Activity 1. Hear Me
Instructions: Listen to Magtanim ay Di Biro
Answer the following simple questions.
1. Are the lyrics in Filipino?
2. Is the concept of the music based on
nature or people’s work?
3. Does the song give you a playful
mood?
Music of Luzon
(Lowlands)
Teacher Pam
Contents:
01. Secular Music
02. Liturgy and Devotional Music
03. Musical Instruments from the
Lowland
04. Hornbostel-Sachs Classification
of Musical Instruments
01. Secular Music
•refers to any music that is not
religious in nature.
Such as:
 Folksongs
 Harana
 Kundiman
 Folksongs
• are songs written by the folk and are
sung while doing daily activities such
as farming, fishing, and putting the
baby to sleep.
Characteristics of folk songs are as follows:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Originally passed down orally to the family and to the other members of the community.
Learned through rote or listening.
Sung in his/her own dialect.
Begins in one key and ends in the same key.
Composers and lyricists are usually unknown.
Mood can be sentimental, playful, and humorous.
Concepts are based on nature or people’s work, tradition, and culture.
Short and Simple
9. Either in
,
,
time signatures .
 Harana
• a serenade traditionally sung by a man
to express affection to a woman
 Kundiman
• The term comes from the tagalog phrase
“kung hindi man” or “ if we’re not so”, “if
not meant to be”.
• These songs were subtly patriotic but typically
disguised as love songs.
02. Liturgy and Devotional Music
• music are religious music of Luzon that reveal
the impact of Spanish colonization to the
Philippines which lasted for almost three
centuries.
Such as:
 Pasyon
 Regina Coeli
 Alay ng Bulaklak kay Maria
Activity 5: Fill Me
Instructions: Fill in the blanks with the correct answer to complete the statements below.
Songs that are written by the folks and sung while doing daily activities are 1. ___________________.
Folk songs that are religious in nature are 2. ________________ while those which are not religious in nature
are 3. __________________.
Some examples of liturgy and devotional music are 4. ___________________, 5. __________________and
6. _________________. While 7. ___________________, 8. _________________ and 9. _________________ are secular
music.
These songs may have the characteristics of being 10. ___________________, 11. __________________ and
12. __________________. The songs may also be 13. ________________ and 14. __________________.
03. Musical Instruments from the
Lowlands of Luzon
 Rondalla Instruments
 Brass Band Instruments
 Bamboo Instruments
 Rondalla Instruments
• is an ensemble of plucked or stringed
instruments played with a plectrum or
pick and sometimes with percussions
too.
Rondalla section and Seating Arrangement
Banduria
Description- It is a 14-stringed
pear-shaped lute with a round
sound hole and played with a
plectrum.
Function in the Ensemble- It
plays the melody in the Rondalla
ensemble.
Laud
Description- It is a 14-stringed
pear-shaped lute with f-shaped
sound holes and played with a
plectrum. It is bigger than the
Bandurria.
Function in the Ensemble- It
plays the alto part or counter
melody in the Rondalla ensemble.
Octavina
Description- It is a 14-stringed lute
which is shaped like a small guitar
and played with a plectrum.
Function in the Ensemble- It
plays a counter melody or harmony
fill-in in the Rondalla ensemble.
Guitar
Description- It is a fretted musical instrument
having six strings.
-It is typically played with both hands by strumming
or plucking the strings with either a guitar pick or the
finger(s)/fingernails of one hand, while
simultaneously fretting with the fingers of the other
hand.
Function in the Ensemble- It is used as an
accompaniment of the song.
Bajo de Uñas
Description- It is a bass guitar
which looks like a big guitar and is
played by a plectrum.
Function in the Ensemble- It
plays the bass part that serves as a
rhythmic support.
Double Bass
Description- simply the bass (and numerous other
names), is the largest and lowest – pitched bowed
string instrument in the modern symphony
orchestra. It is a transposing instrument and is
typically notated one octave higher than tuned to
avoid excessive ledger lines below the staff.
Function in the Ensemble- It plays the bass of the
Rondalla ensemble.
 Brass Band Instruments
• The brass band is an ensemble of woodwind,
brass, and percussion instruments. In the
Philippines, they are usually played in fiestas,
religious, and civic celebrations.
• A parading brass band is called a marching band.
• Brass Instruments
• Brasswind Instrument
• Percussion Instruments
Brass Band in the Philippines
Brass instruments
Piccolo
Description- It is shorter than the flute.
-The sound it produces is thinner than
the flute.
Function in the Ensemble- It plays
the highest notes of all the woodwinds.
Clarinet
Description- -It has a single-reed
mouthpiece.
-It is a straight cylindrical tube with
cylindrical bore, and a flared bell
Function in the Ensemble- It takes on
both solo roles and the middle register
of the woodwind part.
Alto
Saxophone
Description- It is commonly used in
classical music concert bands, chamber
music, and solo repertoire; military
bands, marching bands, and jazz chants.
Function in the Ensemble- It forms a
bridge between the woodwind and brass
sections of the orchestra.
Tenor
Saxophone
Description- It is a medium-sized member of
the saxophone family and the most common one.
-It uses a large mouthpiece, reed and ligature than
the alto and soprano saxophones.
-It is easily distinguished by the bend of its neck,
or its crook near the mouthpiece.
Function in the Ensemble- It forms a bridge
between the woodwind and brass sections of the
orchestra.
Flute
Description- It is an aerophone (wind
instrument) that produces its sound from the
flow of air across an opening.
-The sound it produces is thin in timbre.
Function in the Ensemble- It often plays the
melody and the interventions are always heard
because of its specific timbre.
Brass Winds instruments
Trombone
Description- The name means “large trumpet”.
-The sound is produced when the player's vibrating
lips cause the instrument to vibrate.
-The pitch is produced by sliding the valve.
Function in the Ensemble- It plays the contra
tenor part of the band.
Trumpet
Description- The trumpet has the highest register
in the brass family.
-It is played by blowing air through almost-closed
lips, producing a “buzzing sound” that starts a
standing wave vibration in the air column inside the
instrument.
Function in the Ensemble- It provides the
melodic lines of an ensemble.
Euphonium
Description- It is a valve instrument.
-The current models are piston-valved.
-It is a non-transposing instrument.
-It is known for its distinctive tone color, wide
range, variety of character and agility.
Function in the Ensemble- It reinforces the bass
line – playing in octaves with the tuba, for example,
or doubling the brass clarinet.
Sousaphone
Description- It is a type of tuba designed to be easier
than the concert tuba to play while standing or
marching.
- It is widely employed in marching bands and various
other musical genres.
-The bell is above the tubist's head and projecting
forward.
Function
in the Ensemble- It plays the bass of the
.
band
French Horn
Description- It is commonly known as the horn.
-A brass instrument made of tubing wrapped into a
coil with S flared bell.
-Quality of the sound may also be controlled
through the adjustment of lip tension in the
mouthpiece and the operation of valves by the left
hand.
Function
in the Ensemble- It plays both melody
.
and harmony as well as rhythm.
Percussion instruments
Cymbals
Description- It consists of thin, normally round
plates of various alloys.
-It is used in many ensembles, jazz bands, heavy
metal bands, and marching groups
Function in the Ensemble- It is used to
accentuate musical climaxes.
Snare Drum
Description- It is known as a side drum and it is
an ever-present percussion instrument known for
its cylindrical shape and powerful, staccato sound.
-It is played with drum sticks or brush.
Function in the Ensemble- It is used in
orchestras, concert bands, marching bands,
parades, drum lines, and drum corps.
Bass Drum
Description- It produces a note of low definite
and indefinite pitch.
-It is a popular percussion instrument that varies in
sizes.
Function in the Ensemble- Its purpose is to
convey complex rhythmic and melodic content as
well as to keep the beat.
 Bamboo Instruments
• These are traditional musical
instruments that are made of bamboo
• Laspinas Bamboo Organ
• Musikong Bumbong
• Pangkat Kawayan
Bass Drum
Description- It produces a note of low definite
and indefinite pitch.
-It is a popular percussion instrument that varies in
sizes.
Function in the Ensemble- Its purpose is to
convey complex rhythmic and melodic content as
well as to keep the beat.
Pangkat Kawayan
Angklung
Description- These are bamboo-rattle tubes attached to
a bamboo frame.
-The tubes are carved to have a resonant pitch when
struck, each angklung represents a note and is tuned to
octaves.
-It is played by shaking the lower part with one hand
while the upper end holding it with the other hand steady.
Function in the Ensemble- It plays the
counterpoints to the melody.
Bumbong
(Bamboo Tube)
Description- It is made of hollow pieces of bamboo that
has been put together.
-It is divided into bass (lower) and horn (higher) sections.
Each bumbong represents one note to produce the
sound, it has to be blown through a mouthpiece.
Function in the Ensemble-It serves as the
orchestra's wind section.
Kalatok (Bamboo
Knocker)
Description- It is a percussion instrument
that is made of pieces of bamboo with
varying tones when struck by a rubber mallet.
Function in the Ensemble-It plays the
melody..
Kalagong
Description- It is a wind instrument that
produces a hollow gong-like sound.
-It is played by tapping the top wholes of the
bamboos by two flat and flexible surface
tapper.
Function in the Ensemble-It serves as bass
of the group.
Pan Pipes
Description- It is made of small pieces of
bamboo in graduated small tubes that has
been put together by a string.
-Each pipe represents a note and is blown to
produce the sound.
Function in the Ensemble-It creates the
melody of the ensemble.
Tulali (Bamboo
Flute)
Description- It is made of baga (one of the
smallest bamboo varieties).
-A bamboo opening encircled by a banana
leafing to a pentatonic scale played on four
holes, one found below and three on top of
the bamboo tube.
Function in the Ensemble-It often plays
the melody.
Kiskis
Description- It is a bamboo piece with ridges and
serves as a percussion
instrument.
-Kiskis is a Filipino word which means “to scratch”
or “to rub against something”.
It is played by rubbing a rattan stick on its ridges.
Function in the Ensemble-It performs the role
of a percussion instrument.
Instructions: Read and analyze carefully the selection. Fill in the blanks with the correct word or words to
complete the meaning of the selection. Choose your answer from the box. Some of the choices may be
used more than once.
Brass
Pangkat Kawayan
Rondalla
Brass Band
Plucking
In Lowland Luzon, musical instruments come in three groups, 1. ___________________, 2.
________________, and 3. ______________________. Instruments that are made for 4.________ ____________ and
strumming belong to the 5._______________ ensemble. Moreover, instruments that are made of bamboo
constitute 6._____ _______________ while an ensemble of woodwind, 7.__________ __________ and percussion is
known as 8.____ _________________.
To date, these musical instruments captured the spirit of the Filipinos in keeping the music
alive as a nation.
04. Hornbostel-Sachs Classification
of Musical Instruments
• In the present time, music studies introduce the classification
of musical instruments called the Hornbostel-Sachs system.
Erich Moritz von Hornbostel (Austrian music scholar) and
Curt Sachs (German organologist) devised a system for
classifying musical instruments.  Aerophones
 Chordophones
 Idiophones
 Membranophones
Names
Aerophones
Picture 1
Picture 2
Sound Production
produce sound primarily by
causing a body of air to
vibrate because of the air
blown inside
Chordophones
produce sound through its
vibrating string or strings
that is either plucked,
strummed, or used with a
bow.
Idiophones
produce sound by the
vibration of its body caused
by the way they are played
such as being struck,
scraped, rubbed, shaken,
rubbed or plucked
Membranophones
produce sound primarily by
way of a vibrating stretched
membrane tapped by hands
or sticks.
Activity 4: Know Me!
Instructions: A. Read and analyze the following situations. How does the sound of the following objects
produce? Choose your answer from the words inside the box. (Note that some of the answers can be used
more than once.)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Blowing
Tapping
Shaking
Plucking
Blowing a comb wrapped with paper
An empty bottle filled with sand
Pot’s cover being hit by a stick repeatedly
A stretched nylon being plucked
Tables being tapped
B. From your answers in letter A, identify them according to Hornbostel-Sachs classification.
6. (1) ____________________________
9. (4) ____________________________
7. (2) ____________________________
10. (5) ___________________________
8. (3) ____________________________
Thank you!
Teacher Pam