International Journal of Trend in Scientific
Research and Development (IJTSRD)
International Open Access Journal
ISSN No: 2456 - 6470 | www.ijtsrd.com | Volume - 1 | Issue – 5
Animosity towards Acid Attacks Critical Study on Acid Victimization
Chandrashekar.S.V.
Assistant Professor, School of Criminology and
Criminal Justice, Rani Channamma University,
Belagavi, Karnataka
Eldo Johny
Teaching Assistant, School of Criminology and
Criminal Justice, Rani Channamma University,
Belagavi, Karnataka
ABSTRACT
1. INTRODUCTION
Animosity to acid attacks is deliberated as foulest
acts, a form of gender terrorism within the feminist
read. It’s a form of vicious violence outlined as acid
throwing or Vitriolage. In India, there are component
varied incident were reported, as most precarious
victimization of individuals by deforming their body.
The condition of victims of acid attacks is unit in
serious frustrating their entire life. Acid victimization
has deliberated globally and even several countries
area unit sensitizing the problems so as to virtuously
strengthen the victims. The prominence influence is to
be deliberated in victim purpose of reading, firstly,
whether or not specifically on raising the condition of
victims by judicial reforms and with antagonistic
services or arduous the criminals for victim
satisfaction? Second, interference of Women
victimization particularly in acid attacks, thirdly,
however victims ought to live their entire life once the
tragic incidents? Supported to these higher problems
this paper endeavors to interpret the psychological
condition of victims of acid attacks their agony and
additionally the revolution within the criminal justice
compelling the primary phases in determining the
complete crime issues and additionally sway on
society.
There are numerous motives to light up the acid
assaults primarily on women. It is deliberated as
psychological oppression in the women's activist
interpretation, hence it is called as a form of Gender
terrorism (Robert.T.Muller, 2014) and furthermore as
despises wrongdoing. Acid Throwing or Vitriolage is
characterized as damaging acidic chemicals onto the
body which reasons distorting skin, in Medical
obsessive clarification. Deductively acid is been
characterized, as a property which contains having its
pH value underneath 7. These destructive substances
influence skin by harming whole Tissues.
Keywords: Vitriolage, Women victimization, Violence
against women, Criminal Justice
There are many occasions in India of acid tossing,
particularly on women. So it is well thoroughly
considered that it is despise wrong doing.
2. The Assessment of Criminal Bahaviour and
Motives in Acid Attacks.
The significant of measuring the criminal conduct of
acid aggressors are little worried, , most of the crimes
are with emotional complications with certain
motives.. This may shift over the world, In India, the
majority of victims were inclined to Love issues,
Sexual abuse, Ex-accomplices revenge, Extra marital
relations, Dowry, inappropriate activities, Land
Issues, Property issues, and alternate reasons. Women
are more inclined to the acid assaults contrasting with
men, based on the review of various research study
findings.
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International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
Features
Frustrated
Egoistic
Seductive
Behaviour
Leads to
aggressive nature
Nature of Putting
own needs
before others,
Humiliate
Immodest ,
provocative
nature
Motives
Revenge
Build intimacy
Sexual
interests
The Criminal Intentions gives more complexity
against women victims, so it is been thought as a type
of Sexual orientation Psychological oppression in the
Women's activist Examinations.
A. Frustrated:
This condition would lead the individual to either
Dejection or Hostility because of claim
disappointments. Individual may mean to
overcome by disappointment and feels to help out
his own advancement. This may wind up with
extreme vengeance. Relationships, Additional
Conjugal Relationship, Unfaithfulness, ExAccomplice Cruelty and so forth. The vast
majority of the women focused thus as the
reprisal, deforming her for all time would ruin her
whole life.
B. Egoistic:
This sort of bahaviour is extremely hurtful; this
can be seen as "Objectification" of Women and
Male-controlled Predominance. Individual when
he neglects to accomplish great connection or
closeness may cause genuine sort of animosity
swings into to do assault by pouring corrosive. A
proposal to be engaged, Love recommendations,
Physically Stalking, coercion, persuasively tries to
build closeness.
C. Seductive: This condition is exceptionally
criticized in the societal perspectives. To increase
sexual favour, sexual ill-treating. In the event that
anybody flops in this, He will assault on her body,
with a specific completion motive to deform her
for all time.
3. Outcome of Acid Assaults in India
The Acid assaults are accounted for over the Indian
states, it is definitely unwelcoming to check and
furthermore, it is very difficult to take preventive
activities. It is thought that India has seen many
instances of corrosive assaults yet the conviction rate
is low. The Normal age of victim is projected between
14 to 45 years; all the age women are exploited in
India. The majority of the cases were accounted for
with reasons of lustful wishes.
4. Supreme Court and Central Government of
India Direction to all states:
The Supreme Court of India directs the Union Home
Ministry has initiated to all states to restrict the sale of
acids across the nation. It is directed to all the drug
company to be following the guidelines of the
government strictly in the sale of chemicals coercive
in the nature, its availability. The Ministry of Home
Affairs has additionally coordinated to every one of
the states to force rules on the sale of acids that each
medication shops ought to entirely take after the rules
and keep up the data of the purchaser's registers and
the explanation behind purchasing with their whole
information's. It is fine up to 50,000 rupees the
individuals who don't take after the strict rules. Focus
government likewise has requested each state to
institute their own particular law with non-safeguard
capable arrangements.
5. Compensation by the Union Government:
The union government has ventured with the
momentous starts to deal with the victim of acid
assault are remunerated with no less than 3 lakh
rupees. One lakh rupees should pay the victim by the
within 15 days of the incident, for restorative
administration. The Supreme Court of India also
directed that the acid attack is Non- Bail able offence.
However the Educational institutes and the other
research institutes, both the academic and nonacademic, and all the health institutes which are set up
the storage if acids must record the usages, to be filed
and maintained. The stakeholders of these all should
vigilance over the workers or the students by checking
often regularly and ensure they walk without anything
taken out.
6. Laws Relating to Acid Assault in India
TheGazette of IndiaDated April 2, 2013, went arrange
through the Union Ministry of Law and Justice,
authorized Criminal Law Amendment Act 2013,
rolled out improvements and included to the section
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International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
100 of Indian Penal Code under Chapter 2, of
Amendment Bill,
7. The considerations of acid laws and women's
activist thoughts
A. Explainsseventhly, An Act of Throwing or
Administering acid or an attempt to throw or
administer acid which may reasonably cause the
apprehension that grievous hurt will otherwise be
the consequences of such act (Padala Rama
Reddy, 2014).
The acid laws in India are genuinely considered with
basic perspectives. The current laws in corrosive
assaults must be changed victim survivor's viewpoints
are to be amplifying further genuine punishment.
Numerous women's activist examinations depend on
the way of punishment ought to be improved with
much serious. Deforming the face is thought to be the
attempt to kill, once victim loses the regular skin,
makes the lasting imprint for whole life, so the
considerations depend on the seriousness of the
offense ought to rebuff with the level of murder
attempt.
B. Section 5 of Criminal Law Amendment bill
2013, Made amendment to the section 326A of
Indian Penal code, states whoever causes
permanent or partial damage or deformity to , or
burns or maims or disfigures or disobeys any part
or parts of the body of person or causes grievous
hurt by throwing acid on or by administering acid
to that person or by using any other mean with the
intention of causing or with the knowledge that he
is likely to cause such injury or hurt, shall be
punished with imprisonment of either description
for a term which shall not be less than 10 years
but which may extend to imprisonment for life
and with fine,. Further provided that such fine
shall be just and seasonable to meet the medical
expenses of the treatment of the victim’s.
C. Section 326B, voluntarily throwing or attempting
to throw acid. Whoever throws or attempts to
throw acid on any person or attempts to administer
acid to any person or attempts to use any other
means with the intentions of causing permanent or
partial damage or deformity or burns or maiming
or disfigurement or disability or grievous hurt to
that person, shall be punished with imprisonment
of either description for term which shall not less
than 5 years but may extend to 7 years shall also
be liable to fine. There some explanation two
explanations
which
further
elaborated,
Explanation 1, For the purpose of section 326A
and this section, acid includes any substance
which has acidic or corrosive character or burning
nature that is capable of causing bodily injury
leading to scar’s or disfigurement or temporary or
permanent disabilities. The Explanation 2, For the
purpose of section 326A and this section
permanent or partial damage or deformity shall
not be required to be irreversible (Padala Rama
Reddy, 2014).
8. Medico Legal Angles
The acid assaults impacts are extremely egregious.
Most of the guilty parties who have indulged these
sorts of offenses are targets victim face and afterward
different parts of the body. In such cases the medical
examination while treating the victims relies on upon
the force of the corrosive tossed, it just not burns but
rather it influences the skin and the fat substance
underneath the skin. So the measure of power is to be
inspected before going to treat it. The delicate parts of
the body like eyelids, lips, and if the substance goes
into the nose and ears then the seriousness is
profoundly perilous. That will be the changeless scar.
9. Victim’s Psychological Defies
Acid Assaults are the most frightful act against
Human body particularly to make harm on the body
and in addition rationally the victims of these kinds of
incidents will suffer lot through their life with so
much of agony. Psychologically the assessment of
acid victims especially women victims should be
deliberated all over the world to make awareness and
to aid victims.
1. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder:
This issue can be influenced by the people the
individuals who neglect to recover from the
experience of horrendous
circumstances,.
Corrosive victims appallingly get influenced in the
most the cases, because of their inclination. Acid
victims terribly get affected in the most the cases,
due to their proneness. Acid attacks are such
offences where the victim’s cognitive experience
pushes them into the traumatic conditions.
Victims often suffer from tragic memory. There
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International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
are two kind of PTSD occurs, chronic a profound
impact of the cognitive memory and the other one
is acute, where the memories are very short.
Usually women victims are more prone to this
kind of disorders. The affected person may feel
severe fear of culprits and the events may further
lead them into be lonely or hatred- ness towards
such acts.
2. Obsessive Disorder:
This disorder can be seen in the person mind set
who suffer from repeated thought of particular
traumatic event. Victims who develop such
obsessive disorder may suffer themselves by
cursing; also there are chances of developing the
hatred ness, revenge attitudes towards culprits
because of those mentally imaged memories.
3. Frustration:
It creates in the victims of corrosive assaults by
reviling themselves since they met a sad
condition.
4. Body Dimorphic Disorder (BDD):
Acid victims of BDD suffer about their looks,
about their appearance. It's difficult to feel in the
event that they get harmed to their body.
Particularly in women they can't control emotions
and get discouraged and stressed of their
condition. Here victim may feel they can't
confront society and social circumstance. That
State
Andrapradesh
Arunachal
Pradesh
Assam
Bihar
Chattisgarah
Goa
Gujrat
Haryana
Himachal
Jammu &
Kashmir
Jharkhand
Karnataka
Kerala
Madhya Pradesh
Maharastra
Manipur
Meghalaya
additionally may make them feel such a variety of
issues. They endure in disguising, contrasting
themselves with others, consistent checking in
mirror, makes them distress.
5. Misandry:
This regularly found in women, it hatred towards
men and young men. This is due to objectification
of women for sexual lust. The victims who
develop misandry feel much furious and dread.
10. Methodology
The Objectives of the study
1. To analyse and Explicate the problems of Acid
Victimization.
2. To study the consequences of Acid attacks and
Victim Proneness and to review it statistically.
3. To Deliberate Acid assailant's motives.
Methods: The motivation behind this investigation is
to examine the animosity towards acid victimization
along with full filling the objectives stated above.
This analysis receives the Explorative Descriptive
methods. This data gathered through the Secondary
source from the organization Acid Survivours
Foundation India.
The following numbers represents the acid attack
incidents from 2011 to 2015 in India.
2011
8
2012
6
2013
4
2014
6
2015
14
TOTAL
38
0
0
0
0
0
00
0
3
0
0
2
8
0
1
10
0
1
4
6
0
13
1
0
0
5
6
1
0
4
1
0
6
13
1
3
19
0
0
4
12
1
17
37
01
01
21
45
03
2
3
2
2
2
11
0
3
1
5
6
0
0
1
2
2
6
3
0
1
0
4
0
11
9
0
0
3
3
4
20
5
0
0
0
2
10
19
8
1
0
04
14
17
61
31
01
01
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International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
Mizoram
Nagaland
Odisha
Punjab
Rajasthan
Sikkim
Tamil Nadu
Telangana
Tripura
Uttar Pradesh
Uttarkhand
West Bengal
A& N Islands
Chandigarh
D & N Haveli
Daman & Diu
Delhi Ut
Lakshadeep
Puducherry
Total
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
2
3
10
8
9
4
5
17
7
0
6
0
6
1
0
0
0
2
0
0
1
6
13
10
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
4
4
14
11
18
43
61
2
3
0
0
0
13
22
8
41
41
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
28
9
18
20
21
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
106
106
116
225
249
Source: Acid Survivors Foundation India (Statistics).
The above numerical understandings demonstrate the
event of occurrences during that time 2011 to 2015.
This interpretation includes all the states of India
including Union Territories of India. The extent of
increase in the offense incidents proves to us how the
pattern creating in the countries. In 2011 the offenses
were accounted for just 106 all through India, which
compasses to 249 when 2015, which can be dissected
twofold. Thoroughly as per the figures, 802 cases
were accounted for from 2011 to 2015. The offense
extent varies each year, yet the 2011 and in the time
of 2012 no distinction by any stretch of the
imagination. The expanding patterns propose that the
rate of wrongdoing episodes are a little worry, in the
time of 2015 it as expanded twofold contrasting with
2011 information. Among every one of the states,
Uttar Pradesh stands most surprising crime event in
all out five years it is 147 incidents. Besides the
condition of West Bengal has announced 125
violations by and large over the most recent five
years, taking after that Delhi as a Union territory
stood third most noteworthy acid assault crimes.
Strangely among all the Union territories, Delhi alone
has high crime rate. While Arunachal Pradesh,
Mizoram, Andaman Nicobar, Daman and Diu, D& N
Haveli, Lakshadweep are never seen any acid assault
incidents.
00
01
24
42
13
02
30
02
09
147
45
125
00
02
00
00
96
00
01
802
11. Results and Discussions
The following table indicates Rate of increased acid
attack at various States of India
Year
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Number
of attack
77
96
97
205
228
Rate Of increase
in acid Attack
_
24.68
1.05
111.35
11.22
The above numbers demonstrate the rate of expanded
corrosive assault at different states in India, the extent
in the year 2012, announced cases are 96, from 2011
to 2012 inside one year the patterns are transformed it
expanded at the rate of 24.68. In the year 2013, the
occurrences were 97, the following year to it 2014 has
205 cases enlisted. The rate of an episode has
expanded around 111.35 twofold to the genuine
numbers. The expanding pattern proceeded in the year
2015 again with the rate of 11.22. This picture
indicates us somewhere close to the year 2012 to 2013
crime rate as less rate of expanded with just 1.05%.
Incidentally the latest amendment for Criminal
Procedure Code (Amendment) act 2013, made severe
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International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
laws due to the disruption of Nirbhaya incident, also
direction of Supreme Court of India made rigid
decisions for free treatment; compensations,
regulating and control of sale of acids strengthen the
laws. During 2013 to 2014 within one year of span
the acid incidents were 111.35% high in the nation.
There should have been less, because the aftermath
Nirbhaya case it was furious to the law and order
condition also to the policy makers. Later 2014 the
increasing rate has been lowered to just 11.22%. This
may be due to the sensational alertness among
judiciary, police and citizens due to the Nirbhaya
incident. The following table indicates Rate of
increase in acid attack in U/T
3. Andaman Nicobar, Daman and Diu, D& N Haveli,
Lakshadweep have never seen any corrosive
assault incidents.
4. Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, and Delhi are
positioned most elevated wrongdoing occurrences.
Maybe the controls on the sale of chemicals are to
be taken honest, Particularly in Delhi as a capital
city; more consideration ought to be paid. West
Bengal is second most elevated, due to the border
security and migration problems, with Neighbour
country Bangladesh the identity problem among
the people is worried, even in Worldwide
Situation Bangladesh has the high risk in acid
assaults, based on the many research reports.
The following table indicates Rate of increase in
acid attack in U/T
CONCLUSION
Year
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Number
of attack
29
10
19
20
21
Rate Of increase in
acid Attack
_
-65.52
90
5.27
5
The Union Territories saw low quantities of the
corrosive assault occurrences contrasting with the
states. It is in the Time of 2013 the crime rate
expanded by 90%. In the year 2015, it is been just 5%.
Obviously, the wrongdoing rate in the Union domains
is less. Most elevated among the union territories is
Delhi. By and large in India still, the numbers
recommends that there ought to be some component
to control such intolerable corrosive assaults which
are extremely severe in nature.
12. Findings and Suggestions:
The findings of the study,
1. The size of the Corrosive assaults occurrences is
in unsafe condition to direct the wrongdoings.
Still, it is expanding subsequently we require a
decent approach with inflexible punishment with
no hesitancy.
2. The crime incidents in Eastern states are less in
numbers, might be the geological and social
immovability of the land as affected, Arunachal
Pradesh and Mizoram never saw any such
corrosive assaults.
The Vitriolage are intense offenses, the reported
incidents and the size of the offense demonstrate that
the crime occurrences are expanding each year; still,
there are some sure potential outcomes of Dark
figures of crime. The greater part of the rural areas are
going unreported because of different reasons, maybe
the crime incidents are less. The strict control on the
drug dealers and the chemical suppliers might help to
combat these issues. And the strategy of highest
punishments would impact population to not do such
offenses. There is need of good Victim survey's at the
governmental level as well.
REFERENCES
1) Taylor, L. M. (2000). Saving Face: Acid Attack
Laws After the UN Convention on the Elimination
of All Forms of Discrimination Against
Women.Ga. J. Int'l & Comp. L., 29, 395.
2) Anwary, A. (2003). Acid violence and medical
care in Bangladesh: Women’s activism as
carework. Gender & Society, 17(2), 305-313.
3) AmbikaPandit (2017) Rules for Government jobs
to acid attack survivors to be notified soon.
4) Law Commission of India Report – 226 ( 2009)
Proposal for inclusion of acid attacks as specific
offences in Indian penal code and a Law for
compensation for victim of crime.
5) Acid Survivours Foundation India.
6) Padala Rama redid(2014) Indian Penal
Code,1860. 16th edition, Asia Law House,
Hyderabad.
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