Life Orientation Notes
Intervention Strategies:
Prevention: any strategies to mitigate the risk of any disease occurring e.g education
surrounding risks of disease or awareness campaigns or providing free condoms in public
toilets
Control: any strategies involving the treatment or management of disease e.g treatment
care and support
Stakeholders responsible for intervention strategies
Government - responsibility to the people and to the constitution
Businesses and employers - ensure that health and safety requirements are met in the
workplace
Schools - educate youth on the risks of diseases, how to prevent the risk of disease,
practical demonstrations as to how to avoid such risks (Show students how to wash their
hands and sanitize properly or what to do when there is dirty water)
Non-profit organisations - organise environmental and societal intervention programs
(community clean-ups and service projects)
Individuals - Reduce consumption, use less pollutant transport (bicycles), ensure support of
sustainable agricultural practices.
Possible questions:
IT implementation in grade R - (Think of implementation complications regarding resources
available and the practicality of implementing specific solutions)
Impact assessment is a solution
EIA definition - an Environmental Impact Assessment is an analytical process that
systematically examines the possible environmental consequences of the implementation of
projects, programmes and policies.
Impact study could be applied If an act gets ammended (health/agricultural act) to help
control or monitor an environmental issue. E.g surveying abalone population and amount of
abalone being fished after amendment states new restrictions on abalone fishing in order to
reinforce positive action behind the change in the act and assess the impact of the change.
3.1 1) High sexual activity - at the age where want kids
2) Less educated about risks of sexually transmissable diseases
3)
3.2 1) Female sex workers
2) Transgender women in Sub-saharan africa - greater risk
3) Rape prevelance
4) African culture - Women in rural areas financially driven to go for older men
Poverty, the low status of women and gender-based violence have all been cited as
reasons for this disparity in HIV prevalence.12 It was estimated that around a third of
women will have experienced intimate partner violence in the past 12 months, a level
that is similar across all age groups.13
3.3 1) Provide public contraceptives and education programs in an effort to reduce the
amount of unsafe sexual behaviours happening and thus preventing a large amount of
people from contracting HIV. In the early 2000’s there was a large movement towards
placing condoms in public bathrooms. David thinks this has been effective to a certain
degree in preventing the spread of HIV infections, as the periodicity of diagnoses has
decreased significantly since then.
2) A large movement towards educating people on the risks of HIV/AIDS and other sexually
transmissible diseases has made suitable headway towards decreasing the amounts of new
diagnoses coming into clinics
Responsible citizenship
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Respecting and obeying the law
Being patriotic
Actively participating in your community
Respecting others and not discriminating
Respecting the environment
Role of media in democracy
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Media provides an unbiased account of events
Provide a platform for debate
Hold officials accountable
Encourage public discussion of issues
Provide the government with a wat of communicating their policies
“Watchdog role” - protect the public and provide information e.g Carte Blanche
Women in sports
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40% of sports participants are women - however, only 4% of media-coverage
focuses on their sports
49% of girls drop out of sport by the time that they reach pubescent age
Women’s sports should be aired more for more coverage, sponsorships, recognition
and pay
Greater recognition for female athletes will provide a strong foundation for female
role models
This will boost the number of girls who play and engage with any sport and continue
to feed the cycle in turn when they develop and grow up
Things that help women’s sports - promoting female teams (Banyana Banyana),
increased number of female sportscasters/commentators, increase in sports
coaches, trainers (Pilates, yoga, Zumba, HIIT as well as soccer, netball, hockey etc.
Embezzlement
Misappropriation of funds placed in one's trust or belonging to one's employer for personal
gain - employee overcharging customers in order to ‘cook the books’ and take the surplus of
profit for themselves
Fraud
Criminal deception intended to result in financial gain or to deprive another of rights or
money.
Electoral fraud - finding ways to rig elections
Extorsion
when someone attempts to obtain money or property by threatening to commit violence,
accuse the victim of a crime, or reveal private or damaging information about the victim.
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Threatening to reveal incriminating information or explicit pictures for money
Abuse of power
An unlawful act, done in an official capacity which affects the performance of official duties
 Richard Nixon to use federal agencies to violate the constitutional rights of citizens
Abuse of privileged information
Somebody uses information that they should not be allowed to share
 Insider trading
Favouritism/nepotism
The practice of giving preferential treatment to one group at the expense of another
Nepotism - favouring friends/family unfairly - ensuring your friend gets the job over other
applicants
Tax evasion
Deliberately avoiding tax liabilities
 Taxpayers deliberately concealing their finances from tax authorities, finance law
form creating shell companies to hide funds from financial agencies (Panama
papers)
Identity theft
The deliberate use of another person's identity to gain a financial advantage or obtain credit
in the other person’s name - even to disadvantage the other person
 Financial identity theft, using someone’s credit card or cashing someone else’s check
 Medical identity theft - using someone else’s medical identity for medical benefits
 Criminal identity theft - give the police the wrong name when they arrest you
 Child identity theft - using children’s identity numbers to claim benefits from the
government
Procurement fraud
Dishonestly obtaining an advantage, avoiding an obligation or causing a loss to public
property or various means during the procurement process by public servants, contractors
or any other person involved in the procurement.”
 Intentionally inflating market prices, approving invoices for products that weren’t
delivered, collusion to rig pricing process.
Bribery
An act of dishonesty involving the giving of a bribe to act in someone’s favour
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Bribing traffic officials to avoid fines