The State of the Black Family in America Patrick F. Fagan and Christina Hadford February 2015 Marriage and Religion Research Institute ● 801 G St, NW Washington, D.C. 20001 ● 202.393.2100 ● marri.us/index-2015 ● Today, only 17 percent of black teenagers reach age 17 in a family with both their biological parents married. Historically, marriage in the United States constituted a unified set of ideas about appropriate adult behavior. “HOW CAN WE DESTROY MONOGAMY?” BY PROMOTING PROMISCUITY, EROTICISM, PROSTITUTION AND HOMOSEXUALITY!” The more sexual partners a young woman has, the more likely her marriage will break up in the first five years. “Black fatherless boys are the particular victims of growing up without a dad.” The chastity of the female is central to the intactness of the family. Blacks are the most church-attending ethnic group in America. Jesus was the original sexual revolutionary . What is forbidden to Christians may be less known among Christians today than it used to be. ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ Black Population of the U.S. 1940-2011 Source: Statistical Abstracts of the United States and American FactFinder; U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Reports 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2011 35,000,000 30,000,000 25,000,000 20,000,000 15,000,000 10,000,000 1940 1942 1944 1946 1948 1950 1952 1954 1956 1958 1960 1962 1964 1966 1968 1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 Black population 40,000,000 Year Non-white Black Black, non-Hispanic U.S. Birth Rate by Race/Ethnicity 1950-2010 40 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 30 20 10 1950 1952 1954 1956 1958 1960 1962 1964 1966 1968 1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 Births per 1,000 persons by specified race/ethnicity Source: Statistical Abstracts of the United States; Vital Statistics of the United States White Non-white Black, non-Hispanic Asian and Pacific Islander Year White, non-Hispanic Black Hispanic American Indian and Alaska Native Live Births in the U.S. by Race/Ethnicity 1950-2011 Source: Statistical Abstracts of the United States; Vital Statistics of the United States Number of births by specified race/ethnicity (in thousands) 4,500 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 4,000 3,500 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 1950 1952 1954 1956 1958 1960 1962 1964 1966 1968 1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 0 Total births Non-white Hispanic Year White Black Asian and Pacific Islander White, non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic American Indian and Alaska Native U.S. Live Birth Rate of Unmarried Women by Race/Ethnicity 1993-2008 Source: NCHS, National Vital Statistics Reports Live births per 1,000 unmarried women of specified race/ethnicity 110 1993 2000 2008 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 Year Total White Black Hispanic 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 30 Source: NCHS, National Vital Statistics Reports 3.1 1980 1990 2000 2012 2.8 2.5 2.2 1.9 1.6 1.3 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Number of children born per average U.S. woman in her lifetime of specified race/ethnicity U.S. Total (Over a Lifetime) Fertility Rate* by Race/Ethnicity** 1980-2012*** Year White Black Hispanic Asian and Pacific Islander American Indian and Alaska Native *National average number of children an American woman would bear in her lifetime, if childbearing conformed each year to agespecific fertility rates. A total fertility rate of 2.11 represents "replacement level" fertility for the total population under current mortality conditions. **In this table all women (including Hispanic women) are classified only according to their race. ***2012 is a preliminary figure. U.S. General (Annual) Fertility Rate by Race/Ethnicity* ** 1964-2010 Number of births per 1,000 women by specified race/ethnicity Source: NCHS, National Vital Statistics Reports 1964 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 140 120 100 80 60 2009 2007 2005 2003 2001 1999 1997 1995 1993 1991 1989 1987 1985 1983 1981 1980* 1978 1976 1974 1972 1970 1968 1966 1964 40 Year White Black Hispanic Asian and Pacific Islander American Indian and Alaska Native *Prior to 1980, race/ethnicity was based on that of the child. Since 1980, race/ethnicity has been measured by that of the mother. Therefore, 1980 is represented twice, first by race/ethnicity of child, second by race/ethnicity of mother. **In this table all women (including Hispanic women) are classified only according to their race. U.S. Pregnancy Rate of Married and Unmarried Women by Race/Ethnicity 1993-2008 190 1993 2000 2008 170 150 130 110 90 Year White, married White, unmarried Black, married Black, unmarried Hispanic, married Hispanic, unmarried 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 70 1993 Pregnancies per 1,000 women of specified race/ethnicity and marital status Source: NCHS, National Vital Statistics Reports U.S. Pregnancies, Live Birth, Abortion, and Miscarriage Rates of Married Women 1990-2008 140 1990 2000 2008 120 100 80 60 40 20 Year Total pregnancies Live births Abortions Miscarriages 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 0 1990 Pregnancies, live births, abortions, and miscarriages per 1,000 married women aged 15-44 Source: NCHS, National Vital Statistics Reports U.S. Pregnancy, Live Birth, Abortion, and Miscarriage Rates of Married Black Women 1993-2008 1990 125 2000 2008 100 75 50 25 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 0 1993 Pregnancies, live births, abortions, and miscarriages per 1,000 married black women aged15-44 Source: NCHS, National Vital Statistics Reports Year Total pregnancies Live births Abortions Miscarriages Source: NCHS, National Vital Statistics Reports 200 1990 2000 2008 175 150 125 100 75 50 25 Year Total pregnancies Live births Abortions Miscarriages 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 0 1993 Pregnancies, live births, abortions, and miscarriages per 1,000 unmarried black women aged 15-44 U.S. Pregnancy, Live Birth, Abortion, and Miscarriage Rates of Unmarried Black Women 1993-2008 Births to Minors* as a Percentage of All Births in the U.S. by Race/Ethnicity 1970-2010 1980 1990 2000 2010 16.0 14.0 12.0 10.0 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 1970 1975 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Births to minors as a percentage of all births by specified race/ethnicity Source: NCHS, National Vital Statistics System 1970 18.0 *Mothers under age 18. All races/ethnicities Black Asian and Pacific Islander Year White Hispanic American Indian and Alaska Native Out-of-Wedlock Births as a Percentage of All Births in the U.S. by Race/Ethnicity 1975-2011 80 1975 1980 1990 2000 2011 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 2011 2009 2007 2005 2003 2001 1999 1997 1995 1993 1991 1989 1987 1985 1983 1981 1979 1977 0 1975 Out-of-wedlock births as a percentage of all births by specified race/ethnicity Source: Statistical Abstracts of the United States; NCHS, National Vital Statistics Reports Year White Black Hispanic Asian and Pacific Islander American Indian and Alaska Native 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Births per 1,000 unmarried teenage women of specified race/ethnicity U.S. Out-of-Wedlock Birth Rate of Teenage Women by Race/Ethnicity 1980-2011 Source: NCHS, National Vital Statistics Reports 110 1980 1990 White 2000 Black 2011 90 70 50 30 10 Year Hispanic 170 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Births per 1,000 unmarried women aged 20-24 of specified race/ethnicity U.S. Out-of-Wedlock Birth Rate of Women Aged 20-24 by Race/Ethnicity 1980-2011 Source: NCHS, National Vital Statistics Reports 1980 1990 White 2000 Black Year Hispanic 2011 140 110 80 50 20 U.S. Out-of-Wedlock Birth Rate of Black Mothers by Age 1980-2011 Source: NCHS, National Vital Statistics Reports Births per 1,000 unmarried black women of specified age 160 1980 1990 2000 2011 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 0 Year 15-44 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Births per 1,000 unmarried black women of specified age U.S. Out-of-Wedlock Birth Rate of Black Teenage Women by Age 1980-2011 Source: NCHS, National Vital Statistics Reports 1980 1990 15-19 2000 Year 15-17 18-19 2011 145 120 95 70 45 20 Black Unmarried 15- to 17-year old Girls who Had a Child in the Past Year By Family Structure of Origin American Community Survey 2008 through 2011; MARRI 37% 21% 14% 5% 3% 8% 1% 7% 3% 1% U.S. Abortion Rate of Unmarried Women by Race/Ethnicity 1993-2008 90 1993 2000 2008 80 70 60 50 40 30 Year Total White Black Hispanic 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 20 1993 Number of abortions per 1,000 unmarried women of specified race/ethnicity Source: NCHS, National Vital Statistics Reports U.S. Infant Mortality Rate by Race/Ethnicity* 1975-2011** Source: NCHS, National Vital Statistics Reports Infant deaths per 1,000 live births by specified race/ethnicity 30 1975 1980 1990 2000 2011 25 20 15 10 Year Total infant mortality White Black Non-white *Prior to 1980, race/ethnicity was based on that of the child. Since 1980, race/ethnicity has been measured by that of the mother. Therefore, 1980 is represented twice, first by race/ethnicity of child, second by race/ethnicity of mother. **2011 are preliminary figures. 2010 2008 2006 2004 2002 2000 1998 1996 1994 1992 1990 1988 1986 1984 1982 1980* 1979 1977 1975 5 Life Expectancy by Race/Ethnicity in the U.S. 1900-2011* Source: NCHS, National Vital Statistics Reports 1900 80 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 2011 75 Life expectancy in years 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 Year All races/ethnicities *2011 data is preliminary data. White Non-white Black 2010 2005 2000 1995 1990 1985 1980 1975 1970 1965 1960 1955 1950 1945 1940 1935 1930 1925 1920 1915 1910 1905 1900 30 Percentage of black men of specified marital history Marriage, Remarriage, and Divorce History of Black Men Aged 15+ in the U.S. (Selected Years) 1996-2009 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Survey of Income and Program Participation 60 1996 2009 50 40 30 20 10 0 1996 2001 2004 2009 Year Ever married Married 2 times Married 3+ times, still married* *Includes those currently separated. Married 1 time Married 2 times, still married* Ever divorced Married 1 time, still married* Married 3+ times Currently divorced Percentage of black women of specified marital history Marriage, Remarriage, and Divorce History of Black Women Aged 15+ in the U.S. (Selected Years) 1996-2009 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Survey of Income and Program Participation 70 1996 2009 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1996 Ever married Married 2 times Married 3+ times, still married* *Includes those currently separated. 2001 Year 2004 Married 1 time Married 2 times, still married* Ever divorced 2009 Married 1 time, still married* Married 3+ times Currently divorced Source: Current Population Survey Annual Social and Economic Supplement; U.S. Census Bureau, via ChildTrends 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 90 80 70 60 50 40 Year Total White, non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic Asian and other Pacific Islander 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003*** 2002 2001 2000 1995 1990 1985 1980* 1975 30 1970* Percentage of children living with two married parents of specified race/ethnicity Children Living with Two Married Parents** in the U.S. by Race/Ethnicity (Selected Years) 1970-2012 White Black Hispanic Asian * Revised based on population from the decennial census for that year. ** Whether biological, adoptive, or non-biological parents. *** From 2003 forward data for race reflect only those who selected a single race. Only whole numbers are available for 2003 estimates, except for those children living with one parent, for which moredetailed estimates are available. Source: Current Population Survey Annual Social and Economic Supplement; U.S. Census Bureau, via ChildTrends 65 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 55 45 35 25 15 Year Total Black Asian and other Pacific Islander White Black, non-Hispanic Asian 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003*** 2002 2001 2000 1995 1990 1985 1980* 1975 5 1970* Percentage of children living with one parent of specified race/ethnicity Children Living with One Parent** in the U.S. by Race/Ethnicity (Selected Years) 1970-2012 White, non-Hispanic Hispanic * Revised based on population from the decennial census for that year. ** The parent may be residing with an unmarried partner. *** From 2003 forward data for race reflect only those who selected a single race. Only whole numbers are available for 2003 estimates, except for those children living with one parent, for which moredetailed estimates are available. Family Structure of Black Adults Aged 35 to 40 American Community Survey 2008 through 2011; MARRI 37% 32% 16% 9% 6% 1% First Marriage Re-Married Divorced Cohabiting Always Single Widowed Family Structure of Black Men and Women Aged 35 to 40 American Community Survey 2008 through 2011; MARRI 39% 35% 34% 29% 18% 12% 7% 11% 7% 6% 0% First Marriage Re-Married Divorced Men Cohabiting Women Always Single 1% Widowed Source: Current Population Survey Annual Social and Economic Supplement; U.S. Census Bureau, via ChildTrends 60 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 50 40 30 20 10 Total Black Asian and other Pacific Islander Year White Black, non-Hispanic Asian 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003*** 2002 2001 2000 1995 1990 1985 1980* 1975 0 1970* Percentage of children living with mother by race/ethnicity Children Living with Mother** in the U.S. by Race/Ethnicity (Selected Years) 1970-2012 White, non-Hispanic Hispanic * Revised based on population from the decennial census for that year. ** The parent may be residing with an unmarried partner. *** From 2003 forward data for race reflect only those who selected a single race. Only whole numbers are available for 2003 estimates, except for those children living with one parent, for which moredetailed estimates are available. Source: Current Population Survey Annual Social and Economic Supplement; U.S. Census Bureau, via ChildTrends 6.0 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003*** 2002 2001 2000 1995 1990 1985 1980* 1975 0.0 1970* Percentage of children living with father by race/ethnicity Children Living with Father** in the U.S. (Selected Years) 1970-2012 Year Total Black, non-Hispanic White Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Asian Black * Revised based on population from the decennial census for that year. ** The parent may be residing with an unmarried partner. *** From 2003 forward data for race reflect only those who selected a single race. Only whole numbers are available for 2003 estimates, except for those children living with one parent, for which moredetailed estimates are available. Source: Current Population Survey Annual Social and Economic Supplement; U.S. Census Bureau, via ChildTrends 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 11.0 9.0 7.0 5.0 3.0 Year Total Black Asian and other Pacific Islander White Black, non-Hispanic Asian 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003*** 2002 2001 2000 1995 1990 1985 1980* 1975 1.0 1970* Percentage of children living wtih no parents of specified race/ethnicity Children Living with Neither Parent in the U.S. by Race/Ethnicity (Selected Years) 1970-2011 White, non-Hispanic Hispanic * Revised based on population from the decennial census for that year. *** From 2003 forward data for race reflect only those who selected a single race. Only whole numbers are available for 2003 estimates, except for those children living with one parent, for which moredetailed estimates are available. Children Adopted through Public Agencies in the U.S. by Race/Ethnicity 1998-2012 2000 30,000 2005 2012 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 2012 2011 2010** 2009** 2008** 2007** 2006** 2005** 2004** 2003** 2002 2001 2000 1999 0 1998 Number of adoptions through a public agency Source: The Child Welfare League of America Year White Black Hispanic American Indian/Alaskan Native Asian Asian and Pacific Islander More than one race Unknown/unable to determine Family Structure of Black 15- to 17-Year Old Boys and Girls 26% 25% 21% 9% 8% 23% 23% 25% 4% 5% Boys 2% 2% Girls 5% 5% 5% 5% 2% 2% 3% 1% Source: American Community Survey Data on Opposite- and Same-Sex Couples 80 2005 2008 2012 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 Year White Hispanic or Latino origin (of any race) Asian Other race Black or African American American Indian or Alaska Native Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 2+ races 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 0 2005 Percentage of opposite-sex cohabiters aged 15+ of specified race/ethnicity Opposite-Sex Romantically Involved Cohabiters Aged 15+ in the U.S. by Race/Ethnicity 2005-2012 Source: American Community Survey Data on Opposite- and Same-Sex Couples 90 2005 2008 2012 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 White Hispanic or Latino origin (of any race) Asian Other race Black or African American American Indian or Alaska Native Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 2+ races 2012 2011 2010 Year 2009 2008 2007 2006 0 2005 Percentage of same-sex cohabiters aged 15+ of specified race/ethnicity Same-Sex Romantically Involved Cohabiters Aged 15+ in the U.S. by Race/Ethnicity 2005-2012 Source: American Community Survey Data on Opposite- and Same-Sex Couples 90 2005 2008 2012 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 White Hispanic or Latino origin (of any race) Asian Other race Year Black or African American American Indian or Alaska Native Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 2+ races 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 0 2005 Percentage of same-sex male cohabiters aged 15+ of specified race/ethnicity Same-Sex Romantically Involved Male Cohabiters Aged 15+ in the U.S. by Race/Ethnicity 2005-2012 Source: American Community Survey Data on Opposite- and Same-Sex Couples 90 2005 2008 2012 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 White Hispanic or Latino origin (of any race) Asian Other race Year 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 0 2005 Percentage of same-sex female cohabiters aged 15+ of specified race/ethnicity Same-Sex Romantically Involved Female Cohabiters Aged 15+ in the U.S. by Race/Ethnicity 2005-2012 Black or African American American Indian or Alaska Native Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 2+ races Educational Attainment in the U.S. by Race/Ethnicity 1964-2012 90 1964 1970 1980 1990 2000 2012 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 2012 2010 2008 2006 2004 2002 2000 1998 1996 1994 1992 1990 1988 1986 1984 1982 1980 1978 1976 1974 1972 1970 1968 1966 0 1964 Percentage of population by specified race/ethnicity Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Reports Year White, high school White, college Black, high school Black, college Asian, high school Asian, college Hispanic, high school Hispanic, college Educational Achievement of 35- to 40-year old Black Females by Present Family Structure 50% 43% 39% 40% 34% 33% 27% 20% 17% 15% 14% 20% 8% 7% 5% 3% 6% 6% 6% 4% First Marriage Re-Married Divorced Cohabiting Always Single 2% 1% 1% 1% Widowed High School Drop-outs High School Graduates (only) College Graduates (only) Professional Graduates (only) Educational Achievement of 35- to 40-year old Black Females Contrasting “First Marriage” vs. “Always Single” 50% 43% 39% 40% 34% 27% 20% First Marriage Always Single High School Drop-outs High School Graduates (only) College Graduates (only) Professional Graduates (only) 33% Educational Achievement of 35- to 40-Year Old Black Males by Present Family Structure 56% 50% 48% 34% 33% 25% 21% 21% 8% 9% 4% First Marriage 13% 12% 11% 12% 12% 9% 7%6% 8% Re-Married 1% 0% 0% 0% Divorced Cohabiting Always Single Widowed High School Drop-outs High School Graduates (only) College Graduates (only) Professional Graduates (only) “Educational Achievement of 35- to 40-Year Old Black Males Contrasting “First Marriage” vs. “Always Single” 56% 48% 34% 50% 33% 25% 21% 21% First Marriage Always Single High School Drop-outs High School Graduates (only) College Graduates (only) Professional Graduates (only) 70 1974 1979 1979 Source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, and Current Population Survey, via Child Trends Data Bank 1974 1989 1999 2010 60 50 40 30 20 10 Year Less than high school Some college, including vocational/technical High school diploma or equivalent Bachelor's degree or higher 2010 2008 2005 1999 1994 1989 0 1984 Percentage of black children by specified level of attained paternal education Non-Hispanic Black Children Aged 6‐18 by Paternal Educational Attainment (Selected Years) 1974‐2010 Non-Hispanic Black Children Aged 6‐18 by Maternal Educational Attainment (Selected Years) 1974‐2010 1974 1979 1979 70 1974 1989 1999 2010 60 50 40 30 20 10 Year Less than high school Some college, including vocational/technical High school diploma or equivalent Bachelor's degree or higher 2010 2008 2005 1999 1994 1989 0 1984 Percentage of black children by specified level of attained maternal education Source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, and Current Population Survey, via Child Trends Data Bank Median Family Income by Race/Ethnicity in Constant (2012) Dollars 1967-2012 Source: Statistical Abstracts of the United States Income by specified race/ethnicity 90,000 1947 1960 1980 2000 2012 80,000 70,000 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 1947 1949 1951 1953 1955 1957 1959 1961 1963 1965 1967 1969 1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 20,000 Median family income, all races White, non-Hispanic Black* Asian and Pacific Islander *Before 1967, data are for "Black and other races" combined. Year White White alone, non-Hispanic Black alone Asian alone Black Men and Women 18- to 62-Years Old Living in Poverty By Present Family Structure 56% 51% 19% 18% 13% 13% 10% 9% 4% 2% First Marriage Re-Married 1% Divorced Men Cohabiting Women Always Single Widowed 3% Black Children Living in Poverty By Family Structure of Origin 50% 16% 12% 9% 2% 6% 1% 3% 1% 0% Black Teenagers 15- to 17-years old Living in Poverty By Family Structure of Origin 37% 24% 11% 3% 6% 3% 6% 5% 6% 0% Black Adults 18- to 62-Years Old with Private Healthcare By Present Family Structure 34% 33% 15% 10% 7% 2% First Marriage Re-Married Divorced Cohabiting Always Single Widowed Black Adults 18- to 62-Years Old with Public Healthcare By Present Family Structure 51% 18% 15% 8% 6% First Marriage Re-Married 3% Divorced Cohabiting Always Single Widowed Black Males 18- to 62-Years Old with Public Healthcare By Present Family Structure 46% 19% 16% 9% 8% 2% First Marriage Re-Married Divorced Cohabiting Always Single Widowed Black Females 18- to 62-Years Old with Public Healthcare By Present Family Structure 54% 19% 12% 7% 4% 4% First Marriage Re-Married Divorced Cohabiting Always Single Widowed Black Adults 18- to 62-Years Old Receiving Supplemental Security Income (SSI) By Present Family Structure 60% 50% 25% 16% 10% 9% 8% 6% 5% 4% First Marriage Re-Married 2% Divorced Men Cohabiting Women Always Single 6% Widowed Black Adults 18- to 62-Years Old Receiving Social Security Disability Insurance Income (SSDI) By Present Family Structure 41% 36% 27% 20% 18% 14% 12% 11% 7% 7% First Marriage Re-Married Divorced Men 5% Cohabiting Women 3% Always Single Widowed Black Adults 18- to 62-Years Old Receiving TANF or Welfare By Present Family Structure 61% 51% 19% 13% 9% First Marriage 19% 11% 4% 2% Re-Married 7% 2% Divorced Men Cohabiting Women Always Single Widowed 2% Black Adults (all) and Black Women 18+ Years Old Using Food Stamps By Present Family Structure 47% 18% 14% 21% 11% 10% 4% First Marriage 49% 7% 6% 9% 3% Re-Married Divorced Adults Cohabiting Women Always Single Widowed Black Children Household’s Use of Food Stamps By Family Structure of Origin 49% 16% 14% 3% 8% 1% 5% 3% 1% 0% Black Teenagers (15- to 17-Years) Household’s Use of Food Stamps By Family Structure of Origin 38% 25% 13% 4% 5% 2% 5% 5% 1% 0% High School Students in the U.S. Who Have Had Sexual Intercourse by Race/Ethnicity (Selected Years) 1991-2011 Source: CDC, Youth Risk Behavior Surveys 2001 2011 Percentage of high school students of specified race/ethnicity 60 1991 55 50 45 40 35 Year Total White, non-Hispanic *Had had sexual intercourse in the three months preceding the interview. Black, non-Hispanic Hispanic 2011 2009 2007 2005 2003 2001 1999 1997 1995 1993 1991 30 Source: Child Trends Data Bank, citing CDC Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 30 1991 2001 2011 25 20 15 10 Year Total White, non-Hispanic *Reported using birth control pills at last intercourse. Black, non-Hispanic Hispanic 2011 2009 2007 2005 2003 2001 1999 1997 1995 1993 5 1991 Percentage of sexually active high school students of specified race/ethnicity Birth Control Pill Use* by Sexually Active** High School Students in the U.S. by Race/Ethnicity (Selected Years) 19912011 Source: Child Trends Data Bank, citing CDC Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 75 1991 2001 2011 70 65 60 55 50 2011 2009 2007 2005 2003 2001 1999 1997 1995 40 1993 45 1991 Percentage of sexually active high school students of specified grade Condom Use by Sexually Active* High School Students in the U.S. by Grade (Selected Years) 1991-2011 Year Total 9th grade 10th grade *Had had sexual intercourse in the three months preceding the interview. 11th grade 12th grade Incidence per 100,000 of the total population New HIV Diagnosis in the U.S. by Race 2005-2010 Source: CDC, HIV Surveillance Reports 70 2005 2007 2010 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Year White Hispanic/Latino Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander Multiple races Black/African American Asian American Indian/Alaska Native Incidence per 100,000 of the total population New Male HIV Diagnosis in the U.S. by Race 2004-2010 Source: CDC, HIV Surveillance Reports 160 2004 2007 2010 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 2004 2005 2006 White Hispanic/Latino Asian American Indian/Alaska Native 2007 Year 2008 2009 2010 Black/African American Asian/Pacific Islander Native Hawaiian/other Pacific Islander Multiple races Incidence per 100,000 of the total population New Female HIV Diagnosis in the U.S. by Race 2004-2010 Source: CDC, HIV Surveillance Reports 70 2004 2007 2010 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 2004 2005 2006 White Hispanic/Latino Asian American Indian/Alaska Native 2007 Year 2008 2009 2010 Black/African American Asian/Pacific Islander Native Hawaiian/other Pacific Islander Multiple races High School Students Who Seriously Considered Attempting Suicide by Race/Ethnicity in the U.S. (Selected Years) 1991-2011 Source: CDC Youth Risk Behavior Surveys, via ChildTrends Data Bank 2001 2011 30 25 20 15 10 5 Year White, non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic Hispanic 2011 2009 2007 2005 2003 2001 1999 1997 1995 1993 0 1991 Percentage of high school students by specified race/ethnicity 35 1991 High School Males Who Seriously Considered Attempting Suicide by Race/Ethnicity in the U.S. (Selected Years) 1991-2011 Source: CDC Youth Risk Behavior Surveys, via ChildTrends Data Bank 2001 2011 20 15 10 5 Year White, non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic Hispanic 2011 2009 2007 2005 2003 2001 1999 1997 1995 1993 0 1991 Percentage of high school males by specified race/ethnicity 25 1991 Male High School Students Who Felt Sad or Hopeless* by Race/Ethnicity in the U.S. (Selected Years) 1999-2011 31 1999 2005 2011 29 27 25 23 21 19 2011 2009 2007 2005 2003 2001 17 1999 Percentage of male high school students by specified race/ethnicity Source: CDC Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Reports, via ChildTrends Data Bank Year Male high school students White, non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic *Students felt so sad almost every day for two or more weeks in a row that they stopped doing some usual activities. Hispanic Female High School Students Who Felt Sad or Hopeless* by Race/Ethnicity in the U.S. (Selected Years) 1999-2011 Percentage of female high school students by specified race/ethnicity Source: CDC Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Reports, via ChildTrends Data Bank 48 1999 2005 2011 46 44 42 40 38 36 34 32 2011 2009 2007 2005 2003 2001 1999 30 Year Female high school students White, non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic *Students felt so sad almost every day for two or more weeks in a row that they stopped doing some usual Hispanic
