
IEC 62305-2
IEC 62305-3
IEC 62305-4
IEC 61936-1
DIN EN 50164-1
Erection of power installations with rated voltages below 1000 V
Protection against lightning – Part 1: General principles
Protection against lightning – Part 2: Risk management
Protection against lightning – Part 3: Physikal damage to structures and life hazard
Protection against lightning – Part 4: Electrical and electronic systems within sturctures
Power installations exceeding 1kV a.c.
Lightning protection components – Part 1: Requirements for connection components
Protection, Synchronization, Metering and Measuring
Number
Title
IEC 60255
IEC 60688
Measuring relays and protection equipment
Electrical measuring transducers for converting a.c. and d.c. electrical quantities to analogue or digital signals
Cabling
Number
Title
IEC 60364-5-52
Low-voltage electrical installations – Selection and erection of electrical equipment –
Wiring systems
Conductors of insulated cables
Tests on electric cables under fire conditions / Tests for vertical flame spread of vertically-mounted bunched wires or cables – Category C
Power cables with extruded insulation and their accessories for rated voltages from
1kV to 30kV
Power cables with extruded insulation and their accessories for rated voltages up to
1kV
Common test methods for insulating and sheathing materials of electric cables
Application of cables and flexible cords in power installations
IEC 60228
IEC 60332-3-24
IEC 60502-1
IEC 60502-2
IEC 60811
VDE 0298
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Section 10.6. Electrical Equipment
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Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Number
Title
DIN VDE 0100-430
Erection of power installations with nominal voltages up to 1000 V; protective measures; protection of cable and cords against overcurrent
Motors
Title
IEC 60034-1
Rotating electrical machine, rating and performance
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Number
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Section 10.6. Electrical Equipment
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Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Instrumentation and Control
Design, engineering, manufacturing and testing of the turbine-package related instrumentation and control system is based on applicable sections of German and European standards
like DIN, VDE, EN and IEC.
Due to the fact, that instrumentation and control system components are highly standardized
and pre-fabricated, special codes and standards can be complied with, if they are equivalent
to the applied German and European codes and standards.
In particular, the following codes and standards have been considered:
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created by patent grant or registration of a utility model or design patent are reserved.
Safety Standards
Number
Title
IEC 61508,
IEC 61511
VGB 121 M GT
TRD 411 / 412
EN 50156
DIN EN 60204
Functional safety - Safety-related systems
Guideline for supervision-, limiting- and protection devices on GT-systems
Technical rules for gas/steam generators
Electrical equipment for furnaces
Safety of machinery-electrical equipment of machines
Electromagnetic Compatibility
Number
Title
EN 55011
Limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbance characteristics of industrial,
scientific and medical (ISM) radio-frequency equipment
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)
IEC 61000
Hazardous Area Compatibility
Number
Title
IEC 60079
Explosive atmospheres
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Section 10.7. Control System
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SGT5-PAC 4000F
Identification System for Power Plants
The identification system used by Siemens for power plants is the so-called KKS-System (in
German: Kraftwerk-Kennzeichen-System) for the functional identification and codification of
mechanical, electrical and I&C systems, sub-systems, equipment units and components as
well as for structures.
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thereof to others without express authorization are prohibited. Offenders will be held liable for payment of damages. All rights
created by patent grant or registration of a utility model or design patent are reserved.
The system is usable for the whole plant lifetime from the conceptual phase up to operation
and maintenance. It has been applied on various types of power plants including nuclear
power plants.
The KKS-System is not only a Siemens system, it is a de facto German standard based on
the German VGB (Technische Vereinigung der Großkraftwerksbetreiber – Technical Association of Large Power Plant Operators) – committee where suppliers of power plants, utilities and authority organizations defined this system together. It is also introduced to a joint
working group of ISO/IEC and to the European standardization work.
The first application of the KKS-System has been made in 1975 on the nuclear power plant
Philippsburg 2. Now, the 4th VGB edition is available since 1991 including documentation,
training and application support.
The KKS system is used for power pants worldwide. Some of the members of this VGBcommittee are:
–
Utilities in Germany:
RWE, VEAG, RMD …
–
Utilities abroad:
ESCOM, EPZ, Donaukraft …
–
Suppliers:
AAP, Siemens …
The requirements for a uniform and standardized plant identification and codification system
are the following:
–
Uniform identification for all the types of power stations and any connected processes
–
Sufficient capacity and detail for identification of all systems components and structures
–
Sufficient capacity for extension to accommodate new technologies
–
Consistent identification for planning, licensing, construction, operation, maintenance and
waste management
–
Consideration of national and international standards
–
Application in computer processing
–
Offer a common functional breakdown structure to integrate the various engineering disciplines/partners by a common language and grammar during all engineering phases
–
Provide a universal communication code between the various engineering disciplines,
partners, subcontractors and operators
–
Support equipment management by separating functional (hardware independent) and
equipment (hardware specific) coding
–
Provide applicability during the whole plant lifetime
–
Save costs and time during project handling
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Section 10.8. Identification System for Power Plants
Page
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Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
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thereof to others without express authorization are prohibited. Offenders will be held liable for payment of damages. All rights
created by patent grant or registration of a utility model or design patent are reserved.
To fulfill the above mentioned requirements, the KKS-System has the following features:
–
Hierarchically structured format with up to four (4) breakdown levels and fixed alphanumeric data characters
–
Separate identification methods with engineering discipline-specific rules by means of a
uniform code format for the three types of identification:
–
Process-related identification
–
Point of installation identification
–
Location identification
Several "Breakdown Levels" exist in the KKS-System for the definite classification and identification. In this technical proposal only "Breakdown Level 1 (Function Key)" is used. The code letters of the main groups are coordinated with the corresponding power plant systems as
follows (extract):
B
Power transmission and auxiliary power supply
C
Instrumentation and control equipment
E
Conventional fuel supply and residues disposal
G
Water supply and disposal
H
Conventional heat generation
L
Steam-, water-, gas-cycles
M
Main machine sets (e. g. steam turbine)
P
Cooling water systems
Q
Auxiliary systems (e. g. sampling system)
S
Ancillary systems (e. g. cranes and hoists)
U
Structures (buildings)
This tender is based on the application of the above mentioned "KKS-System". The application is an essential requirement, because this identification and codification system for plant
items forms an integrated part of our project processing procedure (i.e. system engineering,
especially in I&C and electrical field, flow and other diagrams, product and operation manuals, spare part catalogues etc.). The KKS coding will be used according to manufacturers'
practice.
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Section 10.8. Identification System for Power Plants
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Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
11 Quality and Environmental Management
Quality and Environmental Management
11.1.
Integrated Management System Quality, Health, Safety and
Environmental Affairs .............................................................................
11-3
11.2.
External certificates to Quality Management and Environmental
Management ............................................................................................
11-6
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11
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Section 11 Quality and Environmental Management
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Gas Turbine Package
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Integrated Management System
General
The aim of the Integrated Management System (IMS), which includes quality, environmental,
health and safety topics, is fulfilling Purchaser’s requirements, regulations, and providing
health and safety for our employees as well as technical and environmental protection.
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thereof to others without express authorization are prohibited. Offenders will be held liable for payment of damages. All rights
created by patent grant or registration of a utility model or design patent are reserved.
The IMS complies with the following standards and guidelines:
–
Quality management system according to ISO 9001
–
Environmental management system according to ISO 14001
–
Occupational health and safety management system according to OHSAS 18001
The IMS involves multiple processes. These processes ensure that Supplier’s products, solutions and services fulfill the requirements of all those involved, particularly the purchasers.
The processes unfold into three, closely interrelated process levels that are intermeshed with
one another:
–
Management processes
–
Business processes
–
Support processes
The efficiency and effectiveness of the core processes are secured by consequentially applying process management. Implemented milestones ensure that the process results fulfill the
requirements of the purchasers over time. If there are deviations, criteria exist to avoid improper use of defective products or services. Furthermore, additional elements of quality assurance are integrated into the processes, as well as environmental, health, and safety management practices.
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Section 11.1. Integrated Management System Quality,
Health, Safety and Environmental Affairs
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Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Quality Assurance
Quality Assurance for Core Components
The testing procedures for the gas turbine, as well as for the generator are documented in
quality assurance specifications (for examples refer to the section “Appendix QA Procedures
of Major Components”). The inspection and tests described therein may be subject to
changes due to continuous quality improvement efforts.
Witness points
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If contractual agreed the Purchaser will be invited to the following witness tests:
–
Gas turbine:
Final balancing test
Verification of final rotor alignment on the closed gas turbine
–
Generator:
Balance and overspeed test
Final test
Not later than ten (10) calendar days in advance Supplier will notify purchaser preliminary by
e-mail or registered mail about time and place of execution of respective witness test. Date
will be confirmed to the purchaser by e-mail three (3) calendar days prior to the test.
In the case that the Purchaser does not attend an agreed witness test, the corresponding
test will nevertheless be executed in accordance with the related quality assurance specification. Should the test provide results which are in conformity with the applicable specification,
the witness test is deemed to be achieved. Where established in the quality assurance specification, the test is confirmed with a record or certificate in the quality documentation.
In case of variations to the standard schedule, the witness test may be not performed on
Purchaser’s gas / steam turbine or generator but the results of the executed test may be presented and explained to the purchaser during a factory visit, in order to avoid interruptions in
component manufacturing and the manufacturing process as a whole.
Any additions to Supplier’s standard scope of the quality assurance specifications, as well as
Purchaser’s participation on further inspections or tests, have to be mutually agreed upon
before contract signature. Purchaser’s project specific quality assurance specifications for
the order will be revised to reflect any changes to the standard specifications.
Hold points may interrupt the overall manufacturing process and hence are generally not
acceptable.
Quality Assurance for Procured Products
When procuring products, released specifications and other technical documents are issued
to qualified sub-suppliers. Depending on the type of product and sub-supplier, an assessment of the certified quality management system or a sub-supplier audit will be applied.
The sub-suppliers are rated and listed within an internal sub-supplier database. Supplier reviews the inspection and testplans (ITPs) from the sub-supplier.
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Section 11.1. Integrated Management System Quality,
Health, Safety and Environmental Affairs
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Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Documentation for Quality Assurance
All project specific records and certificates regarding testing are documented in the quality
assurance specifications. For more information regarding quality documentation, kindly refer
to the section “Documentation”.
Health, Safety and Environmental Affairs
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As early as the planning phase, Siemens Energy assesses and considers the impact which
its products and services will have on people and the environment. In this process, we take
the entire life cycle of the products into consideration.
Siemens Energy devotes particular attention to the promotion of the health of employees, the
prevention of accidents, particularly on our construction sites and in our factories as well as
to the process and product related resource efficiency.
Siemens Energy also attempts to minimize the environmental impact of our manufacturing
and our products and consider feedback from interested parties.
To ensure the correct implementation of quality, environmental, health and safety issues, a
Quality Manager in Project (QMIP) is nominated in the project. His tasks and duties are described in section “Project Management”.
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Section 11.1. Integrated Management System Quality,
Health, Safety and Environmental Affairs
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Gas Turbine Package
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thereof to others without express authorization are prohibited. Offenders will be held liable for payment of damages. All rights
created by patent grant or registration of a utility model or design patent are reserved.
Certificate No.:
132781-2013-AHSO-GER-DAkkS
Initial date:
01.09.2010
Valid:
BS OHSAS 18001: 01.09.2016 - 31.08.2019
ISO 9001+14001: 01.09.2016 – 14.09.2018
This is to certify that the management system of
Siemens AG
Power and Gas Division
Freyeslebenstr. 1, 91058 Erlangen - Germany
and the sites and affiliated companies as mentioned in the appendix accompanying
this certificate
has been found to conform to management system standards:
ISO 9001:2008
ISO 14001:2004
BS OHSAS 18001:2007
This certificate is valid for the following scope:
Sales, Marketing, Design, Engineering, Manufacture, Installation,
Commissioning & Service of Power Generation and Rotating Equipment,
Steam Turbines, Gas Turbines, Generators, Gasification Systems ,Turbo
compressors, Instrumentation & Controls, Telecommunication, Supply of
Power Plant Equipment and Turnkey Projects, Project Management,
Consulting, Services and Training.
Place and date
Essen, 22.08.2016
For the Accredited Unit:
DNV GL Business Assurance Zertifizierung
und Umweltgutachter GmbH
______________________________________________________________________________
_______________
_________________________________________
_____
___
___
Tho
Thomas
h mas
s Beck
Technical Manager
This certificate replaces the issue of 05.10.2015.
Lack of fulfilment of conditions as set out in the Certification Agreement may render this Certificate invalid.
ACCREDITED UNIT: DNV GL Business Assurance Zertifizierung und Umweltgutachter GmbH, Schnieringshof 14, 45329 Essen, Germany.
Tel.: +49 201 7296 222. www.dnvgl.de/assurance
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Section 11.2. External certificates to Quality Management
and Environmental Management
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Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
12 Abbreviations
Abbreviations
12.1.
Abbreviations ..........................................................................................
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12
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12-3
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Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Abbreviations: (not all may be used in this handbook)
1S
Single-Shaft
I/O
AC
ACCS
Alternating Current
Advanced Compressor Cleaning
System
Auftragskennzeichen
American National Standards Institute
American Society of Mechanical
Engineers
American Society of Testing and
Materials
KKS
Kraftwerk-Kennzeichen-System
(power plant identification system)
LHV
LTP
LV
Lower Heating Value
Long Term Program
Low Voltage
MCB
MS
MV
Motor Circuit Breakers
Multi Shaft
Medium Voltage
CCPP
Combined-Cycle Power Plant
DC
DCS
DIN
DP
Direct Current
Distributed Control System
German Institute for Standardization
Decentralized Peripherals
OAC
OEM
OLE
O&M
OPC
OSI
OTC
EN
EPC
European Norm
Equipment-ProcurementConstruction
Open Air Cooled (Generator)
Original Equipment Manufacturer
Object Linking and Embedding
Operation & Maintenance
OLE for Process Control
Open Systems Interconnection
Calculated turbine outlet temperature
PCC
Power Control Center
FG
FO
Fuel Gas
Fuel Oil
SEE
SFC
Static Excitation Equipment
Starting Frequency Converter
Geno
GT
GTPP
Electrical Generator
Gas Turbine
Simple-Cycle Gas Turbine Power
Plant
TCP/IP
Transmission Control Protocol /
Internet Protocol
Totally Enclosed Water-to-Air
Cooled (Generator)
H2
HCO
HRSG
HV
HVAC
Hydrogen
Hydraulic Clearance Optimization
Heat-Recovery Steam-Generator
High Voltage
Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning
UPS
Uninterruptible Power Supply
VDE
I&C
IEC
Instrumentation and Control
International Electrotechnical Commission
Inlet Guide Vane
VGB
Verband der Elektrotechnik,
Elektronik und Informationstechnik
Verein Deutscher Ingenieure
(association of German engineers)
technische Vereinigung der
Großkraftwerksbetreiber (technical
association of large power plant
operators)
AKZ
ANSI
ASME
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ASTM
IGV
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TEWAC
VDI
Input/Output
Section 12.1. Abbreviations
Page
12 -3
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Application Handbook
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13 Conversion of Units
Conversion of Units
13.1.
Conversion of Units ................................................................................
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13
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Application Handbook
Gas Turbine Package
SGT5-PAC 4000F
Conversion of Units
1 in. = 2.54 cm
1 ft. = 0.3048 m
1 mile = 1609.344 m = 5280 ft
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1 acre = 4046.86 m2 = 43560 ft2
1 m2 = 10.7639 ft2 = 1.19599 yd2
1 US gal = 231.001 in3 = 0.0037854 m3
1 m3 = 35.3 ft3
1 lb. = 0.453592 kg
1 US gal water = 8.34 lb
1 US gal No. 2 distillate = 7.24 lb (approximately)
1 kg/cm2 = 2048.155 lb/ft2 = 14.2233 lb/in2
1 mmHg = 0.00132 atm
1 mmHg = 0.53533 in. H2O
1 in. H2O = 0.00254 kg/cm2
1 atm = 14.696 psia (ISO)
1 lb/in2 = 0.068983 bar
1 std. atm = 1.0138 bar
1 lb/hr = 0.000126 kg/sec
1 gal/hr = 3.785 l/hr
1 gal/min = 0.2272 m3/hr = 500.4 lb/hr (water)
1 liter/sec = 2.119 ft 3/min
1 kWh = 3412.14 Btu = 3600 kJ = 859.845 kcal = 1.34102 hp
1 ft-lb = 0.001286 Btu
1 Btu/hr = 0.000293 kW
1 Btu/kWh = 1.0551 kJ/kWh
1 hp = 0.746 kW
1 hp-hr = 641.187 kcal
1 kcal = 3.96832 Btu
1 ft-lb/s = 4.6302 Btu/hr = 0.001818 hp
1 kcal/kWh = 3.9683 Btu/kWh = 4.1868 kJ/kWh
Degree F = 9/5 (C) + 32
Degree C = 5/9 (F - 32)
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