EVOLUTION OF TRANSPORT
Before and after Industrial Revolution
Ema Malatinská 3.A
Transport and the Industrial Revolution
• After the end of 17th century ,the roads were in a terrible state.
• There was a law in 1555 to maintain roads, but it did not work
• Most goods were shipped by sea or rivers
• The goods were then picked up by hauliers who came by collieries with
horses
• In 1748 Pehr Kalm explored that the roads got significantly lower due
to such heavy wagons with horses passing by daily
• The increase in industrial production in 1700 resulted in a need of
improving the transport system
• Poor roads affected also the bussiness of factories
• Merchants then asked for help from the Parliament
• Bussinessmen formed companies called Turnpike Trusts, which
Parliament benefited from
• They maintained and built new roads, but the use of roads was
charged
Turnpike Trusts
• There were over 400 companies
• Not every company built roads the same, some did not invest in them
and some made every effort to provide good roads
• John Metcalf built a 3-mile road in Yorkshire, which would withstand
heavy wagons and bad weather
• Thomas Telford used Romans ideas to build roads
• John Macadam had a cheaper idea to build higher roads
Water transport
• John Gilbert came up with an idea to cut a canal between Worsley
Colliery and Manchester to transport coal
• The canal was then called Bridgewater Canal
• It took 18 months to build a 10-mile canal, built by James Brindley
• The canal was extended to Mersey
• By 1838 canals were built all over Britain along with navigable rivers
Steam Locomotive
• Richard Trevithick,a mining engineer from Cornwall, began to
experiment with a steam locomotive that would replace horses
• By 1796 he constructed a miniature locomotive that worked,
• In 1801 he built a larger locomotive, known as Puffing Devil, but it
could only go on short journeys,
• Samuel Homfray financed Trevithick´s experiment,
• In 1804 the first steam locomotive was produced,
which could run on long rails.
• John Blenkinsop wanted to find a way to reduce the cost of
transporting coals to Leeds
• Experimented to produce a rack railway called Salamanca
• He produced 3 more
• There were many railways built overtime
• Locomotive railway, Stockton and Darlington Railway, the Liverpool and
Manchester railway
Transport after the Industrial Revolution
• Transport was developing very fast
• Bicycle was invented, which was the safest people transport
• Horses were still used for transport but not for goods
• Steam ships were being made, which were faster than sailing ships
• The first car was made in 1896 by the Shearer brother, by 1910 the
motor cars and motor trucks were very common to use
• More railway tracks, coach travels were also possible
• Trams