RAMOS, Marie Jessica Alip BSCE 2D Globalization -The process of becoming more globally interconnected (building ties within and among people around the world) and increasingly interdependent economically, politically, environmentally, and technologically. Political globalization -The interconnected nature of government. Trans-national and international government structures. Economic globalization -The spread of trade, transportation, and communication systems around the world in the interests of promoting worldwide commerce. Globalization of the economy depends on the role of human migration, international trade, movement of the capital, and integration of financial markets. Social globalization -The increase in day-to-day global communication/interaction due to new technologies in communication technology. Each person is now connected to many people all over the world over global networks. Cultural identity -The way people categorize their culture, sometimes by the way they dress and what they eat Privitization -When the government sells its industries to individuals or private companies Urbanization -An increase in the percentage and in the number of people living in urban settlements. Hybridization - Breeding technique that involves crossing dissimilar individuals to bring together the best traits of both organisms/ combining of elements of two or more to create something new Homogenization -Popular culture tends to create a more similar and homogenous cultural landscape; many criticize that globalization has promoted this and has reduced the distinctiveness of the world in general. Consumerization -Known as the transition of society from producers of indigenous foods to consumers of mass-produced foods. Cultural diversity -Differences in cultural backgrounds and practices around the globe. Cultural revitalization -The process of affirming and promoting people's individual and collective cultural identity. Cultural hybridization -The process by which a cultural custom, item, or concept is transformed to fit the cultural context of a society that borrows it Cultural homogenization -Coming together of different cultural practices into one blended, uniform cultural practices that do not allow easy identification of the characteristics of many cultures Cultural protectionism -The process of attempting to protect, maintain and promote the unique aspects of a culture. Global migration - The movement of people from developing countries to industrialized nations; increased racial tensions; native workers saw immigrant workers as competitors willing to work for lower wages and less likely to support labor unions Global urbanizationTrend from 1900 onward: Urbanization became a global, not just national, process; The trend intensified from 1950 onward Universalization -The spread of culture, trends, customs, and practices around the world. Integration -Allows separate systems to communicate directly with each other, eliminating the need for manual entry into multiple systems Entrepreneurship - The process of starting, organizing, managing, and assuming the responsibility for a business International treaties - Agreements under international law between different countries, can be used to protect the natural world Interdependence -The growing of mutual dependence among peoples. Interconnected - The building of ties within and among the peoples of the world. Global village -A closely knit community of all the world's societies Merchantalism - A government dominated economy and strictly controlled trade that strives for a trade balance and was a policy followed by European imperial powers from the 16th to 19th century used to benefit the economy of the imperial power Imperialism - A policy of extending a country's power and influence over another country's political, economic, and cultural institutions through diplomacy or military force Nationalism - A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country Capitalism -An economic system based on private ownership of capital and advocates for free trade, competition, and choice as a means of achieving prosperity Communism -An economic and political system where everyone would work for the benefit of all, would receive help as he or she needs it, and eliminates class distinctions. Colonial - Attempt by one country to establish settlements and to impose its political, economic, and cultural principles in another territory. Cultural assimilation -Process that occurs when a minority group, living as part of a dominant group within a culture, loses the cultural characteristics that made it different and taking on the identity of the other culture Traditional culture-Customs and ways of life handed down from ancestors Raw materials -The basic material from which a product is made Humanitarian - A person working for the welfare of all humans Provincial jurisdiction -Legal decisions and judgement made by the provincial government. Mainly responsible for healthcare, education, natural resources, and immigration. Federal level = affect whole country (trade, telecommunications, trade) Municipal = based in a city, town, or district (libraries, parks, community water systems, local police, roadways and parking) Aboriginals -The people that are indigenous or native to a land Social stability - An even society where there is a social solidarity between the people in one society and they work together to make the society better. Income inequality can create social instability. Traditional values -The handing down of beliefs and behaviors deemed important from one generation to the next, reinforced by family and cultural institutions, such as schools and church. Geographic advantages- More land = resources and agriculture River = travel, water, trade, and communication Neighboring countries = alliances Historical globalization -Events in the past that affect globalization today - these legacies are often global issues, beginning after Christopher Columbus's first voyage to the Caribbean in 1492 and ended after WWII. Reparations -The making of amends for a wrong one has done, by paying money to or otherwise helping those who have been wronged. Believed in government noninvolvement economy. Monopolies -Exclusive control of a commodity or service in a particular market, or a control that makes possible the manipulation of prices Private ownership -Businesses and property belong to individuals, not the government Public ownership -The goods and services are supplied and operated by the government or by a firm owned by a government Command economies -Economic systems in which the government largely decides what goods and services will be produced, who will get them, and how the economy will grow Outsourcing -A business strategy that involves reducing costs by using suppliers of products and services in countries where labor is cheaper and government regulation may be less strict Greenhouse gases -Gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, water vapor, and ozone in the atmosphere which are involved in the greenhouse effect. Stewardship -Accepting responsibility for ensuring that the earth's resources remain sustainable and looking after something so it can be passed on to the next generation Sustainability -The degree to which Earth is able to provide the resources necessary to meet people's needs Exploit -To take advantage of for personal profit Fair trade -Trade that emphasizes the inclusion of environmental & labor protections agreements (fair wages, safety standards, permit union organizing) so that nations do not receive unfair advantages by exploiting workers or harming the environment Liberalization - Reduce the role of the state in the economy, dismantling trade tariffs, deregulation of financial sector to foreign investors, and the privatization of state enterprises Protectionism-Lowering the import of goods and services by the use of government regulations, tariffs (tax), or quotas (limit number or price) to protect domestic producers and companies from foreign competition. The opposite of free trade. Anti-globalilization -Against the process of becoming more globally interconnected (building ties within and among people around the world) and increasingly interdependent economically, politically, environmentally, and technologically. Marginalized -Groups lacking desirable traits are excluded, placed in a position of declining importance, influence, or power and are viewed as insignificant or powerless in society. These groups include poor, uneducated, undesirable color and language. These groups will stay out of acceptance by society unless there is social intervention. Social justice -The fair and equal treatment of every member of society, opposing every form of injustice in society, and working to promote justice for all people Labor rights - A group of legal and human rights having to do with labor relations with workers and their employers (worker wages, benefits, and safe working conditions)
