1. What molecule is most typically broken down during cellular respiration and
fermentation?
2. What organelle, present in both animal and plant cells, completes the breakdown of
glucose during cellular respiration?
3. What kind of biomolecule is glucose?
4. What reactant must be present for cellular respiration to occur but is absent from
fermentation?
5. What gas is produced by cellular respiration and ethanol fermentation?
6. What molecule is formed using energy in glucose and ADP + P during cellular
respiration?
7. Where does fermentation take place in the cell?
8. What molecule is made when animal cells do fermentation?
9. What biomolecule is the product of fermentation done by yeast?
10. What kind of biomolecule is the sucrose used during a fermentation experiment?
11. Mature plants do photosynthesis to make glucose, which is then used to make the ATP
needed to grow and reproduce. Where does a germinating soybean get the glucose
needed to make ATP?
12. Why is it reasonable to hypothesize that sucrose will be more difficult to ferment than
glucose?
13. True or false: Aerobic respiration produces more ATP than anaerobic respiration.
14. What are the products of cellular respiration?
15. By coupling the release of energy from the breakdown of glucose to the synthesis of
ATP, then the amount of energy lost as heat is _____________________.
16. During a typical basketball game, a player undergoes periods of intense activity,
switching between methods of respiration. The muscles rely largely upon ___________
metabolism when oxygen is depleted and on ___________ metabolism once oxygen is
restored.
17. The breakdown of glucose into two pyruvate molecules is called what?
18. The electron carrier that can pick up two electrons and two hydrogen ions is abbreviated
______.
19. What are the four stages of aerobic cellular respiration?
20. Which stages of cellular respiration produce carbon dioxide?
21. What are the product(s) of glycolysis?
22. What is the portion of cellular respiration that consists of passing molecules down a
series of carriers?
23. The electron transport chain starts with _______ energy electrons and ends with ______
energy electrons.
24. The process that allows organisms to harvest energy from glucose in the absence of
oxygen is _______________.
25. The organisms that can produce either alcohol or lactate are ____________________.
26. How many NADH are produced per glucose during the preparatory reaction?
27. When does the 2 carbon acetyl group carried by CoA joins with a C4 molecule to form
citrate?
28. The series of molecules arranged in the cristae of a mitochondrion, which serve to
harvest energy from electrons, is known as what?
29. Cytochrome molecules function in the ______ and are a class of proteins that contain
____.
30. What are the reactants for photosynthesis?
31. What organelle, present in eukaryotic photosynthetic organisms, is the location of
photosynthesis?
32. During photosynthesis, where is water split and oxygen released?
33. Where is CO2 reduced during the Calvin cycle reactions?
34. Besides chlorophyll, what pigments are found in leaves?
35. What color of light is NOT absorbed by green plants?
36. What color of light is absorbed by carotenes?
37. What gas is released during the light reactions of photosynthesis?
38. If net photosynthesis is 15mm/10min and cellular respiration is 1.5mm/10min, how much
is gros photosynthesis?
39. When CO2 combines with H2O, what is the product that turns phenol red yellow?
40. In which molecule do the carbons from CO2 end up after photosynthesis?
41. Deforestation decreases the number of plants available to take up CO2, and use it to
make glucose during photosynthesis. What impact could this have on the pH of the
oceans? Explain your reply.
42. Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic bacteria and appear green in color. As prokaryotic
organisms, they lack chloroplasts but have photosynthetic pigments. Predict where their
photosynthetic pigments are located and what photosynthetic pigment gives them their
color.
43. What is the importance of the light reactions of photosynthesis since they do not directly
produce energy-rich carbohydrates?
44. Which plant organ functions to obtain the water required for the process of
photosynthesis?
45. The process of __________________ converts solar energy into chemical energy of a
carbohydrate.
46. The specific chloroplast structure that contains the photosynthetic pigments is the
______________.
47. The "synthesis" part of the term photosynthesis relates to the production of
______________.
48. Which portion of the electromagnetic spectrum is used in photosynthesis?
49. What are the two components of a photosystem?
50. ______ and ______ are outputs of photosynthesis.
51. Which photosystem is found at the beginning of the noncyclic pathway?
52. What is(are) an output from Photosystem II?
53. Which system is used to pump hydrogen ions across the thylakoid membrane?
54. During which stage are carbohydrates synthesized?
55. Carbon dioxide ______ is the first step of the Calvin cycle.
56. What is the final stage of the Calvin cycle?
57. True or false: The light reactions supply the carbon needed by the Calvin cycle to
produce carbohydrates.