Introduction
LESSON #1
When in doubt of
the terminology,
tell your patients
they’re very sick.
Objectives
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Definition of Medical terminology
Importance of medical terminology
Medical word elements
Word roots
Combining forms
Suffixes
Prefixes
Basic rules
Objectives
• Defining medical words
• Building medical words
• Pronunciation Guidelines
Definition
• Medical terminology is language that is used
to accurately describe the human body and
associated components, conditions, processes
and procedures in a science-based manner.
• Some examples are: R.I.C.E., trapezius, and
latissimus dorsi. It is to be used in
the medical and nursing fields.
Definition
• The words – or terms – which make up the language of
medicine are referred to as the terminology of the medical
field…known as medical terminology.
• Like every other language, medical terminology has
changed over time and will continue to change.
• Most medical terms come from the Greek and Latin
languages.
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Importance of the Medical
Terminology
• Simplify communication/break down the
language barrier.
• Easy understanding(common language)
• They are specific terminologies, thus makes
no need to use general terminology
word elements
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The medical word contains all or some of these;
Word root
Combining form
Suffixes
Word Elements
Prefixes
E.g. Dermatitis = defined as the inflammation of the skin.
Inflammation(suffix)
Skin(word root)
Word elements
Tonsillectomy
Tonsil(root)
oligospermia
ctomy(remove)
Prefix(Little ) word root
suffix(state/conditions)
Peritonsillitis = Inflammation of the tissues surrounding the tonsil
Around(prefix)
tonsil(Root)
inflammation(suffix)
Word root
A root is the basic element of a word, and it is the foundation
on which the meaning of a word is built.
Many roots are real words in their own right and term.
Although these roots can have other elements, they don't
need other elements to be complete.
A root can be a whole word or a part of a
word. Roots come from many different
languages, mainly Greek and Latin, and find
their way into English.
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Word roots
• All medical terms have at least one word root
• Most of word root are either in Greek or Latin
language.
E.g. of Respiratory system word roots and the meaning
Alveol ………. Alveolus(one), Alveoli(many)
Bronch……….Bronchus/bronchi
Epiglott ………Epiglottis
Lob……………..Lobe
Nas …………….Nose
Or ………………Mouth
Combining forms
Combining(Linking) forms is formed when a word root is
combined with a vowel.
usually “o”, but occasionally “e” or “i”.
i.e Combined form= word root + o
Most medical terms can be broken down into parts like a
sentence.
Common word parts/components:
 Prefixes / Roots or Words / Suffixes
The medical terms will contain one or more of these
components.
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Combining forms
Word root
vowel
Bronch + i/o/u eg Bronchus/Bronchiectasis
Epiglott +
I eg Epiglottitis
Pharyng + i/o eg Pharyngitis/
pharyngotonsilitis
Or
+ a eg oral
Combining forms(Colors)
Alb/o, Albin/o, Leuk/o – white
Chlor/o – green
Cirrh/o – orange-yellow
Cyan/o – blue
Eosin/o, Erythr/o, Rhod/o, Rose/o, Rubr/i/o –
red, rosy
Flav/o, Jaund/o, Lute/o, Xanth/o – yellow
Fusc/o – dark brown
Combining forms (color)
Glauc/o – gray, bluish greenan/o – black
Poli/o, Tephr/o – gray, ashen
Purpur/i - purple
PREFIX
A prefix is a word component placed in front of a
root/word to change or modify its meaning.
A prefix can give a root direction or position. It can also
give a root a specific type/ classification, quality, or
quantity.
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Common Prefixes
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Ab- away from midline
Acu- needle
Anti- against
Auto- self
Bi- two, both, double
Dys- abnormal, bad, painful
Hemi- half
Hetero- opposite, different
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Homo- same, similar
Hyster- uterus
Men- menstruation
Quadri- four
Re- back, again
Super- above, beyond
Tri- three
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More Prefixes!
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A-, An- without, none
Ad- toward/near midline
Acro- extremities
Ambi- on both sides
Bio- life
Brady- slow
Circum- around, encircling
Contra- against
Dys- difficult, painful, bad,
abnormal
• Endo- within
• Epi- upon, over, above
• Ex- out, out of
• Hyper- excessive, above,
too much, over, beyond
• Hypo- less than, under,
below, deficient
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PREFIXES continued
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Hydro- fluid, water
Inter- between
Intra- within
Iso- equal
Mal- ill, bad
Meta- after, beyond,
change
• Multi- many, more than
one
• Neo- new or abnormal
• Poly- many, much
• Post- after, behind
• Pro- before, in front of,
forward
• Retro- behind, backward
• Sub- under, below, beneath
• Supra- above, on the top side
• Tachy- fast
• Trans- across, over
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SUFFIX
A suffix is a word component added to the end of a
root/word that changes or modifies its usage,
function, or meaning.
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SUFFIXES: Surgical Procedures
-centesis – to puncture/tap to draw fluid from
-desis – surgical fixation, fusion
-ectomy – excision, removal, cut out
-pexy - fixation
-plasty – surgical repair, correction
-rrhaphy – suture
-sect – to cut
-stomy – forming a new opening
-tome – instrument for cutting
-tomy – incision into, cut into
-tripsy – to crush, break down
-puncture – to pierce a surface
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Moe, after the
bandages come off
and the wounds
heal, you’ll still be a
pig.
SUFFIXES: diagnostic procedures
-assay – examine, analyze
-gram – written record, recording
-graph – instrument for recording
-graphy – process of recording
-manometer – instrument for measuring pressure
-manometry – process of measuring pressure
-meter – instrument for measuring
-metery – process of measuring
-opsy – to view
-scope - instrument for examining
-scopy – process of examining, examination
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SUFFIXES: 5 rrh’s
-rrhagia – excessive flow, profuse fluid discharge
-rrhage – excessive flow, profuse fluid discharge
-rrhaphy – suture
-rrhea – flow, discharge
-rrhexis - rupture
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SUFFIXES: pertaining to…
Suffixes that all mean pertaining to:
-ac (cardiac)
-al (dental)
-ar (tonsilar)
-ary (pulmonary)
-ia (bradycardia)
-ic (gastric)
-ical (chemical)
-ium (cardium)
-ous (mucous)
-tic (pancreatic)
-us (hydrocephalus)
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More Suffixes!
-algia, -algesia – pain
-cele – herniation, swelling
-cide – killing, agent that kills
-cyte - cell
-emia – blood condition
-ism – condition, disease
-ist – specialist
-itis – inflammation
-logist – one who studies, specialist
-logia, -logy – the study of
-lysis – destruction, break down
-megaly – enlarged
-oid – resembling, like
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MORE SUFFIXES
-oma – tumor, mass
-opia, -opsia – vision
-osis – condition of
-pathy – disease
-plasm – growth/formation of tissue
-pnea – breath, breathing
-porosis – porous, decrease in density
-ptosis – drooping, prolapsed
-ptysis – spitting, spit up
-spasm – twitching, involuntary contraction
-therapy – treatment
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Rules!
To define medical terms, divide or slash them into their
component parts; these word components are called
prefixes, suffixes, and roots.
Use the hyphen ( - ) after the word component to
indicate that it is a prefix; use it after the combining
form to indicate that it needs a suffix; use it before the
word component to indicate it is a suffix.
For example: Epi-gastr/o/-cele
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More Rules!
Use the combining vowel “o” when a suffix begins with a consonant.
i.e Termin/o/logy
Use the combining vowel “o” when combining two roots only if the
second root begins with a consonant. i.e. Pneum/o/thorax
Do not use the combining vowel “o” if you are combining a second
root that begins with a vowel or a suffix that begins with a vowel (a,
e, i, o, u, and sometimes y). i.e. Pneum/arthr/osis
Add –y to a word to indicate a procedure (gastroscopy) or –ly to
indicate an act or process (splenomegaly).
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And More Rules!!
The suffix –osis always denotes a condition (usually abnormal).
When combined with the color roots erythr/o- (red) and
leuk/o- (white), it represents a condition of abnormally
increased blood cells.
Most of the time, word components denoting color are used as
prefixes. However, sometimes they are the root of the
medical term.
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THE BODY
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BLOOD
CARDIOVASCULAR
ENDOCRINE
GASTROINTESTINAL
INTEGUMENTARY
LYMPHATIC/IMMUNE
MUSCULAR
NERVOUS
 REPRODUCTIVE –
FEMALE
 REPRODUCTIVE –
MALE
 RESPIRATORY
 SENSES (5)
 SKELETAL
 URINARY
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BLOOD SYSTEM
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Agglutin/o – clumping
Amyl/o - starch
Anis/o – unequal
Angi/o – blood/ lymph vessels
Arteri/o - artery
Bas/o, basi/o – base, foundation
Coagul/o – coagulation, clotting
Eosin/o – red, rosy, dawn
Erythr/o – red
Ferr/i, ferr/o – iron
Granul/o – granules
Haem/a, hem/o, hemat/o - blood
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BLOOD SYSTEM
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Kal/i – potassium
Leuk/o – white
Myel/o – bone marrow, spinal cord
Natr/o – sodium
Neutr/o –neutral
Norm/o – normal, usual
Phleb/o - vein
Phosphat/o – phosphate
Poikil/o – variation, irregular
Pykn/o, pycn/o – thick, dense
Rhod/o – red, rosy
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BLOOD SYSTEM
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Sangu/i, sanguin/o – blood
Sapr/o – rotten, decay
Schist/o – split, cleft
Ser/o – serum, serous
Sider/o – iron
Spher/o – round, sphere
Strept/o – twisted, curved
Thromb/o – clot, thrombus
Vas/o, vascul/o – blood vessel
Ven/o - vein
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PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER
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Hem/o/lysis - ______________________
Hyper/kal/emia - ___________________
Thromb/o/pheresis - ________________
Hyp/o/volemia - ____________________
Erythr/o/cyte - _____________________
Phleb/itis - ________________________
Hemat/o/logy - _____________________
©2009 by Flex Ed All Rights Reserved
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PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER
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Hem/o/lysis –
Hyper/kal/emia –
Thromb/o/pheresis Hyp/o/volemia –
Erythr/o/cyte –
Phleb/itis –
Hemat/o/logy -
 Blood breakdown
 Excess potassium in the blood
 Clot removal
 Low blood volume
 Red blood cell
 Vein inflammation
 Study of blood
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CARDIOVASCULAR
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Cardium – the heart
Cardi/o – heart
Angi/o – vessel
Aort/o – aorta
Arteri/o - artery
Ather/o – fatty substance, plaque
Atri/o – atrium
Coron/o – heart
Embol/o – embolus, clot
Isch/o – supress, restraint
Mi/o – less, smaller
My/o - muscle
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CARDIOVASCULAR
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Palpit/o, palpitat/o – flutter, throbbing
Rhe/o – flow, current, stream
Sphygm/o – pulse
Tel/e – distant, far, end
Valv/o, valvul/o – valve
Varic/o – varicose veins
Vas/o, vascul/o – vessel
Ven/o – vein
Ventricul/o – heart/ brain ventricle
Venul/o - venule
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PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER
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Cardi/o/megaly - ____________________
Cardi/o/my/o/pathy - _________________
Brady/card/ia - _____________________
Tachy/card/ia - _____________________
Peri/card/ium - _____________________
My/o/card/ia - ______________________
Sphygm/o/man/o/meter - _____________
Arteri/o/scler/osis - __________________
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PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER
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Cardi/o/megaly Cardi/o/my/o/pathy
Brady/card/ia Tachy/card/ia Peri/card/ium My/o/card/ia Sphygm/o/man/o/meter Arteri/o/scler/osis -
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Enlarged heart
Heart muscle disease
Slow heart rate
Fast heart rate
Sac around the heart
Heart muscle
Blood pressure cuff
Hardening of the arteries
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DIRECTIONAL TERMS
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Medial, Medi/o – midline, toward the center (middle)
Lateral, Later/o – towards the side, away from the midline
Superior, Super/o – above, over
Inferior, Infer/o – below, under
Proximal, Proxim/o – near, closest to the origin
Distal, Dist/o – away from, farthest from the origin
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DIRECTIONAL TERMS
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Cranial, crani/o – toward the head
Caudal, caud/o – toward the back or tail
Dorsal, dors/o – near upper surface, back
Ventral, ver/o – toward the bottom, front
 Posterior, poster/o – back, behind, after, toward the rear
 Anterior, anter/o – front, in front of
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PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER
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Mediosuperior –
Inferolateral –
Laterosuperior –
Inferomedial –
Posterosuperior –
Anterolateral –
Posteromedial –
Proximolateral -
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PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER
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Mediosuperior – Middle, upper
Below, to the side
Inferolateral –
Laterosuperior – To the side, upper
Below, middle
Inferomedial –
Posterosuperior – Back, upper
Front, to the side
Anterolateral –
Posteromedial – Back, middle
Proximolateral - Closest to the point of
origin, to the side
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ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
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Acr/o – extremities
Aden/o – gland
Adren/o – adrenal glands
Cortic/o – cortex
Crin/o – secrete, separate
Gluc/o, glyc/o – glucose, sugar
Hirsut/o – hairy
Hormon/o – hormone
Hidr/o - sweat
• Sial/o - saliva
• Thym/o – thymus gland
• Thyr/o, thyriod/o – thyroid
gland
• Tox/o, toxic/o – poison,
toxins
• Troph/o – growth,
nourishment
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MATCH THE TERMS
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Adrenalectomy
Adrenalitis
Pancreatalgia
Pancreatolith
Corticoadrenal
Crinogenic
Hirsutism
Hormonopoiesis
Pinealopathy
A. Pancreatic stone
B. Pertaining to the cortex adrenal
glands
C. Condition of being hairy
D. Removal of adrenal glands
E. Hormone formation
F. Disease of the pineal gland
G. Pain in the pancreas
H. Inflammed adrenal glands
I. Production of secretions
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MATCH THE TERMS
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Adrenalectomy
Adrenalitis
Pancreatalgia
Pancreatolith
Corticoadrenal
Crinogenic
Hirsutism
Hormonopoiesis
Pinealopathy
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Removal of adrenal glands
Inflammed adrenal glands
Pain in the pancreas
Pancreatic stone
Cortex and adrenal glands
Production of secretions
Condition of being hairy
Hormone formation
Disease of the pineal gland
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GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM
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Abdomin/o – abdomen
Amyl/o – starch
An/o – anus
Bil/i – bile
Bucc/o – cheek
Cec/o – cecum
Celi/o – abdomen
Chol/e – gall, bile
Cholecyst/o - gallbladder
Col/o – colon
Dent/i - tooth
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GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM
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Dips/o – thirst
Duoden/o – doudenum
Enter/o – intestines
Esophag/o – esophogus
Gastr/o – stomach
Gingiv/o – gums
Gloss/o – tongue
Hepat/o – liver
Ile/o – ileum
Jejun/o - jejunum
Please pass the
thingy for the
thingy.
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GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM
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Lapar/o – abdominal wall
Lingu/o – tongue
Odont/o – tooth
Or/o – mouth
Orth/o – straight, normal,
correct
Palat/o – palate
Peps/o - digestion
Peritone/o – peritoneum
Phag/o – eating, ingestion
Proct/o – rectum, anus
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Ptyal/o, sial/o – saliva
Pyr/o – heat, fever, fire
Rect/o – rectum
Sigmoid/o – sigmoid colon
Staphyl/o – uvula
Stomat/o - mouth
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FILL IN THE BLANKS
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Cholescystectomy - _______________________
Colonoscopy - ____________________________
Hepatomegaly - __________________________
Abdominocentesis - _______________________
Biligenesis – _____________________________
Colostomy - _____________________________
Enteroclysis - ____________________________
Esophagocele - ___________________________
Epigastric - ______________________________
Gingivitis - ______________________________
Laparoscope - ____________________________
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FILL IN THE BLANKS
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Cholescystectomy
Colonoscopy
Hepatomegaly
Abdominocentesis
Biligenesis
Colostomy
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Enteroclysis
Esophagocele
Epigastric
Gingivitis
Laparoscope
Removal of the gallbladder
Examination of the colon
Enlarged liver
To draw fluid from the abdomen
The production of bile
Forming an opening between the
colon and the abdominal wall
Irrigation/washing of the intestines
Swelling/herniation of esophagus
Pertaining to above the stomach
Inflammed gums
Instrument to examine abdomen
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INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
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Acanth/o – thorny, spiny
Actin/o – ray, radiation
Brom/o – odor
Caus/o, cauter/o – burn
Chrom/o – color
Chrys/o – gold
Cutane/o – skin
Derm/o, dermat/o – skin
Erythem/o – flushed, redness
Eschar/o – scab
Hidr/o, sud/o - sweat
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INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
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Lepid/o – flakes, scales
Lepr/o – leprosy
Onych/o, Ungu/o – nail
Papul/o – papule, pimple,
acne
• Perspir/o – breathe through
• Pil/o, Trich/o – hair
• Prurit/o, Psor/o – itching
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Py/o – pus
Rhytid/o – wrinkle
Seb/o – sebum
Steat/o – fat
Ul/o – scar, scarring
Verruc/i – wart
Xer/o - dry
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MATCH THE TERMS
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Causalgia
Dermatopathy
Escharectomy
Onychomycosis
Lepidosis
Dermatitis
Xeroderma
Papulosis
Verrucosis
Hyperulosis
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Condition of fungal nails
Removal of a scab
Burning pain
Skin inflammation
Skin disease
Condition of pimples, acne
Condition of flaky skin
Excessive scarring
Dry skin
Condition of warts
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LYMPHATIC/IMMUNE SYSTEM
• Adenoid/o – adenoids
• Axill/o – armpit
• Immun/o – protection,
immune
• Lien/o – spleen
• Lymph/o – lymph
• Lymphaden/o – lymph
nodes
• Nod/o – knot
• Ple/o - more
• Sarc/o – flesh
• Septic/o –the immune
response to a severe
infection, putrefaction
• Splen/o – spleen
• Tetan/o – tetanus
• Tonsill/o – tonsils
• Top/o – particular place or
area
• Vaccin/o - vaccine
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FILL IN THE BLANKS
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Axillary lymphadenitis - ______________
Lymphedema - _____________________
Splenemphraxis - ___________________
Lymphangiophlebitis - ________________
Prophylaxis - _______________________
Septicemia - _______________________
Tonsillitis - ________________________
Lienomalacia - ______________________
Nodular - __________________________
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FILL IN THE BLANKS
• Axillary
lymphadenitis
• Lymphedema
• Splenemphraxis
• Lymphangiophlebitis
• Prophylaxis
• Septicemia
• Tonsillitis
• Lienomalacia
• Nodular
– Inflammation of the lymph nodes
in the armpits
– Lymph swelling
– Spleen obstruction
– Venous inflammation of the
lymphatic vessels
– Prevention of a disease
– Immune response to a severe
blood infection
– Inflammation of the tonsils
– Softening of the spleen
– Pertaining to knots
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MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM
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Asthen/o - weakness
Aux/o – growth, acceleration
Erg/o – work
Fasci/o –fascia, connective tissue
Fibr/o – fiber, fibrous
Flect/o, flex/o – bend
Kinesi/o – movement
Lei/o –smooth
Ligament/o – ligament
Muscul/o, my/o, myos/o – muscle
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MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM
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Pale/o – old
Pyg/o – buttock
Rhabd/o - rod
Rhabdomy/o - skeletal muscle
Rot/o, Rotat/o – turn, rotate, revolve
Sthen/o – strength
Syndesm/o – ligament, connective tissue
Ten/o, Tenont/o – tendon
Therapeut/o – treatment
Ton/o – tone, tension
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MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM
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Ankyl/o – stiff, crooked, bent
Arthr/o, Articul/o – joint
Brachi/o – arm
Burs/o – bursa
Calcane/o – heel
Carp/o – wrist
Centr/o – center
Cephal/o – head
Cervic/o – cervix, neck of the uterus
Cheir/o, Chir/o – hand
Chondr/o - cartilage
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MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM
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Cleid/o – clavicle
Coccyg/o – coccyx, tailbone
Cost/o – rib
Cox/o – hip
Crani/o – skull
Cubit/o – elbow, forearm
Dactyl/o – digit of finger/toe
Dent/o – tooth, teeth
Faci/o – face
Femor/o – femur
Fibul/o – fibula, small calf
bone
• Geni/o – chin
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MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM
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Gnath/o – jaw
Gnos/o – knowledge
Goni/o – angle
Gyr/o – circle, spiral
Humer/o – humerus, upper arm bone
Ili/o – ilium, bone in pelvis
Ischi/o – ischium, lower back hip bone
Kyph/o – humpback
Lamin/o – lamina, plate or layer
Lip/o – fat
Lord/o – curvature, bending
Lox/o – oblique, slanting
Lumb/o – lower back, loin
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MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM
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•
•
Maxill/o – maxilla, upper jaw
Mel/o – limb, limbs
Om/o – shoulder
Opisth/o – backward, behind
Oste/o – bone
Patell/o – patella, knee cap
Ped/o, pod/o – foot
Pelv/i – pelvis
Perone/o – fibula, small calf bone
Petr/o – stone
Phalang/o – phalanges, finger/ toe
bones
63
MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM
• Pub/o – pubis
• Rachi/o – spine
• Sacr/o – sacrum, triangular
bone @ bottom of spine &
back of pelvic cavity
• Scapul/o – scapula, shoulder
blade
• Scoli/o – crooked, twisted
• Skelet/o – skeleton
• Spin/o – spinal cord, spine
• Spondyl/o – vertebrae, spinal
cord
• Stern/o – sternum
• Synov/o – synovia, joint fluid
membrane
• Tal/o – talus, bone connecting
leg to foot
• Tars/o – tarsus, foot bone,
edge of eyelid
• Tibi/o – tibia, large calf bone
• Vertebr/o – vertebra
• Xiph/o – sword-shaped,
xiphoid
64
MATCH THE TERMS
e
‗
h
‗
j‗
a‗
d
‗
b
‗
f‗
c‗
g‗
i‗
Bursitis
Hydrocephalus
Lipochondroma
Intercostal
Myasthenia
Pygalgia
Arthritis
Craniotomy
Kyphoscoliosis
Myocarcinoma
a. Between ribs
b. Pain in the buttocks
c. Cut into skull
d. Muscle weakness
e. Inflammation of bursa
f. Joint inflammation
g. Humpback/crooked spine
h. Fluid in the head
i. Cancer tumor in muscle
j. Tumor of fat & cartilage
65
NERVOUS SYSTEM
• Astr/o – star
• Atel/o – incomplete,
imperfect
• Cerebell/o – cerebellum
• Cerebr/o – cerebrum, brain
• Drom/o – running
• Encephal/o – brain
• Esthesi/o – sensation, feeling
• Gangli/o, Ganglion/o – a cyst
on/around joint/tendon
• Gli/o – glue, neuroglia
•
•
•
•
•
Heli/o – sun
Hydr/o – water, hydrogen
Keraun/o – lightning
Log/o – word, speech, thought
Mening/o – meninges,
membranes
• Ment/o – mind
• Myel/o – spinal cord, bone
marrow
66
NERVOUS SYSTEM
• Narc/o – numbness, stupor
• Neur/o – nerve
• Phaner/o – visible,
apparent
• Phob/o – fear, aversion
• Phren/o – mind, diaphragm
• Picr/o – bitter
• Pies/i – pressure
• Pleg/o - paralyzed
• Poli/o – gray (matter)
• Por/o – opening,
passageway
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Psych/o – mind
Psychr/o – cold
Radicul/o – nerve root
Rhiz/o – root
Schiz/o – split, division
Somn/i – sleep
Syring/o – tube, fistula
Tax/o – coordination
Tel/o – end
Tephr/o – gray (ashen)
Thanat/o – death
Thec/o – sheath
Vag/o – vagus nerve
67
FILL IN THE BLANKS
1. Atelomyelia - ____________________________
2. Cerebellospinal - _________________________
3. Encephalomalacia - _______________________
4. Esthesioneurosis - ________________________
5. Gliocyte - _______________________________
6. Hypnotic - _______________________________
7. Insomnia - ______________________________
8. Meningocele - ___________________________
9. Myelocele - _____________________________
10. Neurotripsy - ____________________________
11. Vagolysis - ______________________________
68
FILL IN THE BLANKS
1. Atelomyelia
2. Cerebellospinal
3. Encephalomalacia
4. Esthesioneurosis
5. Gliocyte
6. Hypnotic
7. Insomnia
8. Meningocele
9. Myelocele
10. Neurotripsy
11. Vagolysis
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
Imperfect spinal cord
Pertaining to cerebellum/spine
Softening of the brain
Condition of nerve sensation
Cell glue
Pertaining to sleep
Condition of not sleeping
Membrane swelling/herniation
Spinal cord swelling/herniation
Nerve break down
Vagus nerve destruction
69
Reproductive System: FEMALE
• Amni/o – sac around the embryo
• Cervic/o –neck of the uterus, cervix
• Chor/i – chorion, two layers that surround the
embryo/amniotic sac and other membranes
• Colp/o, vagin/o – vagina
• Culd/o – cul-de-sac
• Embry/o – embryo, fetus
• Episi/o, vulv/o – vulva
• Fet/o – fetus
• Galact/o, lact/o – milk
• Gravid/o - pregnancy
• Gynec/o – woman
70
Reproductive System: FEMALE
• Helc/o – ulcer
• Hymen/o – hymen, membrane that surrounds the vaginal
opening
• Hyster/o, uter/o – uterus
• Lecith/o – yolk, ovum
• Mamm/o – mammary glands in breast
• Mast/o – breast
• Men/o – menses, menstruation
• Metr/o – uterus
• Nat/o – birth
• O/o, ov/i, ov/o – egg, ovum
• Obstetr/o – midwife
71
FEMALE Continued
• Omphal/o – navel
• Oophor/o, ovari/o – ovary
• Perine/o – perineum, surface area between the pubic arch,
the tailbone, & the legs (male or female)
• Per/o – deformed, maimed
• Sacchar/o – sugar
• Salping/o – fallopian tubes
• Terat/o – monster, wonder
• Thel/o – nipple
• Toc/o – childbirth, labor
• Tub/o – tube
• Viv/i – life, alive
72
MATCH THE TERMS
d.
‗
h.
‗
j.‗
‗
a.
i.‗
‗
b.
‗
e.
‗
g.
‗
c.
‗
f.
Amniocentesis
Cervicovaginitis
Ovariocyesis
Episiostenosis
Hysterosalpingoophorectomy
Lactorrhea
Menopause
Menorrhagia
Neonatology
Septipara
a. hardening of the vulva
b. milk discharge
c. study of new birth
d. to puncture/tap into the wall of the
uterus to draw out amniotic fluid
e. menstrual cessation
f. seven pregnancies
g. excessive menstrual flow
h. inflamed cervix and vagina
i. removal of the uterus, fallopian
tubes, and ovaries
j. pregnancy in an ovary
73
Reproductive System: MALE
• Andr/o – male
• Balan/o – glans penis, tip of the
penis
• Blenn/o - mucus
• Crypt/o – hidden, concealed
• Epididym/o – epididymis
• Genit/o – reproduction
• Gon/o – genitals, semen
• Gonad/o – gonads, primary
reproductive organs (testes-male,
ovaries-female)
• Inguin/o - groin
• Olig/o – scanty, few, little
• Orch/o, orchi/o, orchid/o – testis
74
Reproductive System: MALE
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Osche/o – scrotum
Phall/o – penis
Phim/o – muzzle
Prostat/o – prostate glands
Semen/i - semen
Sperm/o, spermat/o – sperm, spermatozoa
Test/o, testicul/o – testis
Vas/o – vas deferens, vessel
Venere/o – sexual intercourse
Vesicul/o – seminal vesicle, gland that produces 70% of
the fluid that becomes semen
75
FILL IN THE BLANKS
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Balanoblennorrhea - _________________
Gonorrhea - _______________________
Oligospermia - _____________________
Orchidynia - _______________________
Oscheoplasty - _____________________
Phallemphraxis - ____________________
Spermicide - _______________________
Vasectomy - _______________________
76
FILL IN THE BLANKS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Balanoblennorrhea
Gonorrhea
Oligospermia
Orchidynia
Oscheoplasty
Phallemphraxis
Spermicide
Vasectomy
1. Mucus discharge from the glans
penis
2. Genital discharge
3. Pertaining to low sperm
4. Pain in the testis
5. Scrotum corrective surgery
6. Penis obstruction
7. Sperm killer
8. Removal of vas deferens
77
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
• Alveol/o – alveolus
• Aspir/o, aspirat/o – inhaling,
removal
• Blenn/o – mucus
• Bronch/o – bronchus, airway
• Bronchiol/o – bronchiole
• Capn/o – carbon dioxide
• Coni/o – dust
• Epiglott/o – epiglottis
• Lal/o – speech, babble
• Lampr/o – clear
• Laryng/o – larynx
• Lept/o – slender, thin, delicate
• Lob/o – lobe
• Mediastin/o – mediastinum,
central area of thoracic cavity
• Nas/o – nose
• Olfact/o, osm/o, osphresi/o –
sense of smell, odor, impulse
• Ox/o – oxygen
• Pector/o – chest
• Phas/o – speech
78
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
•
•
•
•
•
•
Phon/o – voice, sound
Phren/o – diaphragm, mind
Pimel/o - fat, fatty
Pleur/o – pleura
Pnea – breathing, breath
Pneum/o, pneumon/o – lung,
air
• Pulmon/o – lung
• Respir/o, respirat/o – breath,
breathing
• Rhin/o – nose
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Sept/o – partition
Silic/o – silica, quartz
Sin/o, sinus/o – cavity, sinus
Span/o – scanty, scarce
Spir/o – breath, breathing
Steth/o – chest
Therm/o – heat
Thorac/o, thorax/o – chest
Trache/o – trachea
79
MATCH THE TERMS
g.
‗
‗
i.
‗
n.
‗
f.
‗
l.
‗
c.
‗
a.
‗
j.
‗
e.
‗
k.
‗
m.
‗
‗
h.
‗
b.
d.
Apnea
Alveolar atelectasis
Bronchospasm
Epiglottitis
Hemoptysis
Hemothorax
Hypercapnia
Hypoxia
Laryngoscope
Pneumonitis
Spirometry
Stethoscope
Thoracentesis
Trachealmalacia
a) condition of excessive carbon dioxide
b) to puncture/tap to draw fluid from the
thoracic cavity
c) blood in the thoracic cavity
d) trachea softening
e) instrument to examine the larynx
f) inflammation of the epiglottis
g) without breathing
h) instrument to examine/listen to chest
i) incomplete expansion of alveoli
j) low/deficient oxygen
k) lung inflammation
l) spitting up blood
m) to measure breathing
n) airway contraction/twitching
80
URINARY SYSTEM
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Albumin/o – albumin
Azot/o – nitrogen, urea
Calci/o – calcium
Cali/o – calyx
Cupr/o - copper
Cyst / o – bladder
Fusc/o – dark brown
Glomerul/o - glomerulus
Glyc/o, gluc/o – sugar
Keton/o – ketones
Lith/o – stone, calculus
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Nephr/o – kidney
Py/o – pus
Pyel/o – renal pelvis
Ren/o – kidney
Ur/o, urin/o – urine
Ureter/o – ureter
Urethr/o – urethra
Uric/o – uric acid
Vesic/o – urinary bladder
81
FILL IN THE BLANKS
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Cholecystectomy - ________________________
Cystitis - ________________________________
Hematuria - _____________________________
Nephrolithectomy - _______________________
Nephrology - ____________________________
Nephrosclerosis - _________________________
Pyuria - _________________________________
Renogastric - ____________________________
Ureterostomy - ___________________________
Urethratresia - ___________________________
82
FILL IN THE BLANKS
1. Cystectomy
2. Cystitis
3. Hematuria
4. Nephrolithectomy
5. Nephrology
6. Nephrosclerosis
7. Pyuria
8. Renogastric
9. Ureterostomy
10. Urethratresia
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
Removal of the bladder
Bladder/cyst inflammation
Pertaining to blood in the urine
Removal of kidney stones
The study of the kidneys
Hardening of the kidneys
Pus in the urine
Pertaining to the kidneys & stomach
Forming a new opening for the ureter
Occlusion of the urethra
83
FIVE SENSES
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
: HEARING
Acous/o, acoust/o - hearing
Audi/o, audit/o – hearing
Aur/o - ear
Aricul/o – ear
Cochle/o – snail-shaped,
auditory portion of inner ear
Myring/o - eardrum
Ot/o – ear
Son/o - sound
Tympan/o - eardrum
84
FIVE SENSES:
SMELL
I smell
trouble!
•
•
•
•
•
85
Nas/o – nose
Olfact/o – smell
Osm/o – smell
Ophresi/o - smell
Rhin/o - nose
FIVE SENSES:
•
•
•
•
TOUCH
Haph/e – touch
Pselaphes/o – touch
Tact/o – touch
Thigm/o - touch
86
FIVE SENSES:
TASTE
•
•
•
•
•
•
Gloss/o - tongue
Gustat/o – taste
Gust/o – taste
Lingu/o - tongue
Or/o – mouth
Stomat/o – mouth
87
FIVE SENSES:
VISION
• Blephar/o, palpebr/o –
eyelid
• Conjunctiv/o – conjunctiva,
thin membrane that covers
the inside of the eyelid &
outside of eyeball
• Cor/o, pupill/o – pupil
• Corne/o – cornea
• Dacry/o – tear
• Dipl/o – double
• Hygr/o – moisture
• Ir/o, irid/o – iris
• Kerat/o – cornea
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Lacrim/o – tear/lacrimal duct
Logad/o – whites of the eyes
Ocul/o – eye
Ophry/o – eyebrow
Ophthalm/o – eye
Opt/o – vision
Phac/o, phak/o – lens
Retin/o – retina
Scler/o – sclera
Stigmat/o – point
Uve/o – uvea
Vitre/o - glassy
88
MATCH THE TERMS
1. Acoustic
2. Myringosis
3. Otodynia
4. Otorrhea
5. Nasopharyngeal
6. Osmosis
7. Rhinoplasty
8. Rhinohemorrhagia
9. Haphephobia
10. Haphalgia
11. Thigmesthesia
12. Glossoepiglottic
13. Glossodynia
14. Stomatopathy
15. Blepharoptosis
16. Conjunctivitis
17. Diplopia
18. Opthalmologist
19. Phacomalacia
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
k)
l)
m)
n)
o)
p)
q)
r)
s)
Pain in the ear
Pertaining to the nose and pharynx
Condition of smelling
Surgical repair/correction of the nose
Pertaining to hearing
Ear discharge
Condition of the eardrum
Painful touch
Pertaining to the tongue and epiglottis
Drooping eyelid
Excessive blood flow from the nose
Eye specialist
Sensation of touch
Fear of being touched
Double vision
Tongue pain
Softening of the lens of the eye
Inflammation of the conjunctiva
89 mouth
Disease of the
MATCH THE TERMS
1. Acoustic
2. Myringosis
3. Otodynia
4. Otorrhea
5. Nasopharyngeal
6. Osmosis
7. Rhinoplasty
8. Rhinohemorrhagia
9. Haphephobia
10. Haphalgia
11. Thigmesthesia
12. Glossoepiglottic
13. Glossodynia
14. Stomatopathy
15. Blepharoptosis
16. Conjunctivitis
17. Diplopia
18. Opthalmologist
19. Phacomalacia
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
k)
l)
m)
n)
o)
p)
q)
r)
s)
Pain in the ear
Pertaining to the nose and pharynx
Condition of smelling
Surgical repair/correction of the nose
Pertaining to hearing
Ear discharge
Condition of the eardrum
Painful touch
Pertaining to the tongue and epiglottis
Drooping eyelid
Excessive blood flow from the nose
Eye specialist
Sensation of touch
Fear of being touched
Double vision
Tongue pain
Softening of the lens of the eye
Inflammation of the conjunctiva
90 mouth
Disease of the
TERMS THAT DON’T FOLLOW THE RULES
• Antispasmodic – drug agent that supresses involuntary
contractions
• Aphagia – difficulty or loss of the ability to swallow or eat
• Sumptomatology – the study of symptoms
• Perianal – pertaining to around the anus
• Thrombus – a solid mass formed in the heart or vessels (blood
clot)
• Lithotomy – incision to remove a stone
• Uremia – pertaining to urea in the blood
• Emphysema – a pathologic accumulation of air in tissues or
organs
• Pyocele – collection of pus in a bodily cavity
91
TERMS THAT DON’T FOLLOW THE RULES
• Pneumothorax – air in the chest / thorax
• Diplegia – paralysis of like parts on both sides of the
body
• Leukemia – progressive, malignant disease of the
blood forming organs, a type of cancer
• Multipara – a woman who has had two or more
births
• Autodiagnosis – self diagnosis
TERMS THAT DON’T FOLLOW THE RULES
• Contraindication – any condition that renders a treatment as
improper or undesirable
• Transposition – displacement of a viscus to the opposite side
• Acute – having sudden severe symptoms, usually lifethreatening
• Angina – chest pain
• Cellular – pertaining to cells
• Deltoid – resembling a triangle, rotator cuff, muscle in shoulder
Questions?