1. NECK: Triangles boundaries and contents 3Q For this just gotta know them all, definitely know any triangle with something important in it, because that can be a landmark that makes the question predictable (note any major nerves or arteries and what they penetrate or cross) 2. Fasciae (Arrangement And Spaces) 1Q I would be willing to bet money it is one of these 2 choices, know which space spreads to which location. - - Pretracheal space because fluid (taking infection with it) may spread to anterior mediastinum (know anterior, she could put posterior or something that isn't even real to throw you) Retropharyngeal space for same reasons except it has potential to spread infection to the posterior mediastinum (don't mix up which goes where) 3. UPPER LIMB: this all blends but I will try to separate some A. Bones (nerve injury related to fracture, or dislocation and the muscular action) 2 questions (1 picture) - Don't forget to look at loss of function in injuries - Don't forget, injury to the long thoracic nerve (roots of C5, C6, C7) innervates serratus anterior which can result in winged scapula - Median nerve injury at elbow results in hand of benediction, atrophy of thenar muscles flatten thenar eminance leading to ape hand (review lecture 25 slide 12) B. JOINT (FUNCTION RELATED TO ANATOMICAL CHARACTERISTICS, INJURY TO LIGAMENTS, DISLOCATION, ETC:) 3 QUESTIONS - Glenohumeral joint is weakest on the inferior part due to lack of stability (this part is hard to predict, review lecture 21 slides 7 and 8 I guess?) - Radius dislocation common in children because the head slips out of the annular ligament - Ulnar nerve injury results in claw hand, at risk with medial epicondyle fractures (makes sense, it runs the medial side of the arm right?) enters Guyon's canal, injury to the (review lecture 25 slide 15) - We had one on the quadrangular space and axillary nerve, also note thoracodorsal (lecture 25 slide 17) good (Google "quadrangular space fingers" it will help learn the lay out of that area) - Radial groove of the humerus and the radial nerve (also maybe know deep brachial artery), someone is going to have a mid shaft fracture of the humerus (this is my guess for the xray you get) or a laceration on the lateral side which the radial nerve wraps around to, and it severs the radial nerve so they will lose some function and sensation, (review lecture 19 slide 19) - Superior trunk injury to C5 and C6 results in Erb-Duchene "waiters tip" and this is a common question, someone wrecks a motorcycles and lands on his head and shoulder or a baby deliver where they pull on the head away from the shoulders. She made a table you should definitely review, lecture 25 slide 21. Personally go to 100 concepts and find this injury, they do a good job summarizing it. -Inferior trunk injury to C8 and T1 results in Klumpke's and claw hand, another common one, someone falls and catches a ledge and they get this. C. BURSAE: 1 QUESTION - Students elbow is from repeated friction/pressure to the subcutaneous olecranon - Subacromial bursitis pain at rest - Painful arch syndrome is from the subacromial bursa and the interaction with the supraspinatus tendon (I think? double check this one maybe?) 100 concepts has a thing about it also) D. MUSCLES Site of origin and/or attachment of several muscles 1 question (picture) - Hard to tell, odd she uses a picture, if I had to guess maybe where the biceps brachii attaches? Short head attached to coracoid process and long head attached to supraglenoid tubercle. I would guess coracoid process, and maybe the picture is an xray and you have to be able to identify the coracoid process. Maybe know this Popeye deformity she mentions in lecture 22 on slide 25. All the attachments and origins on this slide would be good to review. Another high yield option is SITS, teres minor, supraspinatus, infraspinatus run to the greater tubercle (greater has more muscles) subscapularis runs to the lesser tubercle (lesser has less muscles) we had one on this and had to be able to name the 3 muscles to the greater E. SURFACE ANATOMY 1 QUESTION (PICTURE) - I'm not real sure what her plan is here unless it's a clavicle displacement or something and you need to know what ligaments are injured? Sorry this is an odd category for this topic. F. MUSCULAR ACTION 1 QUESTION - Could be so many things here, but do not forget Someone from her last class told me she did provide and xray of the carpals and ask them to identify a specific bone. Pick a mnemonic and know it, free point. Tennis elbow is lateral epicondylitis and affects the common extensor tendon. It is the backhand in tennis that causes this, think of flicking your wrist as you swing the racket backwards. When swinging out with wrist extension (extension, extensor muscles duh) the resistance slowly wears down those tendons. All the muscles potentially affected have extensor in their name. Tennis = lateral = extensors Golfer's elbow is medial epicondylitis and affects the common flexor tendon. When singing a golf club you bring it back in and your flex your wrist as you come down on the golf ball. Just like above, the resistance against that wrist flexion wears down the tendons. This will be your PFPF (pass fail pass fail) muscles on your forearm from the videos I sent out previously. Golf = medial = flexors If you don't know what I mean by the wrist flexion and the wrist extension, look at the anatomical movements and if you struggle understanding why tennis elbow hurts the lateral, and golfer's elbow the medial, maybe look at a picture or video of a tennis back handed swing (shown on 100 concepts) and a golf swing to see the motion and where they get their names
