National workshop
on
“Groundwater Challenges in India”
Water Resource Development Plan for
Chhokranala Watershed, District Raipur,
Chhattisgarh, India, Using Remote Sensing and
GIS Techniques
By
SHALINI CHOUBEY
&
DR. PRABHAT DIWAN
Research Scholar
Associate Professor
Department of Applied Geology, National Institute of Technology Raipur.
Outline of the Presentation





Introduction
Study Area
Database And Methodology
Result
Conclusions
Introduction
Source-http://thenewsite.thewatershedproject.org

A watershed is an area from which runoff resulting from
precipitation flows past a single point into large stream, lakes or
oceans. A watershed is a naturally occurring hydrologic unit
characterized by a set of similar topographic, climate and physical
condition.
Study Area

Total Geographic Area: 17.31
Sq.km.

Longitude: 81°42’ to 81°45’E

Latitude: 21°13’ to 21°23’N

Chhokranala Watershed falls in
the
SOI
Toposheet
No.
64G/11,64G/12 and 64G/16.

Annual Rainfall of the area is
1200mm.

Altitude of the watershed varies
from 290m to 310m above MSL.
Database And Methodology
Watershed Boundary

Therefore, it is decide to delineate watershed
at various levels of hierarchy based on
drainage network, contour configuration and
elevation. The size of watershed is dependent
on the size of the stream, river, the point of
interception of stream or river, the drainage
density and its distribution etc.

Delineation is part of the process known as
watershed segmentation, i.e., dividing the
watershed into discrete land and channel
segments to analyze watershed behaviour.
Watershed Map of Study Area
GEOLOGICAL MAP

Geology map has been prepared
from the Satellite Data and District
Resource Map.

The map was corrected after using
the geological map of Geological
Survey of India with help of ArcGIS
Geology of the study area as shown
in Geology Map.
Geology map of Study Area
GEOMORPHOLOGY MAP

Geomorphology
map
has
been
prepared from the Satellite Data
and District Resource Map.

The map was corrected using the
toposheet of Survey of India with
help of ArcGIS.

Geomorphology of the study area is
shown in Geomorphology Map.
Geomorphology Map of Study Area.
SLOPE MAP

In the present study, Aster DEM
was used to prepare slope map.

The slope grid is identified as the
maximum rate of change. Using the
method from each cell in the value
of its neighbour’s described in the
Burrough (1986).

Chhokranala watershed slope varies
from 0 to 5% which is very gentle.
Slope map of Study Area
SOIL MAP
Mainly two soil categories are present in
Study Area
Ultisol

Vertisols.
Soil map of Study Area
LAND USE LAND COVER MAP

The major land use/ land cover categories
identified in the study area Settalment,
Double Crop, kharif Crop/ Rabi Crop, Land
with scrub/land without scrub, water bodies.

Crop land identified in the study area was
mainly large area its mostly showing 40%.
Settlement area was observed mainly in 20%
and the waste land is categories in scrub and
without scrub land. The total waste land
which was 30% of the area. The water body
category only interpreted as form of Tanks/
Ponds and reservoirs. The water body in the
study area is 10%.

With help of satellite data and ground truth,
map prepared on ArcGIS
LULC Map of Study Area
Depth of Water Level Map of Pre And Post-Monsoon
Pre Monsoon Ground Water Depth Map
Post Monsoon Ground Water Depth Map
LINEAMENT MAP

In all 13 lineaments have been
identified and marked in the area.
They are having varying dimension
and areal extents as well.

Satellite image Landsat 8 ETM+
and a digital elevation model
(DEM) were obtained to conduct a
lineament analysis with the help of
ArcGIS Map as shown below.
Lineament Map of Study Area
DRAINAGE AND WATER BODIES MAP

Drainage and Water Bodies
map has been prepared from
Toposheet.

The map was corrected after
using the Satellite
and Field
check with help of ArcGIS.

Drainage and Water Bodies of
the study area as shown in
Drainage and Water Bodies
Map.
Stream Orders & Water Bodies Map of Study Area
Result

A systematic integration of these data with follow-up of hydrogeological
investigation provides rapid and cost-effective delineation of groundwater
potential zones

The groundwater potential zones were obtained by overlaying all the
thematic maps in terms of weighted overlay methods using the spatial
analysis tool in ArcGIS. During the weighted overlay analysis, the
ranking has been given for each individual parameter of each thematic
map and the weightage were assigned according to the influence of the
different parameters and was presented in Table
CRITERIA FACTORS
CATEGORY (CLASSES)
POTENTIALITY FOR
GROUND WATER
STORAGE
RATING
OVERALL WEIGHT
Geomorphology
Alluvium Pediplain Surface
Pediplain Moderately Weathered
Very good
Good
5
4
4
Geology
Pediplain Shallow Weathered
Pediments
Laterite
Ferruginous Gluoconite Arenite and Shale.
Poor
Very poor
Good
Poor
2
1
4
2
8
Limestone and Dolomite with Shale and Sand
Stone
0-50 Meter
50-100 Meter
100-150 Meter
Double Crop
Kharif Crop/Rabi Crop
Waterbodies
Land with scrub
Land without scrub
Settlement
0-1%
1-3%
3-5%
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
Vertisol
Ultisols
Sandy soil
3.00-6.00m
6.00-9.00m
9.00-12.00m
12.00-18.00m
Poor
2
Very good
Good
Moderate
Very Good
Good
Very good
Poor
Poor
Very poor
Very good
Good
Poor
Poor
Moderate
Good
Very Good
Poor
Good
Good
Very Good
Good
Moderate
Poor
5
4
3
5
4
5
2
2
1
5
4
2
2
3
4
5
2
4
4
5
4
3
2
Lineament
Buffer
Landuse/Landcover
Slope
Drainage
order
Soil
Groundwater
level depth
7
6
4
6
7
5
Integration of Remote Sensing and GIS modelling
for groundwater potential zone mapping

The eight parameters considered
are:
Geology,
Slope,
Soil,
Geomorphology, Land use/ Land
Cover, Lineament, Drainage and
Water level Depth .

Every class in the thematic layers
was
placed
into
one
of
the
following categories viz.
(i) Very Good ,(ii) Good, (iii)
Moderate, (iv) Poor, (v) Very Poor,
depending
on
their
level
of
groundwater potential.
Ground Water Potential Map of Study Area
Proposed Water Conservation Structures
S. No
Proposed
structures
No. of
structures
1
Boulder Dams
21
2
Gabbian Dams
20
3
Check Dams
15
4
Percolation Dams
16
5
Nala Pluggings
6
6
Injunction Wells
15
7
Farm Ponds
25
Proposed Recharge Structure Map of Study Area
Conclusions
This study has established methodology for demarcation of zones suitable for
artificial recharge structure. Here Study area is divided into Five groundwater
potential zones (Very High, High, Moderate and Low, Very Low).We have
suggested the suitable structures for proper exploitation of groundwater.
 From GIS modelling it revealed that artificial structures viz. percolation tanks,
check dams, Recharge-cum-discharge wells are feasible in the area. Roof top rain
water harvesting structure is most feasible technique in an industrial area.
 Check dams can be constructed across 3rd and 4th ordered streams having gentle
slope and are feasible in an area of shales and limestone with shallow and deep
pediplain. Boulder dams are most suitable recharge structure in the SE part of the
watershed and having geomorphic feature like pediments and pediplain shallow
weathered .
All the water that will ever be is, right now.
-National Geographic
Water has become a highly precious resource. There are
some places where a barrel of water costs more than a
barrel of oil.
- Lloyd Axworthy