Types and Components
Of
Orthodontic Appliances
Names:

Mohamed Hosny Aboelmaaty

201601472
 (The Components part text)

Ahmed Khaled Mohamed Ahmed

201601919
 (The Types part text)

Omar Gamal Abdelshafi

201602364
 (Diagrams)

Mohamed Ahmed Abdelmawgod

201602241
 (Plagiarism check)
I- Types of Orthodontic Appliances:
Elastics (Rubber Bands)
Wearing elastics promotes the fit of the maxillary and mandibular
teeth. Wear rubber bands as instructed, and remember that the
rubber bands work much more effectve if they're worn as instructed.
Removable Appliances
It sometimes mentioned as plates, usually consist of a plastic or
acrylic framework supporting a range of wires which will be active
to maneuver teeth or passive to carry the appliance in place. The
acrylic “plate” also support auxiliaries like expansion screws to
widen the dental arch or springs to maneuver specific teeth.
Removable appliances can’t substitute for braces but could be
used for simple teeth, sometimes as a preliminary measure before more comprehensive
treatment when all permanent teeth have erupted. Plates also can function retainers
which are worn at night time on completion of comprehensive orthodontic treatment to
keep up the treatment result.
Forsus
It is a device that is a substitute to headgear that improves growth in
youth, helping to exclude excessive overbites, promote the fit of
teeth, and possibly prevent the need for jaw surgery.
Headgear
Headgear is employed to treat patients whose teeth are in an overbite,
with the upper jawbone forward of the mandible, or an under bite
with the mandible forward of the upper jawbone. Headgear gently
pulls on teeth to limit further forward growth of upper teeth and jaw.
Herbst Appliance
The Herbst appliance reduces overbite by encouraging the mandible
forward and therefore the upper molars backward. This fixed appliance is
used mostly for growing children and is worn for about 12-15 months.
Palatal Expander
The palatal expander widens upper jawbone by putting gentle little
pressure on upper molars whenever an adjustment is formed. The
orthodontist will give instructions about when and the way to regulate
the expander. Once you obtain the wanted expansion, the patient will
wear the appliance for several months to solidify the expansion and to
stop regression.
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Positioners
Positioners complete the ultimate tooth movements in the
treatment. Together with the patient's cooperation, he/she needs
only get to wear the positioner appliance for four to eight weeks.
Retainers
Retainers could also be removable or fixed. They hold the teeth in
their new, correct positions after the teeth are straightened. The
orthodontist will instruct the patient on the way to look after the
retainer and about the duration of the wear and tear. Wearing a
retainer as directed is crucial to stop regression of the treatment.
Separators or Spacers
Separators are little rubber doughnuts which will be placed between the
teeth to push them apart in order those orthodontic bands could also be
placed during the next appointment. The separators are going to be
removed before we place the bands. Separators don't mix with toothpicks
or sticky foods.
Twin Block Appliance
It is exclusive from other functional appliances, because it involves two separate
appliances (one for the maxillary arch and one for the mandibular arch) working
together to make a complicated mandible position. This patient-friendly appliance is
worn full time, including while eating, though i t's removable for straightforward
hygiene. It's also easier than other jaw-correcting appliances, because it is formed out of
smooth acrylic and utilizes fewer wires.
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II- Components of orthodontic appliance
The success of an fixed orthodontic appliance depends a lot on its components .
We will discuss them.
A) Ligatures:
Ligatures are used for securing the slot and the wire together in their place. There
are two means of it: elastomeric or stainless steel.
1-Elastomeric ligations: they are elastic and small in diameter and they can be stretched
over the tie wings of the bracket.
2-Stainless steel ligations: they are made from 0.01 inch of soft stainless steel. First we
place them around the tie wings with Mathieus's plier, then we twist the terminal
end of the wire for multiple times we can secure the wire ligature. Then we cut
the wire and we tuck the end of the steel tie under the wire to make it
comfortable for the patient.
B) Arch wires:
The arch wire role comes after placing the brackets on teeth. Wires are then
placed within the slots of the bracket which helps in the movement of teeth.
These wires have different shapes such as : round, rectangular and square. They
also have various materials such as: titanium, nickel and stainless steel.
C) Orthodontic brackets:
The original type: It is called EDGEWISE APPLIANCE. It consists of brackets which is
fixed to bands and then placed on teeth. All of the brackets were exactly the
same and all teeth movements were accomplished by means of placing elaborate
bends into the arch wires.
The currently used type: It is called PRE-ADJUSTED EDGEWISE APPLIANCE. This type can
control the labiolingual, misodistal and inclinations of teeth.
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Parts of an orthodontic bracket:
1-HOOK.
2-IDENTIFICATION MARK.
3-SLOT.
4-TIE WINGS.
D) Molar Bands:
While it is possible to place bonded attachments there are some instance s when
more robust means of attachment to the tooth may be indicated. Cases where
we can use bands rather than molar tubes such as: Partially erupted teeth and
teeth with large metal restorations.
There are some markings on the mesial side of the band which indicate the size
of the band and the quadrant of the mouth for it.
E) Auxiliaries:
1-Power Chain: it is made from an elastomeric material and consists of links of
small circles. It can be used for space closure and teeth rotation.
2-Intermaxillary Elastics: its role is to apply force between the maxilla and the
mandible to move teeth and to some extent, the jaws into place. They can be
benefit in class II or class III.
3-Active or Open Coil Spring: they are used for opening the space within the arch. The
coil can be manufactured from stainless steel or nickel titanium.
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 References:
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https://iits.dentistry.utoronto.ca/fixed-orthodonticappliances?fbclid=IwAR3hHLDxToO4eeVZydV2HUrgiM4Fyqim_WPh1uyn3mYfdnlniE5x8dm8
6uc
http://www.mappesortho.com/types-ofappliances?fbclid=IwAR0kL6Lv8F1ceUHFoj9dojIPEIy60kd7rLjmck5SzbXJs3TaiVWS6OtQJfU
http://www.drbibby.com/types-of-appliances
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