Shaper
In machining,the excess metal is removed by cutting tool.Metal is removed from work with
the tool moving and work stationary (or) the work moving and the tool stationary or both the
tool and the work moving.The shaping machine(shaper) is used for machining flat
surfaces.Work is held stationary on table,tool carried in the tool head reciprocates past the
work with the help of horizontal ram.
WORKING PRINCIPLE OF SHAPER:Used for producing flat surfaces.It is more economical with easier work setting and cheaper
tooling.Job is fixed and cutting tool reciprocates across the workpiece.The tool cuts in
forward stroke and the return stroke remains idle as there is no cutting action in that stroke.
CONDTRUCTION FEATURES:1.BASE
2.COLUMN
3.CROSS RAIL
4.TABLE
5.RAM
6.TOOL HEAD
7.VICE
1.BASE:-Made of cast iron and is mounted rigidly on the floor or on the bench depending
upon the size of machine.Supports other parts of machine and also acts as a reservoir for
supply of oil which is circulated to the moving parts of the machine.
2.COLUMN:-Vertically mounted on the base.The ram driven mechanism is enclosed in the
column.
3.RAM:-Moving part of a shaper and it carries tool head that provides cutting action.
4.CROSSRAIL:-Used to move table vertically(elevating screw) and horizontally(cross-feed
screw).
5.TABLE:-Made of castiron and has a box type construction.It holds and supports the work
during the operation ans slides along the cross rail to provide feed to the work.
6.TOOLHEAD:-Device in which tool is held.It can slide up and down and can be swung to a
desired angle to set the tool at a desired position for the operation.
7.VICE:-Job holding device and can be mounted on the table.It holds and supports the
workpiece during the operation.
SHAPER DRIVING MECHANISM:-A shaper cuts only in the forward stroke and the return
stroke is idle.To reduce machining time,it is necessary to minimise the time required for
return stroke.The driving mechanism provides faster return stroke than cutting stroke.The
mechanism is called quick return motion mechanism.
TYPES OF QUICK RETURN MECHANISM:1.Crank and slotted lever mechanism
2.Whitworth quick return motion mechanism
3.Hydraulic mechanism
SHAPER OPERATIONS:1.Horizontal cutting
2.Vertical cutting
3.Angular cutting
4.Keys,ways,grooves and slot cutting
5.Irregular cutting