scalar reference GPE=mgh Gravitational potential energy system Nonnegative value scalar No nonconservative force do work unit Potential energy EPE=1/2kx^2 change of Kinetic energy = -change of potential energy No nonconservative force work KE=1/2mv^2 Mechanic energy Elastic potential MEi=MEf joule Kinetic energy KE Work Joule scalar No negative value Work-Energy principle W=ΔKE Wnet=Wc+Wnc P=W/t Power Watt scalar W=Fdcosθ scalar