Name
Date
Class
Lesson Outline
LESSON 3
Ionic and Metallic Bonds
A. Understanding Ions
1. When a metal and a(n)
bond, they do not share
electrons.
2. The
atom transfers one or more valence electrons to the
atom, forming a chemically stable compound.
3. A(n)
is an atom that is no longer electrically neutral
because it has lost or gained one or more valence electrons.
a. An atom that loses one or more valence electrons becomes an ion with a(n)
charge.
b. An atom that gains one or more valence electrons becomes and ion with a(n)
charge.
4. Sodium is a metal that has
valence electron(s).
a. To become stable, sodium has to
a valence electron.
b. When a sodium atom loses a valence electron, it becomes a(n)
charged ion.
5. Chlorine is a nonmetal that has
valence electron(s).
a. To become stable, chlorine has to
a valence electron.
b. When a chlorine atom gains a valence electron, it becomes a(n)
charged ion.
6. To figure out the charge of an ion,
the number of
electrons in the ion from the number of
.
B. Ionic Bonds––Electron Transferring
1. When forming a chemical compound, the nonmetal atoms
the electrons
by the metal
atoms.
2. Due to the change in the number of electrons, the metal and nonmetal atoms both
become
.
3. The attraction between positively and negatively charged ions in an ionic
compound is a(n)
Elements and Chemical Bonds
.
45
Name
Date
Class
Lesson Outline continued
C. Ionic Compounds
1. Most ionic compounds are
and
at room temperature.
a. Ionic compounds usually have
melting points and
boiling points.
b. Ionic compounds are
conductors of electricity
because electric charge passes easily from one ion to another.
2. Covalent compounds form when atoms of different nonmetals
electrons, forming
bonds.
a. Covalent compounds are made up of many
b. In contrast,
.
compounds are composed of a large
collection of
, all of which attract each other and are
held together by
bonds.
D. Metallic Bonds—Electron Pooling
1. Metal atoms form compounds with other
by
combining, or pooling, their valence electrons.
2. A(n)
is a bond formed when many metal atoms share
their pooled valence electrons.
a. When metal atoms lose their
, they become
ions.
b. Valence electrons in metals are not bonded to any particular atom; instead,
metal ions are surrounded by a sea
of
3. Metals are
.
conductors of electricity because their
valence electrons can easily move from ion to ion, transferring electric charge.
4. Metals can
be hammered into a sheet or drawn into a
wire because the ions slide past one another through the electron pool.
5. Metals are shiny because the
at their surface interact
with light.
46
Elements and Chemical Bonds
Name
Date
Class
Content Practice A
LESSON 3
Ionic and Metallic Bonds
Directions: Complete this concept map by choosing terms from the word bank and writing them in the correct
spaces. Some terms may be used more than once.
atoms
ionic
bonds
metallic
conductors
molecule
covalent
pairs
electricity
protons
electrons
transfer
Chemical
1.
can be
10.
6.
2.
and consist of
shared
and involve
the
and consist of freely
moving
11.
7.
3.
of one
or more
of
4.
that make the of
materials excellent
12.
8.
to produce a unit
called a(n)
of
between
13.
9.
5.
Directions: On each line, write the term from the word bank that correctly completes each sentence. Each
term is used only once.
ionic
ionic compound
metallic
noble gas
14. Atoms bond together to gain the stability of the
that is
nearest to them on the periodic table.
15. The attraction between positively and negatively charged ions in a(n)
is an ionic bond.
16.
17. A “sea of electrons” is in
48
compounds are soluble in water.
bonding.
Elements and Chemical Bonds
Name
Date
School to Home
Class
LESSON 3
Ionic and Metallic Bonds
Directions: Use your textbook to answer each question.
1. When metals and nonmetals bond, they do not share electrons. Instead,
one or more valence electrons transfers from the metal to the nonmetal
atom.
What is an ion?
2. Sodium is a metal. Chlorine is a nonmetal. The two atoms create the stable
compound NaCl.
Why is NaCl a stable compound?
3. Positive and negative ions have opposite charges and attract each other,
just as magnets do.
What is an ionic bond?
4. The third type of chemical bond occurs between metals.
How do metal atoms create a bond?
Elements and Chemical Bonds
53
Name
Date
Class
Key Concept Builder
LESSON 3
Ionic and Metallic Bonds
Key Concept What is an ionic compound?
Directions: On each line, write the term from the word bank that correctly completes each sentence. Each term is
used only once.
atoms
nonmetals
elements
positive
ionic
sharing
ions
table salt
1. The bonding of
metals
transfer
and
involve the
negative
does not
of electrons.
2. Instead, this type of bonding is characterized by the
of
electrons.
3. When
join in this way, their
become
.
4. The loss of one or more electrons results in a(n)
charge;
the gain of one or more electrons results in a(n)
charge.
5. One common
as
54
compound is NaCL, also known
.
Elements and Chemical Bonds
Name
Date
Class
Key Concept Builder
LESSON 3
Ionic and Metallic Bonds
Key Concept What is an ionic compound?
Directions: On the line before each statement, write T if the statement is true or F if the statement is false. If the
statement is false, rewrite the sentence correctly on the lines provided.
1. When a metal and a nonmetal bond, one or more valence electrons transfers
from the metal to the nonmetal atom and the atoms bond, forming a
chemically stable compound.
2. Atoms that gain or lose electrons are called ions.
3. The joining of atoms by the transfer of electrons is called ionized bonding.
4. Atoms gain or lose valence electrons until they have the same number of
valence electrons as the closest atmospheric gas.
5. When a sodium atom binds with a chlorine atom, it acquires a positive charge.
6. The compound formed by the bonding of sodium and chloride is NaCl.
7. NaCl is more commonly known as table salt.
8. NaCl dissolves easily in water and has a low boiling point.
Elements and Chemical Bonds
55
Name
Date
Key Concept Builder
Class
LESSON 3
Ionic and Metallic Bonds
Key Concept How do metallic bonds differ from covalent and ionic bonds?
Directions: On the line before each description, write C if it represents covalent bonding, I if it represents ionic
bonding, and M if it represents metallic bonding.
1. pooled electrons
2. shared electron pairs
3. transferred electrons
4. between metal atoms
5. between metals and nonmetals
6. between nonmetals
7. forms molecules
8. electrons moving freely among atoms
9. electrically charged but stable atoms
10. single, double, or triple bonds
11. a “sea of electrons”
12. polar and nonpolar arrangements
56
Elements and Chemical Bonds
Name
Date
Key Concept Builder
Class
LESSON 3
Ionic and Metallic Bonds
Key Concept How do metallic bonds differ from covalent and ionic bonds?
Directions: Put a check mark in the compare-and-contrast matrix under the column(s) that each physical
attribute describes.
Physical Attribute
Covalent
Compound
Ionic Compound
Metal
1. Usually gases or
liquids at room
temperature
2. Usually a solid or
solid crystals at
room temperature
3. Low melting and
boiling points
4. High melting and
boiling points
5. Dissolves easily in
water
6. Poor conductor of
electricity in any
form
7. Good conductor of
heat and electricity
Elements and Chemical Bonds
57
Name
Date
Class
Lesson Quiz A
LESSON 3
Ionic and Metallic Bonds
True or False
Directions: On the line before each statement, write T if the statement is true or F if the statement is false.
1. An ionic bond forms when a nonmetal atom transfers one or more valence
electrons to a metal atom.
2. Covalent bonds are stronger than ionic bonds.
3. The shiny appearance of metals is caused by valence electrons on the surface.
4. An atom with seven valence electrons would most likely lose an electron
to become stable.
Multiple Choice
Directions: On the line before each question or statement, write the letter of the correct answer.
5. Which activity makes an atom more stable when it is forming an ionic bond?
A. losing an electron
B. gaining an electron
C. gaining or losing an electron
6. Which type of atom forms a flexible bond with other atoms of the same
element by sharing a large pool of valence electrons?
A. metal
B. metalloid
C. nonmetal
7. A metallic bond forms when valence electrons move freely around a metal
atom that has become a
A. noble gas.
B. positive ion.
C. covalent compound.
8. Which type of bond joins nonmetal atoms to nonmetal atoms?
A. ionic
B. metallic
C. covalent
60
Elements and Chemical Bonds
Name
Date
Class
Lesson Quiz B
LESSON 3
Ionic and Metallic Bonds
Completion
Directions: On each line, write the term that correctly completes each sentence.
1. An ionic bond forms when a(n)
valence electrons to a(n)
2. In terms of strength, an ionic bond is
atom transfers one or more
atom.
than a covalent
bond.
3. The shiny appearance of metals is caused by
on the surface.
4. An atom with seven valence electrons would most likely
an electron to become stable.
Short Answer
Directions: Respond to each statement on the lines provided.
5. Explain how forming an ionic bond makes metal and nonmetal atoms more stable.
6. Describe how metallic bonds contribute to the physical characteristics of a metal.
7. Describe the type of ions created through metallic bonding.
8. List the three types of atomic bonds and describe the types of atoms—metal
or nonmetal—that form each type of bond.
Elements and Chemical Bonds
61