Chapter 2 & 3 - Study Guide - REV 1) Describe the nuclear fusion process: a) Nuclei involved b) It is the source of energy for what objects in the Universe? 2) Know what the Hertzsprung-Russell (H-R) diagram is and where the Sun belongs in the diagram. 3) After our Sun burns all the hydrogen in its core, it will become a? 4) After our Sun burns all the helium in its core, it will become a? 5) What are the following and where they belong on the H-R diagram? a) Main sequence b) Red Giant or Giants c) White Dwarf 6) What are? a) Supernovas b) Neutron Stars c) Black Holes 7) What is a Galaxy? What galaxy do we live in? 8) What is the Big Bang? 9) Know the difference between Geocentric to Heliocentric systems. 10) Know which three elements make up 90% of the human body (by weight). 11) Know how is the “red shift” of light from distance stars is used by astronomers to determine distances to galaxies. What does it say about the Universe? 12) Regarding our planets: a) Know the ordering of our planets in the Solar System from closest to furthest. b) Which are the “Inner or Terrestrial Planets”? c) Which are the “Jovian or Gas giant planets”? d) What is Pluto’s new classification? e) Know that Jovian planets are larger and less dense than terrestrial planets 13) What is the asteroid belt? 14) How does the tilt of the Earth affect our seasonal temperature changes? • How does a change in the tilt angle affect average temperatures? 15) What is the length of Sunspot cycle in years? 16) Why does Earth have a magnetic field? 17) Would the temperatures on Earth would be lower if there were less carbon dioxide in the atmosphere? (Yes or No) 18) Which impact is thought to be responsible for the extinction of the dinosaurs? 19) Know that Comets are: a) Size – generally larger than asteroids b) Many are 100s km across c) Travel faster than asteroids d) Composed of dust and ice with a rocky core / “Icy dirtballs” 20) Know that asteroids: a) Composed of rock and/or metals b) Meteor – asteroids that burn in atmosphere c) Meteorite – an asteroid that strikes Earth’s surface
