Name:________________________
Organic Molecules & Enzymes
Key Take-Aways:
» Properties of Water
» There are 4 main organic molecules needed by all living organisms!
» Each molecule is made of smaller subunits (building blocks) and has a specific function.
» Enzymes are proteins with a specific shape that act as catalysts to speed up reactions,
again & again.
» Enzymes can be denatured by temperature and pH.
The Extraordinary Properties of Water
•
Water Is Polar:
In each water molecule, the hydrogen atoms are ______________________ and the
oxygen is _______________________. This makes water ______________________.
•
There are _______________________ bonds between water molecules that lead to 4
properties _________________, ______________________, ______________________
____________________, and _______________________.
Cohesion
•
____________________________________________________________________________________
Example: ________________________________________
Adhesion
•
____________________________________________________________________________________
•
Example: __________________________________________
Surface Tension

____________________________________________________________________________________

Example: ____________________________________________
Capillarity
•
____________________________________________________________________________________
•
Example: __________________________________________
Organic Chemistry
Molecules are formed by bonds between ______________________ electrons that exist in the outer orbital.
Carbon is an important element because it can form _________ bonds because it has ___________ valence
electrons. Carbon can also form ___________________ and _________________ bonds with other carbon
atoms.
Molecules that contain Carbon are _____________________________________. Example: ______________
Molecules that do not contain Carbon are _______________________________. Example: ______________
Macromolecules
There are 4 main macromolecules: __________________________ or sugars; ______________________ or fats;
_____________________________ or DNA and RNA; and ______________________________.
Carbohydrates
There are two main categories of carbohydrates: simple sugars and starches. ________________________ is an
example of a simple sugar. _______________________ is made from a chain of these glucose subunits.
Protein
Proteins are made up of ___________ ___________ (the subunits, “building blocks”)
List the functions of protein:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Lipids
Lipids are made up of ___________ ___________ & ____________________(the subunits, “building blocks”)
Examples of fats are ______________________, ________________________, or _________________________.
Lipids that are solid at room temperature are _________________________ fat.
Lipids that are liquid at room temperature are ________________________ fat.
Nucleic Acids
Draw a nucleotide.
Nucleic Acids are made up of __________________ (the subunit, “building blocks”)
Label your nucleotide using the following words: phosphate group, nitrogenous base, sugar.
Which Organic Molecule?!
Sort the following words as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, or nucleic acids in the chart below:
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
m.
n.
o.
a. Iodine
Benedict’s
No test
Fatty acids
Nucleotide
Sugars and starch
Amino acids
Control genes
Glucose
Enzymes
Short Term Stored energy
Controls body functions
Quick energy
Biuret’s
Long term energy
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
Enzymes
Enzymes help increase the ______ of reaction (the speed of the reaction)
1.
Enzymes are _____________________: They are made of amino acids.
2.
Enzymes are _____________________: Shape matters! They work with only 1 ____________
3.
Enzymes are ___________________: They speed up reactions.
4.
Enzymes are ___________________: They can be used again and again!
5.
Enzymes help with _________________ & _________________!!!
Enzyme Reaction Diagram
Label the following:
A. Enzyme
B. Substrate
C. Product
D. Active Site
E. Reactants
Activation Energy Diagram
Activation Energy is _____________________________________________________________________________.
Enzymes (increase / decrease) the amount of activation energy needed for a reaction to happen.
Line (Z / W) represents the activation energy WITHOUT an enzyme. Line W represents the
activation energy with an enzyme because the activation energy is (lower / higher) with an
enzyme.