LAB MANUAL FOR CCNA
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CONTENTS:
1. Cisco Router Architecture
1.1 Block Diagram
1.2 Architectural Components of a Router
1.3 Memory Details of a Typical Cisco Router
2. Cisco Router (25xx series) and its interfaces
2.1 Interfaces Explained
2.2 Console Port Configuration
3. Cisco 2610 Router
3.1 Overview
3.2 Front Panel Description
4. Introduction to Cisco IOS
4.1 Objective Test 1
5. Command Line Interface (CLI)
5.1 User Mode
5.2 Privileged Mode
5.3 Configuration Mode
6. Basic Exercises
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
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Lab Exercise 1 : Entering user EXEC prompt on a Router and Exit
Lab Exercise 2 : Introduction to Basic User Interface
Lab Exercise 3 : Basic Show commands
Short Form Commands
Objective Test 2
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7. Routing IOS Fundamental Exercises
7.1 Lab Exercise 1 : Banner MOTD : Setting Message of the Day
7.2 Lab Exercise 2 : Setting Host Name
7.3 Lab Exercise 3 : Router Interface Configuration
7.4 Lab Exercise 4 : Setting Bandwidth on an Interface
7.5 Lab Exercise 5 : Setting Console Password
7.6 Lab Exercise 6 : Setting Telnet Password
7.7 Lab Exercise 7 : Setting Auxiliary Password to Router
7.8 Lab Exercise 8 : Implementing exec-timeout command
7.9 Lab Exercise 9 : Copy Running Configuration to Startup Configuration
7.10 Lab Exercise 10 : Router CDP Configuration
7.11 Lab Exercise 11 : Show CDP Configuration
7.12 Lab Exercise 12 : Show CDP neighbors
7.13 Lab Exercise 13 : Bringing up a Router Interface
7.14 Lab Exercise 14 : Set Keepalive Timers
7.15 Lab Exercise 15 : Set Hostname and MOTD Banner
7.16 Lab Exercise 16 : Console and Line Passwords
7.17 Lab Exercise 17 : Host Table
7.18 Lab Exercise 18 : Viewing ARP Entries
7.19 Lab Exercise 19 : Telnet
7.20 Lab Exercise 20 : TFTP
7.21 Objective Test 3
8. Exercises on Routing Fundamentals
8.1 Lab Exercise 1 : Introduction to IP
8.3 Lab Exercise 2 : Configuring Static routes
8.4 Lab Exercise 3 : Implement and Verify Static Routes
8.5 Lab Exercise 4 : Configuring Default route
8.6 Lab Exercise 5 : Implement and Verify Default-Routes
8.7 Lab Exercise 6 : Configuring Loopback Interface
8.8 Lab Exercise 7 : Connectivity Tests with Traceroute
8.2 Lab Exercise 8 : Configuring RIP
8.9 Lab Exercise 9 : Basic EIGRP Routing
8.10 Objective Test 4
9. Exercises on RIP/EIGRP Routing Scenarios
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
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Lab Exercise 1 : RIP Routing Configuration Scenario
Lab Exercise 2 : Viewing IP RIP Information
Lab Exercise 3 : Configuring RIP v2
Lab Exercise 4 : RIP2 Routes
Lab Exercise 5 : EIGRP Routing Configuration Scenario
Lab Exercise 6 : EIGRP troubleshooting Lab Scenario
Lab Exercise 7 : EIGRP Show Commands
Objective Test 5
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10. Exercises on OSPF
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
10.5
10.6
Lab Exercise 1 : OSPF Configuration in Single Area
Lab Exercise 2 : OSPF Troubleshooting Lab Scenario-1
Lab Exercise 3 : OSPF Troubleshooting Lab Scenario-2
Lab Exercise 4 : OSPF Troubleshooting Lab Scenario-3
Lab Exercise 5 : OSPF Routing Configuration Scenario
Objective Test 6
11. Exercises on Access-Lists
11.1 Lab Exercise 1 : Creating a Standard Access List
11.2 Lab Exercise 2 : Applying an Access List to an Interface
11.3 Lab Exercise 3 : View Access List Entries
11.4 Lab Exercise 4 : Standard Access List Scenario Lab 1
11.5 Lab Exercise 5 : Standard Access List Scenario Lab 2
11.6 Lab Exercise 6 : Router Access List Configuration
11.7 Lab Exercise 7 : Configuring and Verifying Standard Access List
11.8 Lab Exercise 8 : Configuring and Verifying Extended Access List
11.9 Lab Exercise 9 : Configuring and Implementing Extended Access List
11.10 Lab Exercise 10 : Verifying Extended Access-Lists
11.11 Lab Exercise 11 : Named Access-Lists
11.12 Objective Test 7
12. Exercises on Network Address Translation
12.1
12.2
12.3
12.4
12.5
12.6
12.7
Lab Exercise 1 : NAT Scenario 1
Lab Exercise 2 : NAT Scenario 2
Lab Exercise 3 : NAT Scenario 3
Lab Exercise 4 : Dynamic NAT Scenario-1
Lab Exercise 5 : NAT Troubleshooting Scenario-1
Lab Exercise 6 : NAT and PAT
Objective Test 8
13. Exercises on DHCP
13.1
13.2
13.3
13.4
Lab Exercise 1 : Configuring cisco router as a DHCP Server
Lab Exercise 2 : DHCP client configuration
Lab Exercise 3 : Configuring two DHCP clients and DHCP verification commands
Objective Test 9
14. Exercises on PPP and ISDN
14.1 Lab Exercise 1 : PPP Configuration
14.2 Lab Exercise 2 : Configuring ISDN using BRI
14.3 Lab Exercise 3 : Configuring ISDN using BRI-Routing
15. Exercises on Frame-Relay
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15.1
15.2
15.3
15.4
15.5
15.6
Lab Exercise 1 : Configuring Frame-Relay without sub-interfaces
Lab Exercise 2 : Configuring Frame-Relay with point-to-point sub-interfaces
Lab Exercise 3 : Frame-Relay with sub-interfaces-Routing
Lab Exercise 4 : Frame-Relay Show Commands
Lab Exercise 5 : Frame-Relay Full Mesh Topology
Objective Test 10
16. Exercises on IPv6
16.1 Lab Exercise 1 : Enabling IPv6 on a cisco router
16.2 Lab Exercise 2 : Enabling IPv6 on a cisco router interface
16.3 Lab Exercise 3 : Configuring IPv6 on a cisco router interface with IPv6 address in
EUI format
16.4 Lab Exercise 4 : Configuring IPv6 on a cisco router interface with IPv6 address in
general form
16.5 Lab Exercise 5 : Configuring loopback interface with IPv6 address
16.6 Lab Exercise 6 : Configuring IPv6 on two router interfaces connected directly and
pinging the distant interface using console
16.7 Lab Exercise 7 : Traceroute lab
16.8 Objective Test 11
17. Exercises on IPv6 Routing Protocols
17.1 Lab Exercise 1 : Enabling RIPng on a cisco router interface
17.2 Lab Exercise 2 : Enabling RIPng on two routers and pinging between them
17.3 Lab Exercise 3 : Entering RIPng router configuration mode and setting global
parameters on a cisco router
17.4 Lab Exercise 4 : Configuring EIGRPv6 on a router interface
17.5 Lab Exercise 5 : Configuring EIGRPv6 on two routers and pinging between them
17.6 Lab Exercise 6 : Enabling OSPF for IPv6 on a cisco router interface
17.7 Lab Exercise 7 : Configuring OSPF on two router interfaces
17.8 Lab Exercise 8 : General IPv6 configuration on 2610 series router
17.9 Objective Test 12
18. Exercises on BGP
18.1 Lab Exercise 1: Basic BGP Configuration
18.2 Lab Exercise 2: Setting BGP attributes
18.3 Lab Exercise 3: Setting the BGP neighbor password
18.4 Lab Exercise 4: To disable the peer
18.5 Lab Exercise 5: Basic Configuration of a Peer Group
18.6 Lab Exercise 6: Configuring Multi Exit Discriminator Metric
19. Exercises on Route Redistribution
19.1 Lab Exercise 1: Route Redistribution for RIP
19.2 Lab Exercise 2: Route Redistribution for EIGRP
19.3 Lab Exercise 3: Route Redistribution for OSPF
19.4 Lab Exercise 4: Redistribution between EIGRP and OSPF
19.5 Lab Exercise 5: Redistribution between RIP and EIGRP
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20. Cisco Switch Architecture
20.1 Cisco 2950 Switch
20.2 Management Options
20.3 Cisco 1912-12 Port Switch
21. Cisco Switch IOS
21.1
21.2
21.3
21.4
21.5
21.6
21.7
21.8
21.9
Logging into the switch
Lab Exercise 1 : Introduction to Switch
Lab Exercise 2 : Switch 2950 Console Password Assignment
Lab Exercise 3 : Switch 2950 VTY Password Assignment
Lab Exercise 4 : Switch 2950 – Setting Privileged password
Lab Exercise 5 : Enable Fast Ethernet Interface on a 2950 Switch
Lab Exercise 6 : Initial Switch Configuration
Lab Exercise 7 : Basic Switch Interface Configuration
Lab Exercise 8 : Catalyst 2950 Switch Configuration
22. Exercises on Spanning Tree Protocol
22.1
22.2
22.3
22.4
22.5
22.6
22.7
Lab Exercise 1 : Enabling STP
Lab Exercise 2 : Configuring Root Switch
Lab Exercise 3 : Configuring Port-Priority
Lab Exercise 4 : Configuring Switch Priority of a VLAN
Lab Exercise 5 : Configuring STP Timers
Lab Exercise 6 : Verifying STP
Objective Test 13
23. Exercises on Switch Configuration and VLAN
23.1 Lab Exercise 1 : Basic Switch IP Configuration
23.2 Lab Exercise 2 : Configuring 2950 Switch vlan
23.3 Lab Exercise 3 : 2950 Trunking Configuration
23.4 Lab Exercise 4 : Troubleshooting 2950 Switch
23.5 Lab Exercise 5 : Creating and Deleting 2950 VLAN's
23.6 Lab Exercise 6 : Configuring VTP on 2950 Switch
23.7 Lab Exercise 7 : Configuring VTP with a VTP Client
23.8 Lab Exercise 8 : Troubleshooting lab with non-matching domains
23.9 Lab Exercise 9 : Troubleshooting lab with trunk functionality
23.10 Lab Exercise 10 : VLAN Scenario
23.11 Lab Exercise 11 : VTP Scenario
23.12 Lab Exercise 12 : VLANs and Trunking
23.13 Lab Exercise 13 : Routing between VLANs (Router on a stick)
23.14 Objective Test 14
24. Final Exam
24.1 Objective Test Final Exam
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25. Appendix
25.1 Answer Keys for Objective Test 1
25.2 Answer Keys for Objective Test 2
25.3 Answer Keys for Objective Test 3
25.4 Answer Keys for Objective Test 4
25.5 Answer Keys for Objective Test 5
25.6 Answer Keys for Objective Test 6
25.7 Answer Keys for Objective Test 7
25.8 Answer Keys for Objective Test 8
25.9 Answer Keys for Objective Test 9
25.10 Answer Keys for Objective Test 10
25.11 Answer Keys for Objective Test 11
25.12 Answer Keys for Objective Test 12
25.13 Answer Keys for Objective Test 13
25.14 Answer Keys for Objective Test 14
25.15 Answer Keys for Final Exam
26. Icons used in the Manual
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1. CISCO ROUTER ARCHITECTURE
1.1. Block Diagram
1.2. Architectural Components of a Router
1.2.1 Processor
The CPU used here is typically Motorola 68030 CISC. The following are the important
characteristics of the CPU.
• 32 bit bus, 20 MHz clock (25 MHz on some platforms).
• 256 Bytes internal Data Cache, 256 Bytes internal Instruction Cache, both direct mapped.
1.2.2 System Control Logic
System Control Logic is used to help the main processor with device control, interrupt
handling, counting and timing, data transfer, minimal First In, First Out (FIFO) buffering, and
communication with network interfaces and Dynamic RAM (DRAM).
1.2.3 Buses
CPU use Buses to access various components of the system. In addition, Buses are used to
transfer instructions and data to or from specified memory addresses.
CPU Bus: It is used for high speed operations with direct Processor access.
System Bus: This allows communication with Ethernet/Token Ring controllers, WAN port
interfaces, and so on.
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1.2.4. Dual UART
Dual Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter (UART) provides the necessary user
interface. It has one RS232 port, Data Communications Equipment (DCE) (for Console port)
RJ45, and Data Terminal Equipment (DTE) (for Auxiliary port) RJ45.
1.3 Memory Details of a Typical Cisco 25xx Series Routers
1.3.1 DRAM
This memory is analogous to the memory in PCs. DRAM is a fast memory and loses its
contents when the system is restarted (power cycled).
The DRAM has Main Processor Memory and Shared Input/Output (I/O) memory.
• Main
Processor Memory is used to hold routing tables, fast switching cache, running
configurations, and so on. It can take unused shared I/O memory, if needed.
• Shared
I/O memory is used for temporary storage of packets in system buffers.
1.3.2 Flash
Flash memory is typically located on a processor board SIMM card. Flash is a permanent
storage for the Cisco IOS software image, backup configurations, and any other files. Cisco
IOS software is run from the flash memory, these image files are defined as re-locatable,
because the Cisco IOS software image can be executed from different locations in the Flash.
1.3.3 NVRAM
NVRAM is a Non-Volatile RAM used as permanent storage and this memory is re-writeable.
NVRAM is used to store the startup configuration. This is the configuration file that IOS reads
after the router OS is loaded and running. It is a fast non volatile memory and does not lose
contents when the router is switched off.
1.3.4 BOOT ROM
This refers to erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM) and is used to
permanently store the startup diagnostic code (ROM Monitor), and RxBoot. Boot ROM size is
2 MB. This type of memory consists of one or more memory chips on a router's processor
board. This code runs when the router starts.
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2. CISCO ROUTER (25xx series) AND ITS INTERFACES
A 2501 Cisco router is considered for the purpose of understanding typical Cisco router interfaces. Please
note that this is an entry level router, and the interfaces may be quite complex for high end routers.
2.1 Interfaces Explained
Console port: This is used for connecting a console to the router. The console terminal will have
direct connection to the router, and you will be able to access all router interfaces and configure
the same. When you receive a new router, you need to use the console port to configure it.
Auxiliary port: Auxiliary port is used to access the router remotely using a modem. For this
purpose, you need to have the auxiliary port configured before hand.
Synchronous ports: 2501 has two synchronous ports as shown in the figure. These ports can be
used to connect to any serial line.
Ethernet AUI port: This port is used for connecting to the LAN.
2.2 Console port configuration
The console and auxiliary ports on Cisco IOS® routers are asynchronous serial ports. The
console port and the auxiliary port are configured as data terminal equipment (DTE). 2500, 2600,
and 3600 Series Routers use RJ-45 connectors on both console and auxiliary ports. You need to
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use appropriate adapter to connect to the external console or modem as required.
This table shows the console port configuration for the RJ-45 connector:
Console Port(DTE)
RJ-45 to DB-25
Terminal Adapter
Console Device
RTS
1
5
CTS
DTR
2
6 (8?)
DSR
TxD
3
3
RxD
GND
4
7
GND
RxD
6
2
TxD
DSR
7
20
DTR
CTS
8
4
RTS
3. Cisco 2610 Router
3.1 Overview:
Unlike Cisco 2500 routers, the 2600 series routers are modular access routers with LAN and
WAN connections that can be configured by means of interchangeable modules and WAN
interface cards. The available configuration options for 2610/2620 router are given below:
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Model
Ethernet
Fast Ethernet Network
(10BASE-T) (10/100)
Module
Slot
WAN
Advanced
Interface Integration
Card Slots Module Slots
Cisco 2610
1
--
1
2
1
Cisco 2620
--
1
1
2
1
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The rear panel of the router is shown in the figure below:
Note that the Advanced Integration Module Slots (AIM Slot) is located on the system board and
you need to open the cover to access this slot. AIMs are installed by plugging into internal
connectors in the router, and they require no additional external interfaces or connections. The
Network Module slot can be used with any of the suitable cards, like Cisco Interface Module 8port ISDN-BRI Modem to suit specific requirements.
3.2 Front panel Description :
The front panel of a Cisco 2600 router consists of three LEDs as described below:
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LED
Description
Power
On if the router is switched ON and operational.
RPS (Redundant
Power Supply)
Off - No RPS is attached.
On - RPS is attached and operational.
Blinking - RPS is attached, but has a failure.
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Activity
Off - No network activity is detected (In Cisco IOS
software)
Blink (500 ms ON, 500 ms OFF) - In ROMMON, no
errors.
Blink (500 ms ON, 500 ms OFF, 2 seconds between
codes) - In ROMMON, error detected.
Blink (less than 500 ms)—In the Cisco IOS software,
the blink rate reflects the level of activity.
The difference between the 2610 and 2620 is the type of Ethernet port. 2620 has a fast Ethernet
port whereas 2610 has 10baseT Ethernet port.
1
WIC Slot 1 (Serial 0/1)
6
Ethernet 0/1 (Optionally: Token Ring 0/0)
2
WIC Slot 0 (Serial 0/0)
7
Network Module Port 0 (Serial 1/0)
3
Auxiliary Port
8
Network Module Port 1 (Serial 1/1)
4
Console Port
9
Network Module Port 2 (Serial 1/2)
5
Ethernet 0/0
10
Network Module Port 3 (Serial 1/3)
4. INTRODUCTION TO CISCO IOS
Like a personal computer, a router is based on a CPU that matches the required performance and capabilities
of the router. For example, the router 2501 uses Motorola 68030 processor on a system motherboard.
The Cisco IOS software is network system software that runs on Cisco routers and switches. It is used to
configure, monitor, and troubleshoot the devices that are connected to the system.
When a router is switched ON, the bootstrap software (stored in Boot ROM) executes and searches for a
valid Cisco IOS software image. The source of the Cisco IOS software image can be read from: Flash
memory or a Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) server.
The choice among the two is determined by the configuration register setting. The factory-default setting for
the configuration register is 0x2102, which indicates that the router should attempt to load a Cisco IOS
software image from Flash memory.
In all our exercises, it is assumed that the router boots from the Flash memory.
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Now, connect the console port of router to the work station (WS0)
Once you are connected to the router, you will be prompted with “Enable” prompt.
4.1 Objective Test 1 : Answer the following Questions
1. Where does the bootable IOS image (bootstrap code) is stored on a Cisco router?
a) RAM
b) ROM
c) Flash Memory
d) NVRAM
2. Where does the fully functional IOS image is stored in a Cisco router?
a) RAM
b) ROM
c) Flash Memory
d) NVRAM
3. Which of the following are internal configuration components of a Cisco Router? [Select all
that apply]
a) RAM/DRAM
b) ROM
c) NVRAM
d) Flash Memory
4. Which command will load the Cisco router configuration into RAM? [Select 2]
a) copy run start
b) copy star run
c) wri mem
d) reload
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5. CISCO IOS COMMAND LINE INTERFACE
Cisco IOS has three command modes, each with access to different command sets.
5.1 User mode: This is the mode a user has access to after logging into the router. The user mode
is identified by the > prompt following the host name. The user has access to some basic
commands in this mode. The system cannot be configured or restarted from this mode.
5.2 Privileged mode: This is the mode where users can view the system configuration, and enter
configuration mode from this mode. All the commands that are available in user mode are also
available in privileged mode. Privileged mode is identified by the # prompt following the host
name. To enter privileged mode, one needs to type “enable” at the User mode prompt. If an
enable password or enable secret password has been set, you need to enter the password or secret
password to enter the privileged mode. The difference between a password and secret password is
that the secret password uses stronger encryption and not stored in as plain text.
5.3 Configuration mode: This mode allows users to configure the router. To enter into the
configuration mode, the user should enter the command “configure terminal” from privileged
mode. Global configuration mode is identified by the (config)# prompt following the host name.
After entering global configuration mode, you can enter any sub-mode depending on the
configuration task. For example, if you want to configure an IP address on router’s serial
interface, you need to enter (config-if)# sub mode. To exit configuration mode, the user can enter
end or press Ctrl-Z.
By entering the command ? at any point shows the available commands at that level. The ? can
also be used in the middle of a command to show possible completion options.
6. BASIC EXERCISES
6.1 : Lab Exercise 1 : Entering User EXEC prompt on a Router, and exit
Description: A basic exercise, that shows how to enter into privileged EXEC prompt from user
mode prompt, and exit from the same.
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Instructions:
1. Enter into privileged mode
2. Get back to the user mode
R1>
R1>enable
R1#disable
R1>
Back
6.2 : Lab Exercise 2 : Introduction to Basic User Interface
Description: This exercise helps to get familiar with the user mode, privileged mode, CLI and
basic commands.
Instructions:
1. Press enter to get the router prompt
2. In the user mode, type the command ? used to view all the commands in user mode
3. Enter into privileged mode
4. In the privileged mode, type the command ? to view all the commands in privileged mode
5. The command show ? displays all the show commands like show access-list, show banner,
show cdp, show hosts, show flash, show protocols etc
6.The command show running-config displays the running configuration
7. Press space bar to view more information
8. The command “exit or disable” logs out the router
R1>
R1>?
R1>enable
R1#
R1#?
R1#show ?
R1#show running-config
R1#exit
Or
R1#disable
Back
6.3 : Lab Exercise 3 : Basic show commands
Description: A basic exercise to get familiar and understand the various show commands
available in the privileged mode.
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Instructions:
1. Enter into privileged mode
2. Show running-config displays the active configuration in memory. The currently active
configuration script running on the router is referred to as the running-config in the router’s CLI
3. Show flash memory. Flash memory is a special kind of memory that contains the operating
system image file(s) on the router
4. Show history command displays all the past commands still present in router’s memory
5. Show protocols command displays the protocols running on your router
6. Show version command displays critical information, such as router platform type, operating
system revision, operating system last boot time and file location, amount of memory, number of
interfaces, and configuration register
7. Show clock command displays the router’s clock
8. Show hosts command displays list of hosts and all their interfaces IP Addresses
9. Show users command displays list of users who are connected to the router
10. Show interfaces command displays detailed information about each interface
R1>
R1>enable
R1#show running-config
R1#show flash
R1#show history
R1#show protocols
R1#show version
R1#show clock
R1#show hosts
R1#show interfaces
Back
6.4 Short form commands
1. copy running-config startup-config command can be interpreted and used in short form as
“copy run start” command.
2. show running-config command can be interpreted and used in short form as “show run”
command.
3. show startup-config command can be interpreted and used in short form as “show start”
command.
4. copy running-config tftp command can be interpreted and used in short form as "copy run tftp"
command.
5. copy tftp startup-config command can be interpreted and used in short form as "copy tftp start"
command.
Note: We can also use UP ARROW and DOWN ARROW keys to get the previously typed
command in the simulator.
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6.5 Objective Test 2 : Answer the following Questions
1. You want to find the IOS version your router is running. Which command shows this
information?
a) show protocol
b) show interface
c) show processes
d) show version
2. You intend to connect your PC directly to a Cisco router. Which of the following allow you to
connect to the router directly?
a) Connect PC’s COM port to the router’s console port using a patch cable.
b) Connect PC’s COM port to the router’s console port using a straight through
cable
c) Connect PC’s COM port to the router’s console port using a rollover cable
d) Connect PC’s Ethernet port to the Router’s Ethernet port using a straight
through cable.
3. Which of the following can be used to view the previous command you entered into a Cisco
router? [Select 2]
a) CTRL+F1
b) The Down Arrow
c) The Up Arrow
d) CTRL + P
4. You are working in privileged mode (at # prompt). You want to get back to user mode. Which
command would you type at the privileged mode
prompt?
a) quit
b) exit
c) disable
d) end
5. What is the command used for copying the configuration from NVRAM to a running RAM?
a) copy startup running
b) copy startup-config running-config
c) copy running-config startup-config
d) write memory
6. Which of the following Cisco router components is used for storing a single startup
configuration file?
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a) RAM
b) ROM
c) Flash Memory
d) NVRAM
7. The output of “show interface s0/0” is given below. The output points to some problem with
the interface. What is the likely problem?
RouterA#show interface s0/0
Serial0/0 is down, line protocol is down Hardware is QUICC Serial Internet address is
213.5.3.7/16 MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1544 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255 …
irrelevant output omitted…
a) There is a protocol mismatch between the communication partners on the
interface.
b) There is some Layer 1 problem
c) The bandwidth was not set correctly
d) The IP address is illegal
8. Which cable do you use for connecting a Cisco router console port to a workstation?
a) A straight-through cable
b) A cross-over cable
c) Patch cable
d) Rolled cable
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7. ROUTING IOS FUNDAMENTAL EXERCISES
7.1 : Lab Exercise 1 : Banner MOTD-Setting message of the da
Description: This exercise helps in understanding the procedure of setting message of the day
and the show banner command . Note that the banner is set in a single command line here. You
can also use multi-line banner motd command.
Instructions:
1. Enter into privileged mode
2. Enter into global Configuration Mode
3. Set banner to: "Welcome to local host". Starting and ending character of the banner should be
"Z" (Do not use quotes)
4. Use show banner command to view the banner that has been set
R1>enable
R1#configure terminal
R1(config)#banner motd Z Welcome to local host Z
R1(config)#exit
R1#show banner
Back
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7.2 : Lab Exercise 2 : Setting Host Name
Description: This basic exercise illustrates the steps required to set a hostname to a router.
Instructions:
1. Enter into privileged mode
2. Enter into global Configuration Mode
3. Set hostname as cisco
R1>enable
R1#configure terminal
R1(config)#hostname cisco
Back
7.3 : Lab Exercise 3 : Router Interface Configuration
Description: In this lab, you will learn to enable interfaces on a router i.e, configure Serial 0 and
Ethernet 0 interfaces on a router with specified IP Address and Subnet Mask.
Instructions:
1. Enter into privileged mode
2. Enter into global Configuration Mode
3. Set IP Address of Serial 0 as 196.20.32.15 and Subnet Mask as 255.255.255.5
4. Set IP Address of Ethernet 0 as 195.20.32.10 and Subnet Mask as 255.255.255.10
R1>enable
R1#configure terminal
R1(config)#interface serial 0
R1(config-if)#ip address 196.20.32.15 255.255.255.5
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#interface ethernet 0
R1(config-if)#ip address 195.20.32.10 255.255.255.10
Back
7.4 : Lab Exercise 4 : Setting Bandwidth on an interface
Description: Bandwidth refers to the rate at which data is transferred over the communication
link. You setup the bandwidth on a given interface (interface serial 0) to a specified value (64
kbps). You also set the clockrate to 64000. Note that bandwidth is represented in kbps whereas
clock rate is entered in bps.
Syntax: bandwidth (interface):
The command bandwidth <kilobits> will set and communicate the bandwidth value for an
interface to higher-level protocols.
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Ex: bandwidth 64 will set the bandwidth to 64 kbps. Use no form of the command to set the
bandwidth to default value.
Instructions:
1. Enter to serial 0 mode
2. Set bandwidth of serial 0 as 64 kbps
3. Set clockrate as 64000 bps
R1>enable
R1#configure terminal
R1(config)#interface serial 0
R1(config-if)#bandwidth 64
R1(config-if)#clock rate 64000
Back
7.5 : Lab Exercise 5 : Setting Console Password
Not Available in Demo Version
7.6 : Lab Exercise 6 : Setting Telnet Password
Not Available in Demo Version
7.7 : Lab Exercise 7 : Setting Auxiliary Password to Router
Not Available in Demo Version
7.8 : Lab Exercise 8 : Implementing exec-timeout command
Not Available in Demo Version
7.9 : Lab Exercise 9 : Copy Running Configuration to Startup Configuration
Not Available in Demo Version
7.10 : Lab Exercise 10 : Router CDP Configuration
Not Available in Demo Version
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7.11 : Lab Exercise 11 : Show CDP configuration
Not Available in Demo Version
7.12 : Lab Exercise 12 : Show CDP Neighbors
Not Available in Demo Version
7.13 : Lab Exercise 13 : Bringing-up a router Interface
Not Available in Demo Version
7.14 : Lab Exercise 14 : Set Keepalive Timers
Not Available in Demo Version
7.15 : Lab Exercise 15 : Set Hostname and MOTD Banner
Not Available in Demo Version
7.16 : Lab Exercise 16 : Console and Line Passwords
Not Available in Demo Version
7.17 : Lab Exercise 17 : Host Table
Not Available in Demo Version
7.18 : Lab Exercise 18 : Viewing ARP Entries
Not Available in Demo Version
7.19 : Lab Exercise 19 : Telnet
Not Available in Demo Version
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7.20 : Lab Exercise 20 : TFTP
Not Available in Demo Version
7.21 Objective Test 3 : Answer the following Questions
Not Available in Demo Version
8. EXERCISES ON ROUTING FUNDAMENTALS
8.1 : Lab Exercise 1 : Introduction to IP
Description: This lab exercise is to learn assigning IP address to routers and pinging between
them to test connectivity
Instructions:
1. Connect to router R1, configure its terminal and set its hostname to Router1
2. Enter interface configuration mode for Ethernet 0 interface and serial 0 interface and set its IP
addresses to 10.1.10.2/24, 172.16.20.1/24 and enable the interfaces
3. Connect to router R2, configure its terminal and set its hostname to Router2
4. Enter interface configuration mode for Ethernet 0 interface and set its IP address to
10.1.10.1/24 and enable the interface
5. Connect to router R3, configure its terminal and set its hostname to Router3
6. Enter interface configuration mode for serial 0 interface and set its ip address to 172.16.20.2/24
and enable the interface
7. Ping Router2’s Ethernet interface and Router3’s serial 0 interface from Router1
8. Use the command show ip interface brief to verify that the lines and protocols are up for all
Router1’s interfaces
9. Display Router1’s running configuration to verify that the IP addresses appear
10. Display detailed IP information about each interface on Router1
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R1>enable
R1#configure terminal
R1(config)#hostname Router1
Router1(config)#
Router1(config)#interface ethernet 0
Router1(config-if)#
Router1(config-if)#ip address 10.1.10.2 255.255.255.0
Router1(config-if)#no shutdown
Router1(config-if)#exit
Router1(config)#interface serial 0
Router1(config-if)#ip address 172.16.20.1 255.255.255.0
Router1(config-if)#no shut
R2>enable
R2#configure terminal
R2(config)#hostname Router2
Router2(config)#
Router2(config)#interface Ethernet 0
Router2(config-if)#ip address 10.1.10.1 255.255.255.0
Router2(config-if)#no shutdown
R3>enable
R3#configure terminal
R3(config)#hostname Router3
Router3(config)#interface serial 0
Router3(config-if)#ip address 172.16.20.2 255.255.255.0
Router3(config-if)#no shutdown
Router1#ping 10.1.10.1
Router1#ping 172.16.20.2
Router1#show ip interface brief
Router1#show running-config
Router1#show ip interface
Back
8.2 : Lab Exercise 2 : Configuring Static Routes
Description: Configure static route 172.16.1.0 mask 255.255.255.0 with next hop address of
172.16.2.1.
Syntax: ip route prefix mask {address|interface} [distance]
prefix mask: It is the ip route prefix and mask for the destination.
address|interface: Use either the next hop router ip or the local router outbound interface used to
reach the destination.
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distance: It is the administrative distance and an optional parameter.
Instructions:
1. Enter into Global Configuration Mode
2. Disable IP Routing
3. Re-enable IP Routing
4. Configure a static route with destination sub network number as 172.16.1.0,
subnet mask as 255.255.255.0,and IP address of the next-hop router in the destination path to
172.16.2.1
R1>enable
R1#configure terminal
R1(config)#no ip routing
R1(config)#ip routing
R1(config)#ip route 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.2.1
Note: “no ip routing” command used in the above exercise is used to remove any
previously configured routing information.
Back
8.3 : Lab Exercise 3 : Implement and Verify Static Routes
Not Available in Demo Version
8.4 : Lab Exercise 4 : Configuring Default Route
Not Available in Demo Version
8.5 : Lab Exercise 5 : Implement and Verify Default Routes
Not Available in Demo Version
8.6 : Lab Exercise 6 : Configuring Loopback Interface
Not Available in Demo Version
8.7 : Lab Exercise 7 : Connectivity Tests with Traceroute
Not Available in Demo Version
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8.8 : Lab Exercise 8 : Configuring RIP
Not Available in Demo Version
8.9 : Lab Exercise 9 : Basic EIGRP Routing
Not Available in Demo Version
8.10 Objective Test 4 : Answer the following Questions
Not Available in Demo Version
9. EXERCISES ON RIP/EIGRP Routing Scenarios
9.1 : Lab Exercise 1 : RIP Routing Configuration Scenario
Description: The purpose of this exercise is to configure RIP on all the devices and test for ping
and trace commands.
The router rip command selects RIP as the routing protocol.
The network command assigns a major network number that the router is directly
connected to. The RIP routing process associates interface addresses with the advertised network
number and begins RIP packet processing on the specified interfaces.
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Instructions:
1. Assign the IP address of all the devices as given below
Device
Interface IP Address
Mask
R1
S0
192.168.1.1
255.255.255.0
S1
192.168.3.1
255.255.255.0
S0
192.168.1.2
255.255.255.0
S1
192.168.2.1
255.255.255.0
S0
192.168.3.2
255.255.255.0
S1
192.168.2.2
255.255.255.0
R2
R3
2. Bring all the interfaces to up
3. Configure RIP on all the devices
4. From R1 issue a ping and trace command to R2 and R3
On R1:
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R1>enable
R1#configure terminal
R1(config)#interface serial 0
R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)# no shutdown
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#interface serial 1
R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)# no shutdown
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#router rip
R1(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0
R1(config-router)#network 192.168.3.0
On R2:
R2>enable
R2#configure terminal
R2(config)#interface serial 0
R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)# no shutdown
R2(config-if)#exit
R2(config)#interface serial 1
R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no shutdown
R2(config-if)#exit
R2(config)#router rip
R2(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0
R2(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0
On R3:
R3>enable
R3#configure terminal
R3(config)#interface serial 0
R3(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.2 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)# no shutdown
R3(config-if)#exit
R3(config)#interface serial 1
R3(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#no shutdown
R3(config-if)#exit
R3(config)#router rip
R3(config-router)#network 192.168.3.0
R3(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0
On R1:
R1#ping 192.168.2.2
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R1#ping 192.168.2.1
R1#trace 192.168.2.2
R1#trace 192.168.2.1
Back
9.2 : Lab Exercise 2 : Viewing IP RIP Information
Not Available in Demo Version
9.3 : Lab Exercise 3 : Configuring RIP V2
Not Available in Demo Version
9.4 : Lab Exercise 4 : RIP2 Routes
Not Available in Demo Version
9.5 : Lab Exercise 5 : EIGRP Routing Configuration Scenario
Not Available in Demo Version
9.6 Lab Exercise 6 : EIGRP troubleshooting Lab Scenario
Not Available in Demo Version
9.7 : Lab Exercise 7 : EIGRP Show Commands
Not Available in Demo Version
9.8 Objective Test 5 : Answer the following Questions
Not Available in Demo Version
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10. Exercises on OSPF
10.1 : Lab Exercise 1 : OSPF Configuration in Single Area
Description: In OSPF single area, you configure OSPF network with an area ID. The
configuration example uses four routers working in area 200.
IP Address Assignment Table
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R1-s0
192.168.1.1
255.255.255.0
R2-w0/s0
192.168.1.2
255.255.255.0
R2-w0/s1
192.168.2.1
255.255.255.0
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R2-w1/s0
192.168.3.1
255.255.255.0
R3-s0
192.168.2.2
255.255.255.0
R4-s0
192.168.3.2
255.255.255.0
Instructions:
1. Based on the given network configuration, use appropriate commands to configure OSPF in
networks 192.168.1.0, 192.168.2.0, 192.168.3.0 within area 200
2. Ping R3 and R4 from R1 and verify connectivity
3. Ping R1 and R3 from R4 and verify connectivity
Note : You need to assign the IP addresses and make the interfaces up (by issuing no shutdown
commands at appropriate interfaces) for all the devices before proceeding with the following
commands.
On R1:
R1(config)#router ospf 1
R1(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 200
R1(config-router)#exit \
R1(config)#exit
R1#
On R2:
R2(config)#router ospf 1
R2(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 200
R2(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 200
R2(config-router)#network 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 200
R2(config-router)#exit
R2(config)#exit
R2#
On R3:
R3(config)#router ospf 1
R3(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 200
R3(config-router)#exit
R3(config)#exit
R3#
On R4:
R4(config)#router ospf 1
R4(config-router)#network 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 200
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R4(config-router)#exit
R4(config)#exit
R4#
On R1:
R1#ping R3
R1#ping R4
On R4:
R4#ping R1
R4#ping R3
Back
10.2 : Lab Exercise 2 : OSPF Troubleshooting Lab Scenario-1
Description: In OSPF single area, you configure OSPF network with an area ID.
The configuration example uses four routers working in area 200.
IP Address Assignment Table
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R1-s0
192.168.1.1
255.255.255.0
R2-w0/s0
192.168.1.2
255.255.255.0
R2-w0/s1
192.168.2.1
255.255.255.0
R2-w1/s0
192.168.3.1
255.255.255.0
R3-s0
192.168.2.2
255.255.255.0
R4-s0
192.168.3.2
255.255.255.0
Instructions:
1. Assign IP Addresses on all the devices as per the above table and bring all the interfaces to up
state
2. On R1 enable OSPF routing with process 1 and area as 200 for the network 192.168.1.0
3. On R2 enable OSPF routing with process 1 and area as 200 for the network 192.168.2.0 and
192.168.3.0
4. On R3 enable OSPF routing with process 1 and area as 200 for the network 192.168.2.0
5. On R4 enable OSPF routing with process 1 and area as 200 for the network 192.168.3.0
6. Ping R1 from R4, you will see ping failure
7. Ping R2 from R4, you will see ping success (This implies connectivity failure from R2 to R1)
8. Issue command on R2 to see OSPF database
9. You will see that there is no link state entry for network 192.168.1.0, so enable OSPF routing
on R2 for this network
10. Ping R1 from R4, you will see ping success
Note : You need to assign the IP addresses and make the interfaces up (by issuing no shutdown
commands at appropriate interfaces) for all the devices before proceeding with the following
commands
On R1:
R1(config)#router ospf 1
R1(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 200
R1(config-router)#exit
R1(config)#exit
R1#
On R2:
R2(config)#router ospf 1
R2(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 200
R2(config-router)#network 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 200
R2(config-router)#exit
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R2(config)#exit
R2#
On R3:
R3(config)#router ospf 1
R3(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 200
R3(config-router)#exit
R3(config)#exit
R3#
On R4:
R4(config)#router ospf 1
R4(config-router)#network 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 200
R4(config-router)#exit
R4(config)#exit
R4#
R4#ping R1
R4#ping R2
On R2:
R2#Show ip ospf database
R2#configure terminal
R2(config)#router ospf 1
R2(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 200
R2(config-router)#exit
R2(config)#exit
R2#
On R4:
R4#ping R1
Back
10.3 : Lab Exercise 3 : OSPF Troubleshooting Lab Scenario-2
Not Available in Demo Version
10.4 : Lab Exercise 4 : OSPF Troubleshooting Lab Scenario-3
Not Available in Demo Version
10.5 : Lab Exercise 5 : OSPF Routing Configuration Scenario
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Not Available in Demo Version
10.6 Objective Test 6 : Answer the following Questions
Not Available in Demo Version
11. Exercises on Access-Lists
11.1 : Lab Exercise 1 : Creating a Standard Access List
Description: Create an access-list and configure the same according to a given set of rules.
Instructions:
1. Enter into Global Configuration Mode
2. Create an IP access-list to permit traffic from address 192.168.10.5, and deny all other traffic.
Use 1 as IP access-list number.
3. Create an access-list 2 that blocks only the single IP address 196.145.25.5
4. Type the command used for permitting packets from any IP Address. Use Access-list number
as 2
R1>enable
R1#configure terminal
R1(config)#access-list 1 permit 192.168.10.5
R1(config)#access-list 2 deny 196.145.25.5
R1(config)#access-list 2 permit any
Back
11.2 : Lab Exercise 2 : Applying an Access List to an Interface
Description: Apply access-list 1 to interface Ethernet 0 on R1. Apply the access-list on both
incoming and outgoing interfaces.
Instructions:
1. Enter into Interface Configuration Mode. Use the interface Ethernet 0
2. Use no shut down command on Ethernet 0 interface
3. Assuming that an access-list 1 is created, apply it to the interface Ethernet 0 as an inbound
access-list
4. Apply an access-list 1 to interface Ethernet 0 as an outbound access-list
R1>enable
R1#configure terminal
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R1(config)#interface ethernet 0
R1(config-if)#no shutdown
R1(config-if)#ip access-group 1 in
R1(config-if)#ip access-group 1 out
Back
11.3 : Lab Exercise 3 : View Access List Entries
Description: Configure standard access-list #1 to permit ip 192.168.10.5 and view access-list
entries by using appropriate show command.
Instructions:
1. Enter into Global Configuration Mode
2. Create an Access-list that permits traffic from address 192.168.10.5. Use access-list number 1.
Exit from the global configuration mode
3. Use the show command to see the Access-list
R1>enable
R1#configure terminal
R1(config)#access-list 1 permit 192.168.10.5
R1(config)#exit
R1#show access-list
Back
11.4 : Lab Exercise 4 : Standard Access List Scenario Lab 1
Not Available in Demo Version
11.5 : Lab Exercise 5 : Standard Access List Scenario Lab 2
Not Available in Demo Version
11.6 : Lab Exercise 6 : Router Access List Configuration
Not Available in Demo Version
11.7 : Lab Exercise 7 : Configuring and Verifying Standard Access List
Not Available in Demo Version
11.8 : Lab Exercise 8 : Configuring and Verifying Extended Access List
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Not Available in Demo Version
11.9 : Lab Exercise 9 : Configuring and Implementing Extended Access List
Not Available in Demo Version
11.10 : Lab Exercise 10 : Verifying Extended Access-Lists
Not Available in Demo Version
11.11 : Lab Exercise 11 : Named Access-List
Not Available in Demo Version
11.12 Objective Test 7: Answer the following Questions
Not Available in Demo Version
12. EXERCISES ON NETWORK ADDRESS TRANSLATION
NAT stands for Network Address Translation is used to perform address translation between two networks,
which are identified as the inside network and the outside network in NAT terminology i.e, there are
primarily two ways a NAT can be defined in a network.
One is NAT inside, where we define the inside local, and inside global ip addresses; and the other is NAT
outside, where we define the outside local, and outside global IP addresses.
Note: Please refer the below Network Diagram and IP Address Assignment Table for all the exercises in this
section.
Network Diagram : Given below
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IP Address Assignment Table
Device Interface IP Address
Mask
R1
S0
200.200.200.1
255.255.255.0
E0
192.168.1.13
255.255.0.0
S0
200.200.200.2
255.255.255.0
E0
10.1.1.4
255.0.0.0
PC1
192.168.1.10
255.255.0.0
PC2
192.168.1.11
255.255.0.0
PC3
10.1.1.1
255.0.0.0
PC4
10.1.1.2
255.0.0.0
SW1
192.168.1.12
255.255.0.0
SW2
10.1.1.3
255.0.0.0
R2
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12.1 : Lab Exercise 1 : NAT Scenario 1
Description: The purpose of this exercise is to configure NAT on the source router (NAT inside
source) and test for connectivity by pinging a remote router.
NAT Mapping Table for Inside Source
Inside Local
Inside Global
192.168.1.10
200.200.200.3
192.168.1.11
200.200.200.4
Instructions:
1. Assign IP addresses on all the devices as per the above table
2. Enable routing on all routers (you can use RIP/EIGRP/OSPF routing)
3. Create IP NAT Mapping (Hint: use inside source static command) on R1
4. Define IP NAT Inside and IP NAT Outside interfaces on R1
5. Test for Connectivity from PC1 to R2 by issuing ping command
Note: You need to do the following before proceeding with the following commands
1. Assign the IP addresses and make the interfaces up (by issuing no shutdown commands at
appropriate interfaces) for all the devices
2. Enable routing on the network. You can use rip/eigrp/ospf for this purpose
R1>enable
R1#conf term
R1(config)#ip nat inside source static 192.168.1.10 200.200.200.3
R1(config)#ip nat inside source static 192.168.1.11 200.200.200.4
R1(config)#interface serial 0
R1(config-if)#ip nat outside
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#interface ethernet 0
R1(config-if)#ip nat inside
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#exit
R1#
PC1:ping R2
Back
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12.2 : Lab Exercise 2 : NAT Scenario 2
Description: The purpose of this lab is to configure NAT on the destination router (NAT outside
source) and test for connectivity by pinging a remote router.
NAT Mapping Table for Outside Source
Outside Local
Outside Global
10.1.1.1
200.200.200.3
10.1.1.2
200.200.200.4
Instructions:
1. Assign IP addresses on all the devices as per the table given above
2. Create IP NAT Mapping (Hint: use outside source static command) on R2
3. Define IP NAT Inside and IP NAT Outside interfaces on R2
4. Test for Connectivity from PC1 to R2 by issuing ping command
Note: You need to assign the IP addresses and make the interfaces up (by issuing no shutdown
commands at appropriate interfaces) for all the devices before proceeding with the following
commands
R2>enable
R2#conf term
R2(config)#ip nat outside source static 10.1.1.1 200.200.200.3
R2(config)#ip nat outside source static 10.1.1.2 200.200.200.4
R2(config)#interface serial 0
R2(config-if)#ip nat outside
R2(config-if)#exit
R2(config)#interface ethernet 0
R2(config-if)#ip nat inside
R2(config-if)#exit
R2(config)#exit
R2#
PC1:ping R2
PC1:ping 200.200.200.3
PC1:ping 200.200.200.4
Back
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12.3 : Lab Exercise 3 : NAT Scenario 3
Not Available in Demo Version
12.4 : Lab Exercise 4 : Configuring Dynamic NAT Scenario I
Not Available in Demo Version
12.5 : Lab Exercise 5 : Troubleshooting Static NAT Scenario I
Not Available in Demo Version
12.6 : Lab Exercise 6 : NAT and PAT
Not Available in Demo Version
12.7 Objective Test 8 : Answer the following Questions
Not Available in Demo Version
13. Exercises on DHCP
13.1 Lab Exercise 1 : Configuring cisco router as a DHCP Server
Description : This lab exercise demonstrates the required commands for DHCP Server
configuration on a cisco router.
Instructions :
1. Issue service dhcp command on router R1 that enables and disables the DHCP server
feature on router. By default, this is enabled.
2. Create an addressing pool for dhcp.
3. Issue network command that specifies the range of IP addresses to be assigned to clients.
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4. Assign the domain-name to the client.
5. In order to resolve Host names to IP addresses, client computers require the IP addresses
of DNS (Domain Name Service) servers. Use dns-server command that allows assigning
upto 8 DNS server addresses to the client, but however in simulator only 1 address is
allowed.
6. Specify the default-router address using default-router command that allows assigning
upto 8 default-gateway addresses to the client for this range of addresses.
7. Specify the duration of the lease, which if omitted results to default 1 day.
R1(config)#service dhcp
R1(config)#ip dhcp pool newpool
R1(config-dhcp)#network 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0
R1(config-dhcp)#domain-name xyz.com
R1(config-dhcp)#dns-server 192.168.2.2
R1(config-dhcp)#default-router 192.168.2.1
R1(config-dhcp)#lease 2
R1(config-dhcp)#exit
R1(config)#
Back
13.2 Lab Exercise 2 : DHCP client configuration
Not Available in Demo Version
13.3 Lab Exercise 3 : Configuring two DHCP clients and DHCP verification
commands
Not Available in Demo Version
13.4 Objective Test 9 : Answer the following questions
Not Available in Demo Version
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14. Exercises on ISDN
14.1 : Lab Exercise 1 : PPP Configuration
Description: This exercise helps to understand how Point to Point Protocol encapsulation
works .Configure PPP across a point-to-point network as shown in the network diagram below.
Instructions:
1. Configure for PPP on router R1 Serial 0
2. Configure "stac" compression on R1
3. Configure for PPP on router R2 serial 0
4. Configure "stac" compression on R2
5. Verify PPP compression by using appropriate show command
Issue the command on router2
R1>enable
R1#configure terminal
R1(config)#interface serial 0
R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#encapsulation ppp
R1(config-if)#compress stac
R2>enable
R2#configure terminal
R2(config)#interface serial 0
R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#encapsulation ppp
R2(config-if)#compress stac
R2(config-if)#exit
R2(config)#exit
R2#show compress
Back
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14.2 : Lab Exercise 2 : Configuring ISDN using BRI
Description: The purpose of this lab exercise is to configure ISDN BRI 0 interfaces on Routers
NY01 and LA01. The interface IP Addresses, Subnet Mask, and Switch-type are given in the
network diagram.
Instructions:
NY01:
1. Enter global configuration mode and assign hostname NY01. Specify isdn switch-type Basic5ess
2. Enter bri 0 interface configuration mode, and assign IP address as specified
3. Enable PPP encapsulation, and exit bri 0 interface configuration mode
4. Configure dialer string to call phone number 5554444. Specify dialer idle timeout as 10
minutes
5. Enter E0 interface configuration mode and assign IP address as specified
6. Exit interface configuration mode, and specify protocol IP to be the only interesting traffic on
isdn access line
7. Apply the dialer list to interface isdn bri 0
LA01:
The procedure to configure LA01 is similar to that of NY01, except for the hostname, and IP
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address assignment.
1. Enter global configuration mode and assign hostname LA01. Specify isdn switch-type Basic5ess
2. Enter bri 0 interface configuration mode, and assign IP address as specified
3. Enable PPP encapsulation, and exit bri 0 interface configuration mode
4. Configure dialer string to call phone number 2224444. Specify dialer idle timeout as 10
minutes
5. Enter E0 interface configuration mode and assign IP address as specified
6. Exit interface configuration mode, and specify protocol IP to be the only interesting traffic on
isdn access line
7. Apply the dialer list to interface isdn bri 0
On NY01:
R1>enable
R1#configure terminal
R1(config)#hostname NY01
NY01(config)#isdn switch-type basic-5ess
NY01(config)#interface bri 0
NY01(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
NY01(config-if)#no shutdown
NY01(config-if)#encapsulation ppp
NY01(config-if)#exit
NY01(config)#dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit
NY01(config)#interface bri 0
NY01(config-if)#dial string 55554444
NY01(config-if)#dialer idle-timeout 600
NY01(config-if)#dialer-group 1
NY01(config-if)#exit
NY01(config)#interface e 0
NY01(config-if)#ip address 10.1.0.1 255.255.0.0
NY01(config-if)#end
NY01
On LA01:
R2>enable
R2#configure terminal
R2(config)#hostname LA01
LA01(config)#isdn switch-type basic-5ess
LA01(config)#interface bri 0
LA01(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0
LA01(config-if)#no shutdown
LA01(config-if)#encapsulation ppp
LA01(config-if)#exit
LA01(config)#dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit
LA01(config)#interface bri 0
LA01(config-if)#dial string 22224444
LA01(config-if)#dialer idle-timeout 600
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LA01(config-if)#dialer-group 1
LA01(config-if)#exit
LA01(config)#interface e 0
LA01(config-if)#ip address 10.2.0.1 255.255.0.0
LA01(config-if)#end
LA01#
Back
14.3 : Lab Exercise 3 : Configuring ISDN using BRI-Routing
Not Available in Demo Version
15. Exercises on Frame-Relay
15.1 : Lab Exercise 1 : Configuring Frame-Relay without sub-interfaces
Description: Configure frame-relay without using sub-interfaces. This configuration example
uses full mesh topology.
Note that on a frame-relay network without sub-interfaces, the LMI-type is automatically
detected. Similarly, PVC DLCIs are learned through CMS status messages. There is no need to
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specify the same explicitly. On the otherhand, in a FR network with point-to-point sub-interface
configurations, you need to specify the interface-dlci number.
Instructions:
IP Address Assignment Table:
Device-Interface IP Address/Mask
Venus-S0
192.160.1.1/24
Jupiter-S0
192.160.1.2/24
Saturn-S0
192.160.1.3/24
1. Specify frame-relay on S0 of Venus
2. Specify frame-relay on S0 of Saturn
3. Specify frame-relay on S0 of Jupiter
R1>enable
R1#configure terminal
R1(config)#hostname Venus
Venus(config)#interface serial 0
Venus(config-if)# encapsulation frame-relay
Venus(config-if)#ip address 192.160.1.1 255.255.255.0
Venus(config-if)#^z
Venus#
R2>enable
R2#configure terminal
R2(config)#hostname Jupiter
Jupiter(config)#interface serial 0
Jupiter(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay
Jupiter(config-if)#ip address 192.160.1.2 255.255.255.0
Jupiter(config-if)#^z
R3>enable
R3#configure terminal
R3(config)#hostname Saturn
Saturn(config)#interface serial 0
Saturn(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay
Saturn(config-if)#ip address 192.160.1.3 255.255.255.0
Saturn(config-if)#^z
Saturn#
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Back
15.2 : Lab Exercise 2 : Configuring Frame-Relay with point-to-point subinterfaces
Description: Configure frame-relay using point-to-point sub-interfaces. This example uses 4
routers connected together in the form of a star using sub-interfaces.
Note that on a frame-relay network without sub-interfaces, the LMI-type is automatically
detected. Similarly, PVC DLCIs are learned through CMS status messages. There is no need to
specify the same explicitly. On the otherhand, in a FR network with point-to-point sub-interface
configurations, you need to specify the interface-dlci number.
Instructions:
IP Address Assignment Table:
Device-Interface-Sub Interface IP Address/Mask
NY-S0.1
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192.160.1.1/24
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NY-S0.2
192.160.2.1/24
NY-S0.3
192.160.3.1/24
ND-S0.1
192.160.1.2/24
London-S0.1
192.160.2.2/24
LA-S0.1
192.169.3.2/24
Router NY:
1. Specify hostname
2. Enter sub-interface configuration mode for s0.1
3. Specify ip address
4. Specify interface-dlci number 62
5. Exit
6. Specify hostname
7. Enter sub-interface configuration mode for s0.2.
8. Specify ip address
9. Specify interface-dlci number 63
10. Exit
11. Specify hostname
12. Enter sub-interface configuration mode for s0.3
13. Specify ip address
14. Specify interface-dlci number 64
15. Exit
Router ND:
1. Specify hostname
2. Specify frame-relay encapsulation
3. Enter sub-interface configuration mode for s0.1
4. Specify ip address
5. Specify interface-dlci number 62
6. Exit
Router London:
1. Specify hostname
2. Specify frame-relay encapsulation
3. Enter sub-interface configuration mode for s0.1
4. Specify ip address
5. Specify interface-dlci number 63
6. Exit
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Router LA:
1. Specify hostname
2. Specify frame-relay encapsulation
3. Enter sub-interface configuration mode for s0.1
4. Specify ip address
5. Specify interface-dlci number 64
6. Exit
R1>enable
R1#conf term
R1(config)#hostname NY
NY(config)#interface serial 0
NY(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay
NY(config-if)#exit
NY(config)#interface serial 0.1 point-to-point
NY(config-subif)#ip address 192.160.1.1 255.255.255.0
NY(config-subif)#frame-relay interface-dlci 62
NY(config-subif)#exit
NY(config)#interface serial 0.2 point-to-point
NY(config-subif)#ip address 192.160.2.1 255.255.255.0
NY(config-subif)#frame-relay interface-dlci 63
NY(config-subif)#exit
NY(config)#interface serial 0.3 point-to-point
NY(config-subif)#ip address 192.160.3.1 255.255.255.0
NY(config-subif)#frame-relay interface-dlci 64
NY(config-subif)#^z
NY#copy running-config startup-config
R2>enable
R2#configure terminal
R2(config)#hostname ND
ND(config)#interface serial 0
ND(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay
ND(config-if)#exit
ND(config)#interface serial 0.1 point-to-point
ND(config-subif)#ip address 192.160.1.2 255.255.255.0
ND(config-subif)#frame-relay interface-dlci 62
ND(config-subif)#^z
ND#copy running-config startup-config
R3>enable
R3#configure terminal
R3(config)#hostname London
London(config)#interface serial 0
London(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay
London(config-if)#exit
London(config)#interface serial 0.1 point-to-point
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London(config-subif)#ip address 192.160.2.2 255.255.255.0
London(config-subif)#frame-relay interface-dlci 63
London(config-subif)#^z
London#copy running-config startup-config
R4>enable
R4#configure terminal
R4(config)#hostname LA
LA(config)#interface serial 0
LA(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay
LA(config-if)#exit
LA(config)#interface serial 0.1 point-to-point
LA(config-subif)#ip address 192.160.3.2 255.255.255.0
LA(config-subif)#frame-relay interface-dlci 64
LA(config-subif)#^z
LA#copy running-config startup-config
Back
15.3 : Lab Exercise 3 : Frame-Relay with sub-interfaces – Routing
Not Available in Demo Version
15.4 : Lab Exercise 4 : Frame-Relay with Show Commands
Not Available in Demo Version
15.5 : Lab Exercise 5 : Frame-Relay Full Mesh Topology
Not Available in Demo Version
15.6 Objective Test 10 : Answer the following Questions
Not Available in Demo Version
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16. Exercises on IPv6
16.1 : Lab Exercise 1 : Enabling IPv6 on a cisco router
Description : This lab demonstrates the steps required to enable ipv6 on a cisco router.
Instructions
1. Enter into privileged mode on router R1.
2. Enter into global configuration mode.
3. Enter the command "ipv6 unicast-routing" that enables the forwarding of Ipv6 unicast
datagrams globally on the router.
R1>enable
R1#configure terminal
R1(config)#ipv6 unicast-routing
R1(config)#exit
R1#exit
R1>
Note: The first step of enabling IPv6 on a Cisco router is the activation of IPv6 traffic forwarding
to forward unicast IPv6 packets between network interfaces. By default, IPv6 traffic forwarding
is disabled on Cisco routers.
The ipv6 unicast-routing command is used to enable the forwarding of IPv6 packets between
interfaces on the router.
Back
16.2 : Lab Exercise 2 : Enabling IPv6 on a cisco router interface
Description : This lab demonstrates the steps required to enable ipv6 on a cisco router interface.
Instructions
1. Enter into privileged mode on router R1.
2. Enter into global configuration mode.
3. Enter the command "ipv6 unicast-routing" that enables the forwarding of IPv6 unicast
datagrams globally on the router.
4. Enter into interface configuration mode and then use the command "ipv6 enable" to
enable ipv6 processing on the interface and the command also automatically configures an
IPv6 link-local address on the interface.
R1>enable
R1#configure terminal
R1(config)#ipv6 unicast-routing
R1(config)#interface serial 0
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R1(config-if)#ipv6 enable
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#exit
Note: To configure a router so that it uses only link local addresses, you only have to give
ipv6 enable command. Issuing an ipv6 address command automatically configure link local
addresses.
Back
16.3 : Lab Exercise 3 : Configuring IPv6 on a cisco router interface with IPv6
address in EUI-format
Not Available in Demo Version
16.4 : Lab Exercise 4 : Configuring IPv6 on a cisco router interface with IPv6
address in general form
Not Available in Demo Version
16.5 : Lab Exercise 5 : Configuring loopback interface with IPv6 address
Not Available in Demo Version
16.6 : Lab Exercise 6 : Configuring IPv6 on two router interfaces connected
directly and pinging the distant interface using console
Not Available in Demo Version
16.7 : Lab Exercise 7 : Traceroute lab
Not Available in Demo Version
16.8 Objective Test 11 : Answer the following Questions
Not Available in Demo Version
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17. Exercises on IPv6 Routing Protocols
17.1 : Lab Exercise 1 : Enabling RIPng on a cisco router interface
Description: This lab exercise demonstrates enabling RIPng for IPv6 (next-generation RIP
protocol) on a router interface.
Instructions:
1. Enter into privileged mode on router R1.
2. Enter into global configuration mode.
3. Enter the command "ipv6 unicast-routing" that enables the forwarding of Ipv6 unicast
datagrams globally on the router.
4. Enter into interface configuration mode and then use the command "ipv6 rip <name> enable
command to enable the specified RIP routing process on an interface.
5. Issue "show ipv6 rip" command that displays information about the configured RIP routing
processes.
R1>enable
R1#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R1(config)#ipv6 unicast-routing
R1(config)#interface serial 0
R1(config-if)#ipv6 rip pname1 enable
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#exit
R1#show ipv6 rip
R1#show ipv6 protocols
Note: ipv6 rip <name> enable command enables the specified IPv6 RIP routing process on
an interface.
The process name is only significant within the router, and allows you to run more than one
RIP process if you want to. Because it is only locally significant, every router can have a
different RIP process name without conflict, although we generally don't recommend this,
as it can become confusing to manage.
Back
17.2 : Lab Exercise 2 : Enabling RIPng on two routers and pinging between
them
Description: This lab exercise demonstrates testing the connectivity using ping between two
routers configured with RIP routing processes.
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Instructions:
1. Enter into privileged mode on router London (LD).
2. Enter into global configuration mode.
3. Enter the command "ipv6 unicast-routing" that enables the forwarding of IPv6 unicast
datagrams globally on the router.
4. Enter into interface configuration mode and then assign IPv6 address on the interface.
and then use the command "ipv6 rip <name> enable command to enable the specified RIP
routing process on an interface.
5. Use the command "no shutdown" to start the protocol and issue copy run start config command
6. Enter into privileged mode on router New York (NY).
7. Enter into global configuration mode.
8. Enter the command "ipv6 unicast-routing" that enables the forwarding of IPv6 unicast
datagrams globally on the router.
9. Enter into interface configuration mode and then assign IPv6 address on the interface.
and then use the command "ipv6 rip <name> enable command to enable the specified RIP
routing process on an interface.
10. Use the command "no shutdown" to start the protocol and issue copy run start config
command
11. Ping LD from NY and test for connectivity.
LD>enable
LD#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
LD(config)#ipv6 unicast-routing
LD(config)#interface serial 0
LD(config-if)#ipv6 address 2001:3abc:d00:4ab:2::1/64
LD(config-if)#ipv6 rip process1 enable
LD(config-if)#no shutdown
LD(config-if)#exit
LD(config)#exit
LD#copy running-config startup-config
LD#
NY>enable
NY#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
NY(config)#ipv6 unicast-routing
NY(config)#interface serial 0
NY(config-if)#ipv6 address 2001:3abc:d00:4ab:2::2/64
NY(config-if)#ipv6 rip process1 enable
NY(config-if)#no shutdown
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NY(config-if)#exit
NY(config)#exit
NY#copy running-config startup-config
NY#ping ipv6 2001:3abc:d00:4ab:2::1/64
Back
17.3 : Lab Exercise 3 : Entering RIPng router configuration mode and setting
global parameters on a cisco router
Not Available in Demo Version
17.4 : Lab Exercise 4 : Configuring EIGRPv6 on a router interface
Not Available in Demo Version
17.5 : Lab Exercise 5 : Configuring EIGRPv6 on two routers and pinging
between them
Not Available in Demo Version
17.6 : Lab Exercise 6 : Enabling OSPF for IPv6 on a cisco router interface
Not Available in Demo Version
17.7 : Lab Exercise 7 : Configuring OSPF on two router interfaces
Not Available in Demo Version
17.8 : Lab Exercise 8 : General IPv6 configuration on 2610 series cisco router
Not Available in Demo Version
17.9 Objective Test 12 : Answer the following questions
Not Available in Demo Version
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18. Exercises on BGP
18.1 : Lab Exercise 1: Basic BGP Configuration
Note: This Lab has three sections
I: Basic BGP Configuration
Description: Describes the commands for forming BGP neighbor relationships and
advertising networks.
Instructions:
1. Assign the IP addresses to all the devices as per the diagram.
2. Bring all the interfaces to up.
3. Issue network command on all the devices to identify the networks to be advertised by
the BGP process.
4. Issue neighbor command on Router R1 to identify each neighbor and its AS.
On R1:
R1>enable
R1#conf term
R1(config)# int s 0
R1(config-if)#ip address 10.10.10.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no shutdown
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#int s 1
R1(config-if)#ip address 20.20.20.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no shutdown
R1(config-if)#exit
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R1(config)#router bgp 300
R1(config-router)#network 10.10.10.0
R1(config-router)#network 20.20.20.0
R1(config-router)#exit
R1(config)#exit
R1#
On R2:
R2>enable
R2#conf term
R2(config)# int s 0
R2(config-if)#ip address 10.10.10.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no shutdown
R2(config-if)#exit
R2(config)#router bgp 100
R2(config-router)#network 10.10.10.0
R2(config-router)#exit
R2(config)#exit
R2#
On R3:
R3>enable
R3#conf term
R3(config)# int s 0
R3(config-if)#ip address 20.20.20.2 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#no shutdown
R3(config-if)#exit
R3(config)#router bgp 200
R3(config-router)#network 20.20.20.0
R3(config-router)#exit
R3(config)#exit
R3#
On R1:
R1>enable
R1#conf term
R1(config)#router bgp 300
R1(config-router)# neighbor 10.10.10.2 remote-as 100
R1(config-router)#neighbor 20.20.20.2 remote-as 200
R1(config-router)#exit
R1(config)#exit
Back
II: Managing and Verifying the BGP Configuration
Not Available in Demo Version
III: Resetting neighbors
Not Available in Demo Version
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18.2 : Lab Exercise 2: Setting BGP attributes
Not Available in Demo Version
18.3 : Lab Exercise 3: Setting the BGP neighbor password
Not Available in Demo Version
18.4 : Lab Exercise 4: To disable the peer
Not Available in Demo Version
18.5 : Lab Exercise 5: Basic configuration of a peer group
Not Available in Demo Version
18.6 : Lab Exercise 6: Configuring Multi Exit Discriminator Metric
Not Available in Demo Version
19. Exercises On Route Redistribution
19.1 : Lab Exercise 1: Route Redistribution for RIP
Description: This lab exercise demonstrates the command for redistributing EIGRP, OSPF, and
Static routes into RIP.
Instructions:
1. Enter into router configuration mode
2. Issue command to redistribute all EIGRP routes into RIP
3. Issue command to redistribute all OSPF routes into RIP
4. Issue command to redistribute all Static routes into RIP
On R1:
R1>enable
R1#conf term
R1(config)#router rip
R1(config-router)#redistribute eigrp 100 metric 1
R1(config-router)#redistribute ospf 1 metric 1
R1(config-router)#redistribute static metric 1
R1(config-router)#exit
R1(config)#
NOTE: Metric command can also be given in following way (Using the default-metric
command saves work because it eliminates the need for defining the metric separately for each
redistribution.)
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R1(config)#router rip
R1(config-router)#redistribute eigrp 100
R1(config-router)#redistribute ospf 1
R1(config-router)#redistribute static
R1(config-router)#default-metric 1
Back
19.2 : Lab Exercise 2 : Route Redistribution for EIGRP
Not Available in Demo Version
19.3 : Lab Exercise 3 : Route Redistribution for OSPF
Not Available in Demo Version
19.4 : Lab Exercise 4 : Redistribution between EIGRP and OSPF
Not Available in Demo Version
19.5 : Lab Exercise 5 : Redistribution between RIP and EIGRP
Not Available in Demo Version
20. CISCO SWITCH ARCHITECTURE
20.1 Cisco 2950 switch (CISCO CATALYST 2950 24 PORT SWITCH WS-C2950-24
10/100)
Front Panel: The switch front panel consists of 24 RJ-45 port connectors that support 10/100
Mbps speed and LED indicators as shown in the figures below. Please note that the 2950 series
switches come in different flavors and vary greatly in the number and type of ports available.
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Explanation:
The switch front panel contains Ports, LEDs and the Mode button.
Ports:
1. 10/100 Ports
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These use RJ-45 Connectors and twisted-pair cabling and they can be connected to 10BASE-Tcompatible devices, such as workstations and hubs, or 100BASE-TX-compatible devices, such as
high-speed workstations, servers, hubs, routers, and other switches. The 10/100 ports can be
explicitly set to operate in any combination of half duplex, full duplex, 10 Mbps, or 100 Mbps.
2. 100BASE-FX Ports
The 100BASE-FX Ports use 50/125- or 62.5/125-micron multimode fiber-optic cabling. These
ports only operate at 100 Mbps in full-duplex mode.
You can connect a 100BASE-FX port to an SC or ST port on a target device by using one of the
MT-RJ fiber-optic patch cables
3. 10/100/1000 Ports
The 10/100/1000 ports on Catalyst 2950T-24 switches use RJ-45 connectors and twisted-pair
cabling. The ports can connect to10BASE-T-compatible devices, such as workstations and hubs
or 100BASE-TX-compatible devices, such as high-speed workstations, servers, hubs, routers, and
other switches or 1000BASE-T-compatible devices, such as high-speed workstations, servers,
hubs, routers, and other switches.
LEDs:
You can use the LEDs to monitor switch activity and performance. Changing the port mode
changes the information provided by each port status LED.
20.2 Management Options
Catalyst 2950 switches offer these management options:
Cluster Management Suite (CMS)
CMS is made up of three web-based applications that you use to manage switches. You can use
Cluster Builder, which includes Cluster View, and Cluster Manager to create, configure, and
monitor switch clusters. You can also use Device Manager to manage individual and standalone
switches.
IOS command-line interface (CLI)
You can manage switches by using command-line entries. To access the CLI, connect a PC or
terminal directly to the console port on the switch rear panel. If the switch is attached to your
network, you can use a Telnet connection to manage the switch from a remote location.
CiscoView application
You can use the CiscoView device-management application to set configuration parameters and
to view switch status and performance information. This application, which you purchase
separately, can be a standalone application or part of an Simple Network Management Protocol
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(SNMP) network-management platform.
You can manage switches by using an SNMP-compatible management station running platforms
such as HP OpenView and SunNet Manager. The switch supports a comprehensive set of MIB
extensions and MIB II, the IEEE 802.1D bridge MIB, and four RMON groups. For more
information, refer to the documentation that came with your SNMP application.
20.3 Cisco 1912 – 12 port switch:
The Cisco Catalyst 1900 series of switches offer an economical option for Ethernet networks.
There are two Catalyst 1900 switches, the 1912, with 12 10BaseT switched ports and two Fast
Ethernet switched ports, and the 1924 with 24 10BaseT switched ports and two Fast Ethernet
switched ports. The Cisco Catalyst 1900 switch is useful for small workgroups needing switched
10-Mbps ports. Cisco has created a Command-Line Interface (CLI) for the 1900 series of
switches.
The figure above shows a 24-port 1900 switch with 2 Fast Ethernet ports.
• 10BaseT ports
The 10BaseT network ports use standard RJ-45 connectors. These ports can connect to 10BaseTcompatible devices, such as individual workstations and hubs, with Category 3, 4, or 5 cabling.
Using this type of cabling, the distance between the switch and the attached device can be up to
100 meters.
• Switched 100-Mbps Ports
The switches can have any of the following high-speed ports (depends on model):
o Two switched 100BaseTX ports
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o One switched 100BaseTX port and one switched 100BaseFX port
o Two switched 100-Mbps fiber-optic ports
Rear-Panel Description
The rear panel of a Catalyst 1900 switch consists of the following:
1. AC power connector
2. Console port
3. Redundant power system (RPS) connector and
4. A switched AUI port
21. CISCO SWITCH IOS
21.1 Logging In To The Switch
When Catalyst switches are configured from the CLI that runs on the console or a remote
terminal, the Cisco IOS Software provides a CLI called the EXEC. The EXEC interprets the
commands that are entered and carries out the corresponding operations.
For security purposes, the EXEC has the following two levels of access to commands:
1. User mode: Typical tasks include those that check the status of the switch, such as some basic
show commands.
2. Privileged mode: Typical tasks include those that change the configuration of the switch. This
mode is also known as enable mode. If you have the password that gets you to this privileged
enable mode, you basically will have access to all possible device configuration commands.
To change from user EXEC mode to privileged EXEC mode, enter the enable command.
The switch then prompts for the enable password if one is configured. Enter the correct enable
password. By default, the enable password is not configured.
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Note: Please refer to the below network diagram for all the exercises in this section.
21.2 : Lab Exercise 1 : Introduction to switch
Description: A basic exercise to get familiar with the different commands related to switch .
Choose 2950 switch from the N/W diagram, and use the following commands.
The switch initial startup status can be verified using the below status commands:
Show version: Displays the configuration of the system hardware and the currently loaded IOS
software version information
Show running-config: Displays the current active running configuration of the switch.This
command requires privileged EXEC mode access.
Show interfaces: Displays statistics and status information of all the interfaces on the switch.
Instructions:
1. Connect to switch and you should see the user mode prompt
2. Show version command displays the IOS version of the switch
3. Show interfaces command displays the interfaces of the switch
4. Show running-config displays the running configuration
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2950>enable
2950#show version
2950#show interfaces
2950#show running-config
Back
21.3 : Lab Exercise 2 : Switch 2950 Console Password Assignment
Description: Select 2950 switch using the N/W Diagram button in the router simulator. Assign
password "consolepass" to line console 0.
Use the line console 0 command, followed by the password and login subcommands, to
require login and establish a login password on the console terminal or on a VTY port. By
default, login is not enabled on the console or on VTY ports.
Instructions:
1. Enter global configuration mode
2. Enter line sub-configuration mode
3. Set the console password to "consolepass"
4. Exit line configuration mode
2950>enable
2950#configure terminal
2950(config)#line console 0
2950(config-line)#password consolepass
2950(config-line)#exit
Back
21.4 : Lab Exercise 3 : Switch 2950 VTY password assignment
Not Available in Demo Version
21.5 : Lab Exercise 4 : Switch 2950: Setting Privileged Password
Not Available in Demo Version
21.6 : Lab Exercise 5 : Enable Fast Ethernet Interface on a 2950 switch
Not Available in Demo Version
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21.7 : Lab Exercise 6 : Initial Switch configuration
Not Available in Demo Version
21.8 : Lab Exercise 7 : Basic Switch Interface Configuration
Not Available in Demo Version
21.9 : Lab Exercise 8 : Catalyst 2950 Switch Configuration
Not Available in Demo Version
22. Exercises on Spanning Tree Protocol
Note : Please refer to the below network for the exercises in this section. Also note that the spanning-tree
commands are made available only on 2950 switch in the simulator.
22.1 : Lab Exercise 1 : Enabling STP
Description : This lab exercise demonstrates the necessary commands to enable and disable
spanning tree protocol on a switch.
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Instructions:
1. Enter into configuration mode on SW1
2. Issue command "spanning-tree vlan <vlan-num> to enable spanning-tree on a specified
VLAN
3. Issue no form of the command "spanning-tree vlan <vlan-num> to disable spanning-tree
on the VLAN specified.
SW1>enable
SW1#configure terminal
SW1(config)#spanning-tree vlan 1
SW1(config)#no spanning-tree vlan 1
SW1(config)#exit
SW1#
Note: Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is enabled by default on modern switches. It is
possible to disable or enable the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) when required.
Back
22.2 : Lab Exercise 2 : Configuring Root Switch
Description : This lab exercise demonstrates the necessary commands to configure the root
switch.
Instructions:
1. Enter into configuration mode on SW1
2. Issue the command "spanning-tree vlan <vlan-num> root" that modifies the switch priority
from the default 32768 to a lower value to allow the switch to become the root switch for VLAN
1
3. Verify the configuration using “show spanning-tree” command.
SW1>enable
SW1#configure terminal
SW1(config)#spanning-tree vlan 1 root
SW1(config)#exit
SW1#show spanning-tree
Back
22.3 : Lab Exercise 3 : Configuring Port-Priority
Not Available in Demo Version
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22.4 : Lab Exercise 4 : Configuring the switch priority of a VLAN
Not Available in Demo Version
22.5 : Lab Exercise 5 : Configuring STP Timers
Not Available in Demo Version
22.6 : Lab Exercise 6 : Verifying STP
Not Available in Demo Version
22.7 Objective Test 14 : Answer the following Questions
Not Available in Demo Version
23. EXERCISES ON SWITCH CONFIGURATION AND VLAN
23.1 : Lab Exercise 1 : Basic Switch IP Configuration
Description: Configure hostname as 2950, and set the switch ip address to 172.16.1.10, subnet
mask 255.255.255.0. Also, set the default-gateway to 172.16.1.2
Instructions:
1. Enter user Exec mode
2. Enter privileged Exec mode
3. Assign the hostname “2950”
4. Assign an ip address 172.16.1.10 255.255.255.0
5. Assign default gateway route 172.16.1.2
6. Exit switch configuration mode
SW1>enable
SW1#configure terminal
SW1(config)#hostname 2950
2950(config)#interface vlan 1
2950(config-if)#ip address 172.16.1.10 255.255.255.0
2950(config-if)#exit
2950(config)#ip default-gateway 172.16.1.2
2950(config)#end
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Back
23.2 : Lab Exercise 2 : Configuring 2950 Switch vlan
Description: Configure vlan1 on 2950 switch, and set the ip address to 192.16.2.3 mask
255.255.255.0. Set ip default-gateway to 172.16.2.2. copy running configuration to startup
configuration.
Instructions:
1. Enter privileged exec mode
2. Enter global configuration mode
3. Assign IP address 172.16.2.3 mask 255.255.255.0 on VLAN1
4. Set the default gateway to 172.16.2.2
5. Save the configuration to NVRAM
2950>enable
2950#configure terminal
2950(config)#interface vlan 1
2950(config-if)#ip address 172.16.2.3 255.255.255.0
2950(config-if)#exit
2950(config)#ip default-gateway 172.16.2.2
2950(config)#end
2950#copy running-config startup-config
Back
23.3 : Lab Exercise 3 : 2950 Trunking Configuration
Description : This exercise concentrates on establishing a trunk-line between the switches. The
command used to configure trunking is switchport mode trunk.
Instructions :
1. Connect to SW1 and configure fast ethernet interface fa 0/11 on the switch
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2. Configure trunking on the switch by issuing command switchport mode trunk
3. Connect to SW2 and configure fast ethernet interface fa 0/11 on the switch
4. Configure trunk line on the switch by issuing switchport mode trunk command
5. Configure WS1 with IP Address 192.168.100.1/24 and WS2 with IP Address
192.168.100.2/24
SW1>enable
SW1#configure terminal
SW1(config)#interface fa 0/11
SW1(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
SW1(config-if)#exit
SW1(config)#exit
SW1#
SW2>enable
SW2#configure terminal
SW2(config)#interface fa 0/11
SW2(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
SW2(config-if)#exit
SW2(config)#exit
SW2#
WS1:ip address 192.168.100.1 255.255.255.0
WS2:ip address 192.168.100.2 255.255.255.0
Back
23.4 : Lab Exercise 4 : Troubleshooting 2950 Switch
Not Available in Demo Version
23.5 : Lab Exercise 5 : Creating and Deleting 2950 VLAN's
Not Available in Demo Version
23.6 : Lab Exercise 6 : Configuring VTP on 2950 Switch
Not Available in Demo Version
23.7 : Lab Exercise 7 : Configuring VTP with a VTP Client
Not Available in Demo Version
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23.8 : Lab Exercise 8 : Troubleshooting lab with non matching domains
Not Available in Demo Version
23.9 : Lab Exercise 9 : Troubleshooting lab with trunk functionality
Not Available in Demo Version
23.10 : Lab Exercise 10 : VLANs Scenario
Not Available in Demo Version
23.11 : Lab Exercise 11 : VTP (VLAN Trunking Protocol) Scenario
Not Available in Demo Version
23.12 : Lab Exercise 12 : VLANs and Trunking
Not Available in Demo Version
23.13 : Lab Exercise 13 : Routing between VLANs (Router on a stick)
Not Available in Demo Version
23.14 Objective Test 12 : Answer the following Questions
Not Available in Demo Version
24. FINAL EXAM
24.1 Objective Test Final Exam
Not Available in Demo Version
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25. Appendix
25.1 : Answer keys for Objective Test 1
1. b
Explanation : Typically, a Cisco router has the following types of memory
components:
1. RAM (or DRAM): This type of memory is used for working storage. This is
where part of IOS image, routing tables, packets, and others are stored during
normal working of a router. RAM is erased when the router is powered off.
2. ROM (Read Only Memory): ROM stores bootstrap code for booting Cisco
IOS. It points to the functional IOS image so that the router can complete its
start-up configuration successfully. It is somewhat analogous to the BIOS in
PC. ROM also contains a small portion of IOS.
3. Flash memory: Flash memory contains the fully functional IOS images. It is
the default location for getting IOS image at boot time. You can loosely
compare the IOS image with operating system (say DOS).
4. NVRAM: NVRAM stands for Non Volatile RAM. NVRAM stores the
initial or startup configuration file.
2. c
Explanation : Typically, a Cisco router has the following types of memory
components:
1. RAM (or DRAM): This type of memory is used for working storage. This is
where part of IOS image, routing tables, packets, and others are stored during
normal working of a router. RAM is erased when the router is powered off.
2. ROM (Read Only Memory): ROM stores bootstrap code for booting Cisco
IOS. It points to the functional IOS image so that the router can complete its
start-up configuration successfully. It is somewhat analogous the BIOS in PC.
ROM also contains a small portion of IOS.
3. Flash memory: Flash memory contains the fully functional IOS images. It is
the default location for getting IOS image at boot time. You can loosely
compare the IOS image with operating system (say DOS).
4. NVRAM: NVRAM stands for Non Volatile RAM. NVRAM stores the
initial or startup configuration file.
3. a b c d (all of them)
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Explanation : ROM (Read Only Memory): Memory containing micro-code
for basic functions to start and maintain the router. ROM is not typically used
after the IOS is loaded. RXBOOT is located here.
RAM/DRAM : Stores the running configuration, routing tables, and packet
buffers. Some routers, such as the 2500 series, run IOS from Flash, not RAM.
NVRAM (Non-Volatile Ram): Memory that does not lose information when
power is lost. Stores the system’s configuration file and the configuration
register. NVRAM uses a battery to maintain the data when power is turned off.
Flash Memory: Stores the compressed IOS (IOS stands for Cisco Internetwork
Operating System) image. Flash memory is either EEPROM or PCMCIA card.
Flash memory enables you to copy multiple versions of IOS software. This
allows you to load a new lever of the operating system in every router in your
network and then, to upgrade the whole network to that version at a convenient
time.
4. b and d
Explanation : Both "copy star run" and "reload" will load Cisco router
configuration into RAM.
25.2 : Answer Keys for Objective Test 2
1. d
Explanation : Show version command displays the current version of the Cisco
IOS. In addition, this command displays the following important information:
- How long the router has been up (length of time since boot-up).
- How the system was started (power on etc.)
- From where the system was loaded from ( booted via flash , or tftp etc.)
- The contents of configuration register.
2. c
Explanation : There are different types of cables:
1. Straight through cable: This is also known as patch cable. A straight
through cable is used to connect a computer to a hub or a switch.
2. Crossover cable: A crossover cable is used to connect one computer A to
the other computer B without using a switch or hub.
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3. Rollover cable: A rollover (also known as console cable) is used to connect
to routers for configuration purpose.
Also, you can’t connect the Ethernet port on PC to another Ethernet port on a
router using a straight through cable. You need crossover cable for this purpose.
Also, the PC need to have a network card, and appropriate networking protocol
stack properly installed and configured.
3. c and d
Explanation : The following are some important commands that can be used to
edit and review command history buffer. It will be useful to practice these
commands.
<ctrl> A : Move to the beginning of the command line
<ctrl> E : Move to the end of the command line
<ctrl> F : Move forward one character, same as using "Right Arrow".
<ctrl> B : Move backward one character, same as using "Left Arrow".
<ctrl> P : Repeat Previous command, same as using "Up Arrow".
<ctrl> N : Repeat Next (more recent) command, same as using "Down Arrow".
<esc> B : Moves to beginning of previous word.
<esc> F : Moves to beginning of next word.
<ctrl>R : Creates new command prompt, followed by all the characters typed
at the last one.
4. c
Explanation : Router modes of operation:
1. User EXEC mode:- This is the LOWEST level of access. This allows
examination of router status, see routing tables, and do some diagnostics.
However, you cannot change the router configuration, view the configuration
files, or control the router in any way. The prompt in this mode is "Router>".
2. Privileged (enable) EXEC mode:- This mode allows you to have all the
privileges of EXEC (user) mode plus commands that enable you to view
configuration files, change the router configuration, perform troubleshooting
that could potentially disrupt traffic. The default prompt for this mode is
"Router#".
When you are working in the privileged mode (at # prompt), you can get back
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to user mode by typing "disable" at the "#" prompt.
5. b
Explanation : Key word: COPY <source> <destination>
This command copies configuration information to specified location.
The following are some frequently used COPY commands:
COPY RUNNING-CONFIGURATION STARTUP-CONFIGURATION
(alternatively, you can use an older version of the command, WRITE
MEMORY): This command saves the current configuration to NVRAM.
Alternatively, we can issue the command using short form:
COPY RUNNING STARTUP - Copies configuration from RAM to NVRAM
COPY STARTUP RUNNING - This command merges configuration from
NVRAM to RAM.
COPY FLASH TFTP - Copies current IOS from router flash memory to TFTP
server.
COPY TFTP FLASH - Copies image file from TFTP server to flash. This is
used to upgrade the IOS image file to a newer version, or if your IOS image
becomes corrupt.
6. d
Explanation : Typically, a Cisco router has the following types of memory
components:
1. RAM (or DRAM): This type of memory is used for working storage. This is
where part of IOS image, routing tables, packets, and others are stored during
normal working of a router. RAM is erased when the router is powered off.
2. ROM (Read Only Memory): ROM stores bootstrap code for booting Cisco
IOS. It points to the functional IOS image so that the router can complete its
start-up configuration successfully. It is somewhat analogous the BIOS in PC.
ROM also contains a small portion of IOS.
3. Flash memory: Flash memory contains the fully functional IOS images. It is
the default location for getting IOS image at boot time. You can loosely
compare the IOS image with operating system (say DOS).
4. NVRAM: NVRAM stands for Non Volatile RAM. NVRAM stores the
initial or startup configuration file.
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7. b
Explanation : The first line “Serial0/0 is down, line protocol is down” says
that the Serial 0/0 is down. It usually means a hardware failure on the router
interface. Therefore, it is recommended to check Layer 1 (Physical layer)
parameters. If the Physical layer is okay, and if there is any problem with
protocol matching, you usually get the error “Serial0/0 is up, line protocol is
down”.
8. d
Explanation : 1. A straight-through cable is what you normally use to connect
a PC to a hub or switch
2. A crossover cable is a special type of Ethernet cable used to connect a PC to
a PC or a switch to a switch
3. A rolled cable isn’t actually an Ethernet cable, but looks like one. It is used to
connect a PC to a switch’s console port, for management. This cable is
normally used when configuring a Cisco switch or a router for the first time.
25.3 : Answer keys for Objective Test 3
Not Available in Demo Version
25.4 : Answer keys for Objective Test 4
Not Available in Demo Version
25.5 : Answer keys for Objective Test 5
Not Available in Demo Version
25.6 : Answer keys for Objective Test 6
Not Available in Demo Version
25.7 : Answer keys for Objective Test 7
Not Available in Demo Version
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25.8 : Answer keys for Objective Test 8
Not Available in Demo Version
25.9 : Answer keys for Objective Test 9
Not Available in Demo Version
25.10 : Answer keys for Objective Test 10
Not Available in Demo Version
25.11 : Answer keys for Objective Test 11
Not Available in Demo Version
25.12 : Answer keys for Objective Test 12
Not Available in Demo Version
25.13 : Answer keys for Objective Test 13
Not Available in Demo Version
25.14 : Answer keys for Objective Test 14
Not Available in Demo Version
25.15 : Answer keys for Final Exam
Not Available in Demo Version
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26. ICONS USED IN THE MANUAL
1. Router-Layer 3 Device
2. Workgroup Switch-Layer 2 Device
3. PC/Workstation
4. Serial-Icon to represent a Layer 1 or 2 cable
5. Circuit-Switched Serial
6. Ethernet-Icon to represent Layer 1 or 2 Ethernet cable
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7. Network Cloud
Disclaimer
CertExams.com is neither affiliated with Cisco® Systems, Inc., Microsoft® Corporation, Inc., CompTIA® ,
Check Point Software Corp., Prosoft® or any other company. All trademarks are trademarks of their
respective owners and duly acknowledged.
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