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Biology Review Booklet
Instructions: Answer all the questions found in this booklet during class. Use the notes you have
taken since the beginning of the year on your iPad or binder. Make sure to complete the entire
booklet since these questions will prepare you for your final exam!
My notes
Questions I could not answer with my notes:
Topics I do not understand well:
Introduction: The study of life
1. What is biology? ______________________________________________________________
2. Give the eight characteristics of life. A living organism …
1._______________________ ______________ 2. ____________________________________
3._______________________ ______________ 4. ____________________________________
5._______________________ ______________ 6. ____________________________________
7._______________________ ______________ 8. ____________________________________
3. What are autotrophs? How else are they called? Give an example.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
4. What is a niche? Give an example.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
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Unit 1: Ecology
5. What does ecology mean?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
6. In ecology, the Earth is organized into six levels. Name the levels from SMALLEST to LARGEST.
1._________________________ 2. _______________________ 3.________________________
4._________________________ 5. _______________________ 6.________________________
7. What are biotic and abiotic factors? Give examples of each.
biotic factors:__________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
abiotic factors:__________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
8. What is the difference between a biological community and an ecosystem?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
9. What is a biome? Give 5 examples.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
10. What is the difference between a food chain and a food web? Draw examples.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
11. What is a trophic level?
______________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
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12. Name the two factors that determine how long our Earth’s resources will last.
1.____________________________________________________________________________
2.____________________________________________________________________________
13. Explain why every time you ride in a car, you are being transported by energy that came from
the sun.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Unit 2: The cell
14. What is the definition of a cell?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
15. Name 5 parts of your body that do not have cells.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
16. Who was the first one to observe cells under a microscope? What did he use?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
17. What is another word for “small rooms?” ___________________________________________
18. Name the three principles of the cell theory.
1.____________________________________________________________________________
2.____________________________________________________________________________
3.____________________________________________________________________________
19. Draw a plasma membrane. Include the phospholipids, cholesterol, and proteins. Explain the
selective permeability of the plasma membrane.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
20. What is an organelle?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
21. Label all the cell’s organelles.
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22. Fill in the tabel below.
Organelle
Function
Location
Lysosome
Mitochondria
Nucleolus
Ribosome
Golgi Apparatus
Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum (ER)
Smooth ER
Cytoplasm
23. What are the three domains of life?
1._________________________ 2. _______________________ 3.________________________
24. Which 2 characteristics must be known to determine the domain of an organism?
1.____________________________________ 2. ______________________________________
25. What are the structural differences between a prokaryote and a eukaryote?
______________________________________________________________________________
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______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
26. Mention the 3 different types of Archaea (also named ________________________) and 1 type
of Bacteria. For each, give an example of an environment they would live in.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Unit 5: Bacteria, Viruses, Protists, and Fungi
27. Using your knowledge about the cell wall that bacteria have, why are most of these organisms
not able to survive very high temperatures?
The cell wall of bacteria contains _______________________ therefore ___________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
28. Draw the shape of cocci, bacilli, and spirilli.
29. The division of a prokaryotic cell into 2 genetically identical cells is called _________________,
while conjugation is the process in which 2 prokaryotes ________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
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30. Label all the structures of the prokaryotic cell.
31. Discuss whether bacteria are beneficial or harmful to people, give examples.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
32. A virus is a nonliving strand of _______________________ within a _____________________.
33. Why are viruses not considered to be alive?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
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34. Explain why some viruses make you sick within a few days while others only make you sick
after months. Use the terms lytic cycle and lysogenic cycle and sketch both cycles.
35. Protists are the "leftover group" of the Eukarya. They are organized in 3 groups based on their
method of obtaining ________________. Name and discuss the groups.
1)____________________________________________________________________________
2)____________________________________________________________________________
3) ___________________________________________________________________________
36. Which of the 3 groups of protists has cellulose in the cell wall? ___________________________
37. Fungi have cell walls with _______________ . Multicellular fungi, such as mushrooms, are
formed with thread-like filaments called ______________________.
38. All fungi are _____________________that are _____________________, since they feed (eat)
on other organisms/organic waste.
39. When fungi feed on a living host, they are called _____________________
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Unit 6: Plants
40. Photosynthesis uses CO2 and H2O to produce which two products? ______________________
41. Where does the process of photosynthesis happen in a plant? ______________________
42. What plant structure allows gas exchange, therefore, allowing photosynthesis to occur?
________________
43. Draw the life cycle of a plant.
Units 2 and 3
44. Which cells undergo cell division?
(a) prokaryotic cells only
(b) eukaryotic cells only
(c) cancer cells only
(d) both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
45. Cell division in eukaryotic cells is a complex process because of
(a) the multiple chromosomes.
(b) the nucleus.
(c) the many organelles.
(d) all of the above.
46. Most routine metabolic processes occur during which phase of the cell cycle? HINT: Which
phase is the longest?
(a) growth phase 1
(b) the S phase
(c) growth phase 2
(d) the M phase
47. Write the correct order of the eukaryotic Cell Cycle starting with G1.
___________________________________________________________________
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48. The correct order of prokaryotic cell division is. HINT: Bacteria don't have a nucleus.
(a) cytokinesis → DNA replication → chromosome segregation.
(b) DNA replication → chromosome segregation → cytokinesis.
(c) growth → DNA replication → mitosis.
(d) DNA replication→ mitosis → cytokinesis.
49. What happens during mitosis?
(a) The nucleus of the cell divides.
(b) The cytoplasm of the cell divides.
(c) The cell divides.
(d) The DNA replicates.
50. Cell division in prokaryotic cells is called
(a) binary fission.
(b) binary fusion.
(c) mitosis.
(d) cytokinesis.
51. After meiosis there are
(a) two haploid cells.
(b) two haploid gametes.
(c) four haploid cells.
(d) four haploid gametes.
52. Which of the following is a form of asexual reproduction?
(a) mitosis
(b) meiosis
(c) binary fission
(d) bubbling
53. Which of the following is true about a zygote? (1) A zygote is the first cell of a new
organism. (2)A human zygote has 23 pairs of chromosomes. (3) A zygote is produced
through fertilization.
(a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 3
(c) 2 and 3
(d) 1, 2, and 3
54. Differences between meiosis I and meiosis II include: Question Type
(a) how the chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell during meiosis I or meiosis II.
(b) the pairing of chromosomes in meiosis I but not meiosis II.
(c) the amount of DNA in a cell at the end of meiosis I or meiosis II.
(d) all of the above
55. Because of when the chromosomes pair up during meiosis, crossing-over must occur during
(a) prophase II.
(b) metaphase II.
(c) prophase I.
(d) anaphase I.
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56. Homologous chromosomes separate during
(a) metaphase I.
(b) anaphase I.
(c) anaphase II.
(d) telophase II.
57. The random distribution of homologous chromosomes during cell division is known as
(a) meiosis.
(b) independent assortment.
(c) genetic variation.
(d) crossing over
58. TT are both dominant alleles.
True
False
59. Tt are both recessive alleles.
True
False
60. tt are both recessive alleles.
True
False
61. TT are both recessive alleles.
True
False
62. TT is heterozygous.
True
False
63. Tt is homozygous
True
False
64. TT is homozygous dominant.
True
False
65. Tt is heterozygous.
True
False
66. If a child inherits the allele pair Tt for height and being tall is dominant, the child will
be...______________________.
67. If a child inherits the allele pair TT for height and being tall is dominant, the child will
be...______________________.
68. If a child inherits the allele pair tt for height and being tall is dominant, the child will
be...______________________.
69. When a trait is EXPRESSED due to an allele pair, it is known as a
_________________________.
70. If a flower has the genotype Rr what color will the flower be if the color Red is dominant and
the color White is recessive? _______________________
71. If a flower has the genotype RR what color will the flower be if the color Red is dominant
and the color White is recessive? ____________________
72. If a flower has the genotype rr what color will the flower be if the color Red is dominant and
the color White is recessive?_____________________
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73. Label the diagram representing Cell Division.
74. Label the Cell Cyle diagram.
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75. Label the Meiosis diagram.
76. What happens during mitosis?
__________________________________________________________________________.
77. How are mitosis and meiosis different?
__________________________________________________________________________.
78. What does mitosis produce?
__________________________________________________________________________.
79. What does meiosis produce?
__________________________________________________________________________.
80. When do homologous chromosomes separate?
__________________________________________________________________________.
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Unit 9: The human body
81. Place the human body’s levels of organization in the correct order (from smallest to largest).
______________________________________________________________________________
82. How many organ systems does the human body have? ________________________________
83. The body parts of the integumentary system are ______________________________________
84. What are the 3 layers of the skin called (from outside to inside)?
1. _____________________ 2.________________________ 3.___________________________
85. Name all the indicated structures.
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86. What are the 4 functions of the integumentary system?
1. ___________________________________ 2._______________________ _______________
3. ___________________________________ 4._______________________ _______________
87. The skull, vertebrate column, ribs, and sternum belong to the____________ skeleton, while the
appendicular skeleton contains the_______________________ ______________________
88. What are the two organ systems that work together to move your body?
1. ___________________________________ 2._______________________ _______________
89. Bone marrow in bones is important for the production of _______________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
90. Skeletal muscles (= ___________________ muscles) can be controlled; involuntary muscles,
such as _________________________(hollow organs) and ________________________ (heart)
cannot be controlled consciously.
91. What substanes does the circulatory system carry around the body and what is their function?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
92. Explain how the three types of blood vessels work together.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
93. Why do arteries need to be so strong?
______________________________________________________________________________
94. Why do capillaries need to have thin walls?
______________________________________________________________________________
95. What are the two loops the blood makes in the body? Draw both.
1.____________________________________________________________________________
2.____________________________________________________________________________
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96. Label all the indicated parts of the heart.
97. Fill in the tabel about the 4 blood groups.
has marker A?
has marker B?
can donate to
can receive from
A
B
AB
O
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98. What blood group is the "universal donor" (can donate to all blood group types). ____________
99. Why can you not receive type A blood if you have anti-A antibodies?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
100. About how many bones do we have in our body? What is the use of the skeletal system?
_____________________________________________________________________________.
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