CHAPTER 6 – THE PERIODIC TABLE
Explain that all the known elements are arranged in the Periodic Table.
Define and use the term “group”.
Define and use the term “period”.
Use the ‘jagged line from Astatine to Boron’ to classify atoms as metals (on
the right hand side of the line) and non-metals (on the left hand side of
the line)
 Use the Atomic number and mass number of an atom to determine the
number of protons, neutrons and electrons in an atom (when given the
atomic symbol of an atom)
 Classify atoms on the periodic table using terms alkali metals, alkali earth
metals, halogens, noble gases, transition metals (extension)
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a. What is the periodic table?
The periodic table is a tabular arrangement of the all the elements (different
kinds of atoms), organized on the basis of their atomic number (number of
protons in the nucleus), electron configurations, and recurring chemical
properties. Elements are presented in order of increasing atomic number,
which is typically listed with the chemical symbol in each box.
Atomic symbols – the information provided for
each element
The atomic number of an atom is the number of
protons in an atom. (Which of course means it is
also the number of electrons)
The mass number of an atom is the number of
protons and neutrons combined. This is because
only protons and neutrons are considered to contribute
to the relative mass of the atom.
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b. Interpreting the periodic table.
METALS vs NON-METALS
There is a jagged line that runs from element #5 down to element #85
Astatine…this line separates the elements that are classified as metals
from elements that are non-metals.
a. If an element is found on the right hand side of the line it is a nonmetal.
b. If an element is found on the left hand side of the line it is a
metal.
c. Hydrogen is a difficult atom to classify, it is most commonly
classified as a non-metal atom.
Name of
Element
Symbol
Metal/NonMetal?
Calcium
Francium
Chlorine
Lead
Carbon
Tin
Sulfur
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PERIODS AND GROUPS
1) The elements in the periodic table are also classified into groups or
periods.

The vertical columns in the periodic table are called groups.

The horizontal rows in the periodic table are called periods.

Elements in the first vertical column on the left are said to belong
to “group 1”
Elements in the second vertical column on the left are said to
belong to “group 2”
Elements in groups 3-12 are classified are also referred to as
transition elements.
The elements in the first horizontal row (Hydrogen and Helium
only) make up the first period.
The elements in the second horizontal row (from Lithium to Neon)
make up the second period.
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Name of
Element
Symbol Group Period Transition Metal?
Magnesium
Phosphorus
Lead
Iron
Aluminum
Zinc
Iodine
Copper
Beryllium
Sulfur
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NUMBER OF PROTONS, NEUTRONS AND ELECTRONS
Each symbol (element) in the periodic table represents a particular type of
atom that exists. The periodic table contains information about that atom.

The number in the top left corner of each symbol is called the
Atomic Number, the atomic number is equal to the number of
protons in the nucleus of an atom.

The larger number on the bottom of each symbol is called the
Mass Number, the mass number is equal to the number of
protons plus the number of neutron in the nucleus of an atom.

The number of neutrons in an atom is equal to the mass number
minus the atomic number.

The number of electrons in an atom is always the same as the
number of protons (i.e. the atomic number).
Name of
Specific isotope
Boron-11
Symbol Atomic
Number
B
5
Mass
Number
11
Number of
protons in
one atom.
5
Number of
neutrons in
one atom.
6
Number of
electrons in
one atom.
5
Silicon-28
Potassium-39
Nickel-58
Mercury-200
Manganese - 55
Silver-108
Nitrogen-14
Carbon – 12
Carbon – 13
Sulfur – 32
Hydrogen – 1
Hydrogen - 2
Hydrogen - 3
* Something to remember…in an atom the number of protons always equals
the number of electrons…that is why atoms are neutral. (Have no overall
charge). If they did have an overall charge we would refer to them as ions!
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OTHER

Elements in the first vertical column on the left are said to belong to
“group 1”
(Also called Alkali Metals)

Elements in the second vertical column on the left are said to belong to
“group 2”
(Also called the Alkali Earth Metals)

The Elements in the second last vertical column (F, Cl, Br, I, At) are
said to belong to “group 17” (Also called the Halogens)

The Elements in the last vertical column (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn) are
said to belong to “group 18” (Also called the Noble Gases)

There are ten columns (from group 3-12) in the middle of the periodic
table collectively called Transition Metals.
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Worksheet – Periodic Table of Elements
Q1 - Using your periodic table, complete the following tables.
Symbol Metal/NonMetal?
Name of
Element
Oxygen
Chromium
Phosphorus
Nickel
Silicon
Tin
Sulfur
Name of
Element
Symbol Group Period Transition
Metal?
Manganese
Aluminium
Beryllium
Barium
Lead
Copper
Fluorine
Name of
Element
Symbol Atomic Mass
Number of Number of
Number Number protons in neutrons in
one atom. one atom.
Number of
electrons in
one atom.
Magnesium
Helium
Nitrogen
Boron
Potassium
Lithium
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Q2 - Using your periodic table to help you draw the following atoms like you
did on worksheet 4, but this time state the number of neutrons in the nucleus
too. (the first is done for you as an example)
Nitrogen Atom
Boron Atm
Electron Configuration – 2,5
Magnesium Atom
Carbon Atom
Silicon Atom
Phosphorus Atom
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Q3 – Complete the following;
Some groups on the periodic table have fancy names…
a. Group one elements are called the alkali metals, list the alkali metals (Group
1 metals are all very reactive metals)
b. Group two elements are referred to as the alkaline earth metals, list the
alkaline earth metals. (Group metals are all very reactive metals, but not as
recative as group 1 metals)
c. Group 8 elements are called the noble gases (or the inert gases); list the
noble gases. (The noble gases are the most unreactive group)
d. Group 7 elements are called the halogens. (they are the most reactive nonmetals). List the elements known as halogens
e. Name the element in group 3 and period 4 - _________________________.
f. Name the element in group 15 and period 2 - ________________________.
g. Name the element in group 17 and period 5 - ________________________
h. Name the alkali earth metal in period 6 - ____________________________
i.
Name the metal in group 8 period 3 - ________________________________
Q4 – What do all the elements in group 1 have in common?
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Q5 – Why do you think all elements in the same group have similar chemical
properties (i.e. react with other atoms in very similar ways)
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Q6 – Complete the following table
Description
Proton, Neutron or
Electron
Part of the atom found in the nucleus of the atom with a positive
charge.
Subatomic particles (parts of an atom) located in the area
outside the nucleus
Parts of an atom that have a negative charge
Parts of the atom that have no charge
Subatomic particles (parts of an atom) located in the nucleus
(centre) of the atom.
*more than one answer here!
The lightest/smallest of the three sub-atomic particles
Hydrogen has an atomic number of 1 because it has 1…
On the periodic table; when you subtract the small number
(atomic number) from the big number (mass number) you can
find out the number of…(P,N or E) in an atom.
Look at Lithium on the Periodic table. In the nucleus of a lithium
atom there are 3…
Look at Lithium on the Periodic table. In the nucleus of a lithium
atom there are 4…
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