Instructional Strategies
Direct Instruction
Demonstrations
Lectures
Video
Explicit Teaching
Interactive Instruction
Debates
Discussions
Group Projects
Brainstorming
Independent Study
Reads
Reports
Homework
Exercises
Indirect Instruction
Reflective Discussion
Problem Solving
Case Studies
Experimental Learning
Field Observations
Experiments
Field Trips
Games
Bloom’s Taxonomy
Create
Produce new or original work
Design, assemble, construct, conjecture,
develop, formulate, author, investigate
Evaluate
Justify a stand or decision
Appraise, argue, defend, judge, select,
support, value, critique, weigh
Analyze
Draw connections among ideas
Differentiate, organize, relate, compare, contrast, distinguish,
examine, experiment, question, test
Apply
Use information in new situations
Execute, implement, solve, use, demonstrate, interpret, operate, schedule, sketch
Explain ideas or concepts
Understand
Classify, describe, discuss, explain, identify, recognize, report, select, translate
Recall facts and basic concepts
Remember
Define, duplicate, list, memorize, repeat, state
Learning Theories
Property
Behaviorism
Cognitivism
Constructivism
Connectivism
Black box- observable
behavior main focus
Structured,
computational
Social, meaning created
by each learner(personal)
Distributed within a
network, social
technologically enhanced,
recognizing and
interpreting patterns
Nature of reward,
punishment, stimuli
Existing schema,
previous experiences
Engagement,
participation, social
cultural
Diversity of network,
strength of ties, context of
occurrence
Memory is the hardwiring
of repeated experienceswhere reward and
punishment are most
influencial
Encoding, storage,
retrieval
Prior knowledge remixed
to current context
Adaptive patterns,
representative of current
state, existing in networks
How transfer occurs
Stimulus, response
Duplicate knowledge
constructs of “knower”
Socialization
Connecting to (adding)
nodes and growing the
network
(social/conceptual/biologi
cal)
Types of Learning
Best Explained
Task-based learning
Reasoning, clear
objectives, problem
solving
Social, Vague (“ill
defined”)
Complex learning, rapid
changing core, diverse
knowledge sources
How learning occurs
Influencing Factors
Role of Memory