“ Mitosis ”
Friday 31st July 2020 (Eid-Ul Adha)
Keywords : Anaphase, Chromatid , Allele , Asters, Cell Cycle ,
Chromatid , Centrioles, Chromatin , Chromosome, Cytokinesis,
Diploid Cell, Daughter Cell, Cytoskeleton , Genes, Haploid Cell,
Interphase, Kinetochore, Metaphase, Microtubules , Polar
Fibers, Prophase , Sister Chromatids ,Telophase and Parent
Cell.
All
 Describe the process of
mitosis.
 What happens to the new cell
, does it contain more
subcellular structure or not?
Most
 Should know the keywords
fully.
 Why does an eukaryotic cell
need a nucleus?
 What is an eukaryotic cell?
Some
 Why does the nucleus needs to
divide?
 To know what is a chromosome
and gene?
 How many genes does a person
have?
 Where are genes found?
 How many chromosome do we
have?
CHALLENGE: CAN YOU TELL US HOW DOES MITOSIS HAPPEN AND WHERE DOES IT HAPPEN? IF YOU
DO AND GET THEN RIGHT YOU WILL GET 2 ACHIEVING POINTS one for a learner and one for
knowledgeable.
ANSWER TO THE CHALLENGE QUESTION.
SO THESE ARE THE STEPS OF THE CELL CYCLE - MITOSIS HAPPENING :
STEP1: THE CHROMOSOMES PAIRS TO EACH OTHER AND SO THERE ARE
ONLY 23 PAIRS OF CHROMOSOMES.AND THEN EACH PAIR MAKES A COPY.
SO NOW FOR EACH OF THE PAIRS THERE ARE GOING TO BE 2 PAIRS OF
CHROMOSOMES . AFTER THAT, ALSO THE SUBCELLULAR STRUCTURE ARE
COPIED TO THE NEW CELL.
STEP 2: AT THIS STAGE THE NUCLEUS DIVIDES PULLING THE PAIRS OF
CHROMOSOMES APART.
STEP 3:THIS IS THE FINAL STAGE, WHAT ACTUALLY HAPPENS IS THAT THE
CYTOPLASM AND THE CELL MEMBRANE DIVIDES LEAVING WITH 2
IDENTICAL CELLS.
These steps doe not happen to the cell that is
already developed but instead it happens to the
cell that is going to be growing.
Mitosis happens when the cell needs to grow or
needs to repair something.
Mitosis happens in every cell except germ cell.
WHAT IS CELL CYCLE?
ANIMALS CONTAINS LARGE AMOUNTS OF NUMBERS
OF CELLS AND THIS ALSO MEANS THAT EACH CELL ARE
ABLE TO DIVIDE AND THEY HAS TO DIVIDE , THIS IS
CALLED “THE CELL CYCLE”.
MITOSIS (THE MAIN LESSON)
MITOSIS IS A PROCESS WHERE A SINGLE CELL DIVIDES INTO TWO
IDENTICAL DAUGHTER CELLS ALSO CALLED AS CELL DIVISION. CELL
DIVISION IS A UNIVERSAL PROCESS AMONG LIVING ORGANISMS. IN
1855, RUDOLF VIRCHOW, A GERMAN RESEARCHER, MADE A
FUNDAMENTAL OBSERVATION ABOUT ALL LIVING CREATURES: EVERY
CELL ORIGINATES FROM ANOTHER CELL, OR "OMNIS CELLULA E
CELLULA," IN THE ORIGINAL LATIN, AS AUTHOR MYRON SHULTZ
RECOUNTS IN A 2008 ARTICLE IN THE JOURNAL EMERGING
INFECTIONS DISEASES.
ANAPHASE
IS THE 4TH PHASE OF MITOSIS. AND THIS SEPARATES THE GENETIC MATERIAL CARRIED IN THE NUCLEUS
OF A PARENT CELL INTO TWO IDENTICAL DAUGHTER CELLS.
Chromatid
one of two identical halves of a replicated chromosome.
Allele
telom
This is found inside a gene.
eter
Short
Asters-An aster is a cellular structure
arm
shaped like a star
Centrioles-Helps the cell with cell
division.
centimeter
Sister chromatids
CHROMOSOME –FOUND INSIDE THE NUCLEUS. IT CONTAINS PROTEINS
AND A SINGLE MOLECULE OF DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID(DNA).
CYTOKINESIS= THE THIRD STAGE IN WHICH THE CYTOPLASM AND THE
CELL MEMBRANE DIVIDES.
DIPLOID CELL= A COMPLETE SETS OF CHROMOSOMES. LIKE ,YOU KNOW,
THE PAIR OF CHROMOSOMES IS CALLED A DIPLOID CELL.
DAUGHTER CELL= A CELL FORMED BY THE DIVISION OF THE CELL.
CYTOSKELETON= THE CYTOSKELETON IS A STRUCTURE THAT HELPS CELLS
MAINTAIN THEIR SHAPE.
HAPLOID CELL= THIS IS ALSO CALLED AS A GAMETE. IT REFERS TO THE AMOUNT OF
CHROMOSOMES IN A SPERM CELL OR IN AN OVUM.
GENES=THESE ARE MADE UP OF DNA (DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID). SOME GENES ACT AS A
MOLECULE CALLED PROTEINS . THESE ARE FOUND IN THE CHROMOSOME.
KINETOCHORE=IDENTIFY THE CHROMOSOME AND MICROTUBE OF THE SPINDLE . THEY ARE
LOCATED INSIDE THE CENTROMETER.
METAPHASE=A STAGE WHERE THE GENETIC MATERIAL CONDENSED INTO A CHROMOSOME.
MICROTUBULES= MOVE SUBCELLULAR STRUCTURE LIKE MITOCHONDRIA VIA PROTEINS .
POLAR FIBERS= THE POLAR FIBERS EXTEND TO THE CENTER OF THE SPINDLE POLE TOWARDS
THE METAPHASE PLATE
PROPHASE=IS THE FIRST STAGE OF THE CELL CYCLE, MEANING THE STAGE WHERE EACH
CHROMOSOME ARE PAIRED TOGETHER AND EACH OF THE CHROMOSOME GETS COPIED.
SISTER CHROMATIDS=WHEN THE CELL ARE COPIED THESE CELLS ARE CALLED “SISTER
CHROMATIDS”
TELOPHASE=IS THE LAST STAGE OF THE CELL CYCLE MEANING IT IS THE STAGE WHERE CELL
DIVIDE AND ALSO THE CYTOPLASM AND CELL MEMBRANE.
PARENT CELL= AN OLD CELL, IT IS USUALLY THE CELL THAT YOU STARTED MITOSIS WITH.
THE CHROMATIDS ARE ONE OF THE CHROMOSOME WHICH COMES FROM ONE FROM
FATHER AND ANOTHER FROM MOTHER.
Chromatids
Chromatids
chromosome
VIDEO NOTES
WATCH THESE VIDEOS:
HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=RNWJBMOVNVQ
HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=Y4P6JHFARU4
HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=X5ZXQOXEMO
HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=1GGNNYZ47RK
Did you know...? WE HAVE RNA
WHICH STANDS FOR ribonucleic
acid and this is an acid inside our
body which carries out the
instructions and copies the DNA to
make proteins.
THE DNA contains all these
instructions for the cell to grow and
function and replicate.
WHAT DID YOU LEARN FROM THOSE VIDEOS?
• WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING SHOWS THE CORRECT SEQUENCE OF MITOSIS?
A) METAPHASE - TELOPHASE - ANAPHASE - PROPHASE.
B) PROPHASE - ANAPHASE - METAPHASE - TELOPHASE.
C) PROPHASE - METAPHASE - ANAPHASE - TELOPHASE.
D) METAPHASE - PROPHASE - ANAPHASE - TELOPHASE.
E) TELOPHASE - METAPHASE - PROPHASE - ANAPHASE.
Correct is…
(c)