What is Biology? bio = life logy = the study of the study of life Word origins p 1124- 1125 Biology Jobs Forest Management Biomedical Limb Development Biology Fields Antamony Bacteriology Biotechnology Botany Ecology Entomology Evolution Genetics Helminthology Herpetology Ichtyology Immunology Lymnology Mammalogy Marine Biology Microbiology Ornithology Physiology Taxonomy Zoology Mycologist Paleontologist Cytology Virology I am a …. researcher Due: Tuesday 02/02/09 Characteristics of Life Organism = a living thing ; meaning it has all characteristics of life. There are 8 characteristics that all organisms share: 1. All organisms are made up of cells. Cells are the smallest unit of life http://www.qacps.k12.md.us/cms/sci/life/characteristics.htm Characteristics of Life 2. All organisms display organization atoms molecules organelles cells tissues organs organ systems organisms populations communities biosphere 1.facstaff.bloomu.edu/gwassmer/cgm2006/cgmlecture1+2.ppt ecosystem biome 1-2 Characteristics of Life 3. All organisms grow and develop Growth = increase in mass Development = maturation ex. flight of young bird cell differentiation (stem cell growth) Characteristics of Life 4. All organisms reproduce. Reproduction = production of offspring - passing of genetic material (DNA) to the next generation Reproduction is at the species level not individual Species = group of organisms that can breed with one another to produce fertile offspring. + donkey = horse mule Reproduction can be asexual (one parent - clone) or sexual (two parents - mixing of genes). Characteristics of Life 5. All organisms respond to stimuli Stimulus = anything that is part of an organisms internal or external environment and causes a reaction by the organism Response = reaction to the stimulus examples: internal external hunger pains eat touch flame yell in pain plant grows towards sunlight Characteristics of Life 6. All organisms require energy Metabolism = sum of all the chemical reaction in an organism that take in and transforms energy from the environment Some organisms obtain their energy from the environment while others get it from consuming other organisms. heterotroph = organism that need to consume other organism to obtain energy autotroph = organism that can produce energy from sunlight and inorganic carbon Characteristics of Life 7. All organisms maintain homeostasis homeostasis = regulation of an organism’s internal condition (environment) to maintain life. organisms must maintain a stable internal environment even though its external environment is constantly changing. Ex. A person sweats to reduce body temperature. Characteristics of Life 8. All organisms evolve over time at the species level not individual Adaptation = any inherited characteristic that results from changes to a species over time Characteristics of Life Any Question??
