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Key Concepts
Short Answer On the lines provided, answer the following questions.
1. How do humans affect artificial selection? What role does nature play?
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Chapter 16 Evolution of Populations
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Section Revi~w 16-3
Reviewing Key Concepts
On the lines provided, answer the following questions.
Short Answer
1. When are two species said to be reproductively
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9. Applying Concepts Describe a situation that would result in the
sudden geographic isolation of a few members of a population.
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the ancestor species on the mainland.
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Chapter 15 Darwin's Theory of Evolution
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Chapter Vocabulary Review
On the line provided, write the letter of the definition that best
matches each term on the left.
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1. evolution
a. change over time
2. fossil
b. differences among individuals
3. natural variation
c. preserved remains of an ancient organism
4. struggle for existence
d. survival of the fittest
5. fitness
e. all species are derived from common ancestors
6. adaptation
7. natural selection
f. structures that develop from the same embryonic
tissues, but have different mature forms
8. common descent
g. ability of an individual to survive and reproduce
9. homologous
within a species
in a specific environment
structures
h. organ with little or no function
10. vestigial organ
i. competition for food, space, and other resources
among members of a species
j. inherited characteristic that increases an
organism's chance of survival
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Defining
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d. struggle for existence.
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188
a. natural variation.
c. common descent.
b. natural selection.
d. artificial selection.
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17. Natural selection is the same as
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a. struggle for existence.
c. artificial selection.
b. survival of the fittest.
d. descent with modification.
18. The diagrams of the limbs below show evidence of
a. natural variation.
c. common descent.
b. natural selection.
d. artificial selection.
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19. The bones in the diagram above are examples of
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a. homologous structures.
c. adaptation.
b. fitness.
d. struggle for existence.
20. A human's appendix and a skink's legs are examples of
Short Answer
a. vestigial organs.
c. natural selection.
b. fitness.
d. artificial selection.
On the lines provided, answer the following questions.
21. How did Darwin interpret the fossil record?
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Chapter Vocabulary Review
Completion On the lines provided, complete the following sentences.
1. The combined genetic information of all members of a particular population
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is called a(an)
2. The te:\Q1\\/e -\yeqUeno ..l
of an allele is the number of times thatthe allele
occurs in a gene pool, compared with the number of times other alleles occur.
3. A(an)
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are controlled by two or more genes.
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6. For most genes, a gene pool typically contains
a. no alleles.
c. one allele.
b. two or more alleles.
d. no more than two alleles.
7. The graphs below show changes in the distribution of beak size in Galapagos
finches during a period when food was scarce. What type of natural selection
do the graphs show?
c. stabilizing selection
a. directional selection
d. disruptive selection
b. destabilizing selection
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c. stabilizing selection
b. destabilizing selection
d. disruptive selection
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9. What type of natural selection takes place when
individuals at the upper and lower ends of the curve
have higher fitness than individuals near the middle?
a. directional selection
c. stabilizing selection
b. destabilizing selection
d. disruptive selection
10. A random change in allele frequency is called
a. fitness.
c. speciation.
b. genetic drift.
d. the founder effect.
11. Genetic drift is more likely to occur in
a. large populations.
c. small populations.
b. medium-sized populations.
d. a single individual.
12. What occurs when allele frequencies change as a result of the
migration of a small subgroup of a population?
a. directional selection
c. speciation
b. the founder effect
d. genetic equilibrium
13. What principle states that the frequency of an allele in a population
will remain constant unless one or more factors cause that
frequency to change?
a. the speciation principle
c. the Hardy-Weinberg principle
b. the genetic equilibrium principle
d. the genetic-drift principle
14. The situation in which allele frequencies do not change is called
a. genetic equilibrium.
c. behavioral equilibrium.
b. stabilizing equilibrium.
d. directional selection.
15. Which of the following is required to maintain genetic equilibrium?
a. The population must be small.
b. No mutations occur.
c. Individuals move between populations.
d. Natural selection occurs.
16. What is the formation of a new species called?
a. directional selection
c. founder effect
b. speciation
d. temporal isolation
17. What situation occurs when members of two different species
cannot interbreed and produce fertile offspring?
a. reproductive isolation
c. genetic drift
b. genetic equilibrium
d. natural selection
18. What kind of isolation occurs when two populations are capable of
interbreeding but have differencesin courtship rituals or other types of
behavior?
a. courtship isolation
c. geographic isolation
b. behavioral isolation
d. temporal isolation
19. Two populations kept separate by a river are characterized by
a. genetic drift.
c. geographic isolation.
b. disruptive selection.
d. temporal isolation.
20. What situation occurs when two or more species
reproduce at different times?
a. stabilizing selection
c. geographic isolation
b. behavioral isolation
d. temporal isolation
Teaching Resources / Chapter 16
201
Name
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Chapter 18 Classification
Completion
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On the lines provided, complete the following sentences.
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each species is assigned a two-part scientific name.
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3. In taxonomy, each level of classification is referred to as a(an)
4. The seven taxonomic ca~gori~s in Linna.eus's system o~lassification
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1. In the discipline known as jQXGY)\) '{Y\
kind of organism a universally accepted name.
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sentence or answers the question.
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5. The method of grouping organisms into categories
that represent lines of evolutionary descent is called
a. taxonomy.
c. binomial nomenclature.
b. cladistic analysis.
d. evolutionary classification.
6. Comparison of DNA to determine how long different species
have been evolving independently can be done using
a. cladograms.
c. kingdoms.
b. molecular clocks.
d. domains.
7. Characteristics that appear in recent parts of a lineage but not in its older
members are called
c. cladograms.
a. taxons.
b. derived characters.
d. genes.
8. What type of model is shown below?
c. cladogram
a. binomial nomenclature
b. molecular clock
d. domain
e
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9. Which phylum includes humans, snakes, and sharks?
a. Ursidae
c. Mammalia
b. Carnivora
d. Chordata
10. The group of organisms that can be larger than a
kingdom is called a
a. domain.
c. phylum.
b. species.
d. class.
11. A prokaryote whose cell walls contain peptidoglycan
belongs to the domain
a. Eukarya.
c. Bacteria.
b. Protista.
d. Archaea.
12. Unicellular organisms sometimes found in hot springs
are part of the domain
a. Eubacteria.
c. Protista.
b. Archaea.
d. Eukarya.
13. The domain Eukarya includes the kingdom(s)
a. Protista, Plantae, Fungi, Animalia.
c. Eubacteria.
b. Protista, Plantae, Bacteria.
d. Archaea, Bacteria.
14. The kingdom Protista contains
a. only single-celled organisms.
b. both single-celled and multi-celled organisms.
c. only multi-celled organisms.
d. neither single-celled nor multi-celled organisms.
15. Mushrooms belong to the kingdom
a. Protista.
c. Plantae.
b. Bacteria.
d. Fungi.
16. The kingdom Plantae contains primarily
a. photosynthetic autotrophs.
c. photosynthetic heterotrophs.
b. single-celled autotrophs.
d. protists.
17. The organisms found in the kingdom Animalia are
a. photosynthetic heterotrophs.
c. multicellular heterotrophs.
b. single-celled heterotrophs.
d. protists.
18. Into how many domains are organisms divided?
a. three
c. four
b. five
d. six
19. The unicellular prokaryotes that make up the domain
Bacteria are also classified in the kingdom
a. Archaebacteria.
c. Fungi.
b. Eubacteria.
d. Protista.
20. The prokaryotes that live in extreme environments are c1assifed
in the kingdom
c. Fungi.
a. Archaebacteria.
b. Eubacteria.
d. Protista.
Teaching Resources / Chapter 18
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