Geography and World Regions PERFORMANCE TASK PART 1: SOURCE-ANALYSIS TASKS Directions: Closely read and examine the sources provided in order to complete a series of source-analysis tasks that result in a thesis statement and multiparagraph outline. The sources and tasks relate to the following evidence-based prompt. To what extent do North Africa and sub-Saharan Africa have different regional characteristics? Task A: Analyze the prompt and sources Focus: Break down the prompt, access prior knowledge, and examine the evidence Task B: Build the thesis from evidence Focus: Synthesize the evidence, generate initial claims, and draft and contextualize the thesis Task C: Create an essay outline Focus: Write an introductory paragraph and outline body paragraphs using topic sentences and supporting details Note: The following sources have been edited for the purposes of this performance task. © 2021 College Board 149 Pre-AP World History and Geography Geography and World Regions PERFORMANCE TASK Background information: Geographers regionalize the continent of Africa in many ways. One way is to highlight the differences between North Africa and the rest of the continent, which is known as sub-Saharan Africa. Some geographers further regionalize the territory below North Africa into West, Central, East, and Southern Africa; however, for the purposes of EUROPE this performance task, the entirety of the land below North Africa will be referred to as sub- Saharan Africa. The documents in this performance task illustrate similarities and differences between those two regions: North Africa and sub-Saharan Africa. ANTIC North Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Pre-AP World History and Geography 150 © 2021 College Board Geography and World Regions Source 1 Detail of Africa from “The World by Income, FY2017,” a map of countries color-coded by PERFORMANCE TASK gross domestic product per capita (average economic output per person) Map adapted from the World Bank’s “The World by Income, FY2017.” © 2021 College Board 151 Pre-AP World History and Geography Geography and World Regions PERFORMANCE TASK Source 2 Population pyramids of Northern and sub-Saharan Africa Male 100+ 95-99 0.0% 0.0% 90-94 0.3% 0.2% 80-84 0.5% 0.4% 75-79 0.7% 70-74 0.8% 1.0% 65-69 1.1% 1.4% 60-64 1.5% 1.8% 1.8% 55-59 2.2% 2.2% 50-54 2.4% 45-49 2.5% 2.9% 40-44 2.9% 3.5% 35-39 3.5% 4.1% 4.1% 30-34 4.3% 25-29 4.2% 4.1% 4.3% 20-24 4.3% 15-19 4.2% 4.5% 4.7% 10-14 5.5% 5-9 5.3% 6.3% 0-4 8% 6.0% 6% 4% 2% 0% Male 100+ 95-99 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 8% 10% Northern Africa - 2019 Population: 241,780,764 Female 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 90-94 0.2% 0.1% 85-89 0.3% 0.2% 80-84 0.5% 0.4% 75-79 0.8% 0.7% 70-74 1.0% 65-69 1.1% 1.4% 60-64 1.5% 1.8% 1.8% 55-59 2.2% 2.2% 50-54 2.4% 45-49 2.5% 2.9% 40-44 2.9% 3.5% 35-39 3.5% 4.1% 4.1% 30-34 4.3% 25-29 4.2% 4.1% 4.3% 20-24 4.3% 15-19 4.2% 4.5% 4.7% 10-14 5.5% 5-9 5.3% 6.3% 0-4 10% 0.2% 0.1% 85-89 10% Female 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 8% 6% 6.0% 4% 2% 0% 2% 4% 6% Sub-Saharan Africa - 2019 Population: 1,066,283,411 © December 2019 by PopulationPyramid.net, made available under a Creative Commons license CC BY 3.0 IGO: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ Pre-AP World History and Geography 152 © 2021 College Board Geography and World Regions Source 3 PERFORMANCE TASK Map of Africa’s vegetation Anka Agency International / Alamy Stock Photo Source 4 Royal Berglee, World Regional Geography: People, Places, and Globalization, 2012 Today, [North Africa] is a Muslim-dominated realm with Arabic as its primary language. Historically, the ethnicity of North Africa was predominantly Berber with the nomadic Tuareg and other local groups interspersed. When Islam diffused into North Africa, the Arab influence and culture were infused with it. Sub-Saharan Africa covers a large land area more than 2.3 times the size of the United States. Thousands of ethnic groups are scattered throughout the realm. There is immense diversity within the 750 million people in sub-Saharan Africa, and within each country are cultural and ethnic groups with their own history, language, and religion. More than two thousand separate and distinct languages are spoken in all of Africa. Forty are spoken by more than a million people. © 2021 College Board 153 Pre-AP World History and Geography Geography and World Regions PERFORMANCE TASK Source 5 Tim Marshall, Prisoners of Geography: Ten Maps That Explain Everything About the World, 2015 (with a map of Africa for reference) Africa’s coastline? Great beaches—really, really lovely beaches—but terrible natural harbors. Rivers? Amazing rivers, but most of them are worthless for actually transporting anything, given that every few miles you go over a waterfall. Africa, being a huge continent, has always consisted of different regions, climates, and cultures, but what they all had in common was their isolation from one another and the outside world. That is less the case now, but the legacy remains. Most of the continent’s rivers also pose a problem, as they begin in highland and descend in abrupt drops that thwart navigation. The continent’s great rivers—the Niger, the Congo, the Zambezi, the Nile, and others—don’t connect, and this disconnection has a human factor. Strait of Gibraltar Suez Canal ea il e e Blu ue River Ben Gulf of Aden N ile White N Volta River dS ger Rive Ni r l River ga Sen e Re Nile R i v er Mediterranean Sea Lake Albert Congo River Lake Victoria Lake Tanganyika ATLANTIC OCEAN Za m be zi Rive r Lake Nyasa popo River Lim Orange R ive r Pre-AP World History and Geography 154 INDIAN OCEAN © 2021 College Board Regarding comment …It would be a great help if you could mark-up the specific area that you are referring to. Geography and World Regions Please return to the original markup. Arrows indicate the lightest shades of blue and green. As you can see in the side-by-side, areas were changed to light yellow that were not marked by arrows. This happens throughout the map in both yellow and green areas. Some borders were also removed. The changes we would need to mark on the first pass would be too vast to be helpful. Please revisit only making the areas that the arrows point to 75% or 25% of the color indicated in markup. AndSource follow the 6 remainder of instruction for darker color and white. PERFORMANCE Map of the ratio of Muslims to Christians for each country and province of Africa TASK More than twice as many Muslims as Christians Up to twice as many Muslims as Christians Number of Christians and Muslims is approximately even Up to twice as many Christians as Muslims More than twice as many Christians as Muslims Data from Pew Research Center © 2021 College Board 155 Pre-AP World History and Geography Geography and World Regions PERFORMANCE TASK Source 7 Map of most profitable exports in Africa Map via Simran Khasla / GlobalPost (https://www.pri.org/stories/2014-05-14/map-shows-which-exportmakes-your-country-most-money). Data source: CIA Factbook. Pre-AP World History and Geography 156 © 2021 College Board Geography and World Regions TASK A: ANALYZE THE PROMPT AND SOURCES PERFORMANCE TASK To what extent do North Africa and sub-Saharan Africa have different regional characteristics? Analyze the prompt 1. Underline or circle key words in the prompt. What is the topic of this prompt? What are you being asked to write about? 2. What do you know about this topic? List examples of prior knowledge that are relevant to this prompt. Analyze the documents 3. Use the table on the next page to record information that may be relevant to the prompt. Be sure to include information from each of the sources as well as additional details from outside the sources. © 2021 College Board 157 Pre-AP World History and Geography Geography and World Regions PERFORMANCE TASK Source Details relevant to the regional characteristics of North Africa and sub-Saharan Africa Evidence from the source 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Related details from outside the sources Pre-AP World History and Geography 158 © 2021 College Board Geography and World Regions TASK B: BUILD THE THESIS FROM EVIDENCE PERFORMANCE TASK Synthesize the evidence 1. Review the details and evidence notes you recorded in Task A. Reorganize this information to illustrate the most significant characteristics that are unique to North Africa or subSaharan Africa as well as characteristics that are common to both areas. Regional characteristics of North Africa and sub-Saharan Africa Unique characteristics of North Africa Unique characteristics of sub-Saharan Africa Characteristics both regions have in common Plan your thesis Underline the position below that you believe has the strongest evidence to support it. i. The regional characteristics of North Africa and sub-Saharan Africa are very similar. ii. The regional characteristics of North Africa and sub-Saharan Africa are very different. 2. Write two strong claims that support your choice above. Include these claims when you write your thesis. They will also serve as topic sentences for your first two body paragraphs. © 2021 College Board 159 Pre-AP World History and Geography Geography and World Regions PERFORMANCE TASK 3. Revisit your notes on the sources. What is the most compelling counterclaim to your position? What will your thesis need to acknowledge regarding this counterclaim? Your answers to these questions will shape your topic sentence for your final body paragraph. Plan your thesis in the space below. Consider the following questions as you draft and refine your sentence(s): Have you directly and completely addressed the prompt? Does your thesis go beyond the simple position chosen above to reflect the claims and counterclaim you developed? Do you need to use multiple sentences or words like while or although to clearly express both similarities and differences while maintaining a clear position? Contextualize your thesis What additional information would help set the stage for your overall argument? List one or two relevant characteristics of the contemporary world that will contextualize your thesis. Pre-AP World History and Geography 160 © 2021 College Board Geography and World Regions TASK C: CREATE AN OUTLINE Organize and expand on your work from tasks A and B using the following outline. On the solid PERFORMANCE TASK lines, write in complete sentences. On the dotted lines, write brief notes in the form of words, phrases, or abbreviations. Introduction (contextualize your position and state your thesis) Context: Thesis: Body paragraph 1 (first claim that supports your position) Topic sentence: Supporting evidence: © 2021 College Board 161 Pre-AP World History and Geography Geography and World Regions PERFORMANCE TASK Body paragraph 2 (second claim that supports your position) Topic sentence: Supporting evidence: Body paragraph 3 (counterclaim) Topic sentence: Supporting evidence: Pre-AP World History and Geography 162 © 2021 College Board
